Hypotheses of Potential Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cell in Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 CHENXin-zu ¹ , YANGKun ¹ ,  HUJian-kun ¹ , MOXian-ming ²

1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China;
2. Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China;

Corresponding author：

HUJian-kun, Email: hujkwch@126.com

Keywords：

Gastric cancer; Cancer stem cell; Metastatic cancer stem cell; Peritoneal metastasis; Mechanism

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20140185

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To explore and hypothesize the potential mechanisms of cancer stem cell(CSC) in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods The databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched, and relevant literatures were reviewed to draw out systematic hypotheses. Results Metastatic cancer stem cell(MCSC) was the subpopulation of CSC with the capacity of metastasis, had still not been well investigated. MCSC transfer was the tendency of migration and planting to specific target tissue by multi-steps of "homing" process. Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer was a simplified "homing" process, and we thinked that the key steps were adhesion, migration, and niche establishment of MCSC in peritoneum. That capturing human MCSC of peritoneal metastases in gastric cancer and identifying its stemness feature to determine high tumorigenicity and high invasive ability of it were the important research fields. Conclusion MCSC might play certain role in multiple processes in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer, but currently it's lack of relevant researches.

Citation： CHENXin-zu, YANGKun, HUJian-kun, MOXian-ming. Hypotheses of Potential Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cell in Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(6): 772-777. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140185 Copy

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7.	Tanaka T, Kumagai K, Shimizu K, et al.Peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer with particular reference to lymphatic advancement; extranodal invasion is a significant risk factor for peritoneal metastasis[J].J Surg Oncol, 2000, 75(3):165-171.
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9.	Casey RC, Skubitz AP.CD44 and beta1 integrins mediate ovarian carcinoma cell migration toward extracellular matrix proteins[J].Clin Exp Metastasis, 2000, 18(1):67-75.
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11.	Kozlow W, Guise TA.Breast cancer metastasis to bone:mechanisms of osteolysis and implications for therapy[J].J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 2005, 10(2):169-180.
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14.	Ciurea ME, Georgescu AM, Purcaru SO, et al.Cancer stem cells:biological functions and therapeutically targeting[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(5):8169-8185.
15.	Chen T, Yang K, Yu J, et al.Identification and expansion of cancer stem cells in tumor tissues and peripheral blood derived from gastric adenocarcinoma patients[J].Cell Res, 2012, 22(1):248-258.
16.	Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, et al.Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells[J].Nature, 2001, 414(6859):105-111.
17.	Bonnet D, Dick JE.Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell[J].Nat Med, 1997, 3(7):730-737.
18.	O'brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, et al.A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice[J].Nature, 2007, 445(7123):106-110.
19.	Eramo A, Lotti F, Sette G, et al.Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population[J].Cell Death Differ, 2008, 15(3):504-514.
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21.	Palapattu GS, Wu C, Silvers CR, et al.Selective expression of CD44, a putative prostate cancer stem cell marker, in neuroendocrine tumor cells of human prostate cancer[J].Prostate, 2009, 69(7):787-798.
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31.	Xie T, Spradling AC.A niche maintaining germ line stem cells in the drosophila ovary[J].Science, 2000, 290(5490):328-330.
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33.	Chepko G, Slack R, Carbott D, et al.Differential alteration of stem and other cell populations in ducts and lobules of TGFalpha and c-Myc transgenic mouse mammary epithelium[J].Tissue Cell, 2005, 37(5):393-412.
34.	Sneddon JB, Zhen HH, Montgomery K, et al.Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin 1 is widely expressed by cancerassociated stromal cells and can promote tumor cell proliferation[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006, 103(40):14842-14847.
35.	Kang Y, Siegel PM, Shu W, et al.A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone[J].Cancer Cell, 2003, 3(6):537-549.
36.	Kaplan RN, Riba RD, Zacharoulis S, et al.VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche[J].Nature, 2005, 438(7069):820-827.
37.	Wang X, Liu J, Wang Z, et al.Periostin contributes to the acquisition of multipotent stem cell-like properties in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells[J].PLoS One, 2013, 8(8):e72962.
38.	Malanchi I, Santamaria-Martínez A, Susanto E, et al.Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization[J].Nature, 2011, 481(7379):85-89.

1. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al.Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008:GLOBOCAN 2008[J].Int J Cancer, 2010, 127(12):2893-2917.
2. Parkin DM.Global cancer statistics in the year 2000[J].Lancet Oncol, 2001, 2(9):533-543.
3. 孙秀娣,牧人,周有尚,等.中国胃癌死亡率20年变化情况分析及其发展趋势预测[J].中华肿瘤杂志, 2004, 26(1):4-9.
4. Yonemura Y, Endou Y, Shinbo M, et al.Safety and efficacy of bidirectional chemotherapy for treatment of patients with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer:selection for cytoreductive surgery[J].J Surg Oncol, 2009, 100(4):311-316.
5. Glockzin G, Schlitt HJ, Piso P.Peritoneal carcinomatosis:patients selection, perioperative complications and quality of life related to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy[J].World J Surg Oncol, 2009, 7:5.
6. Aroeira LS, Aguilera A, Sánchez-Tomero JA, et al.Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and peritoneal membrane failure in peritoneal dialysis patients:pathologic significance and potential therapeutic interventions[J].J Am Soc Nephrol, 2007, 18(7):2004-2013.
7. Tanaka T, Kumagai K, Shimizu K, et al.Peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer with particular reference to lymphatic advancement; extranodal invasion is a significant risk factor for peritoneal metastasis[J].J Surg Oncol, 2000, 75(3):165-171.
8. Strobel T, Cannistra SA.Beta1-integrins partly mediate binding of ovarian cancer cells to peritoneal mesothelium in vitro[J].Gynecol Oncol, 1999, 73(3):362-367.
9. Casey RC, Skubitz AP.CD44 and beta1 integrins mediate ovarian carcinoma cell migration toward extracellular matrix proteins[J].Clin Exp Metastasis, 2000, 18(1):67-75.
10. Frisch SM, Francis H.Disruption of epithelial cell-matrix interactions induces apoptosis[J].J Cell Biol, 1994, 124(4):619-626.
11. Kozlow W, Guise TA.Breast cancer metastasis to bone:mechanisms of osteolysis and implications for therapy[J].J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 2005, 10(2):169-180.
12. Kaplan RN, Psaila B, Lyden D.Niche-to-niche migration of bone-marrow-derived cells[J].Trends Mol Med, 2007, 13(2):72-81.
13. Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, et al.A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice[J].Nature, 1994, 367(6464):645-648.
14. Ciurea ME, Georgescu AM, Purcaru SO, et al.Cancer stem cells:biological functions and therapeutically targeting[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(5):8169-8185.
15. Chen T, Yang K, Yu J, et al.Identification and expansion of cancer stem cells in tumor tissues and peripheral blood derived from gastric adenocarcinoma patients[J].Cell Res, 2012, 22(1):248-258.
16. Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, et al.Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells[J].Nature, 2001, 414(6859):105-111.
17. Bonnet D, Dick JE.Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell[J].Nat Med, 1997, 3(7):730-737.
18. O'brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, et al.A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice[J].Nature, 2007, 445(7123):106-110.
19. Eramo A, Lotti F, Sette G, et al.Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population[J].Cell Death Differ, 2008, 15(3):504-514.
20. Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C, Iovino F, et al.Breast cancer cell lines contain functional cancer stem cells with metastatic capacity and a distinct molecular signature[J].Cancer Res, 2009, 69(4):1302-1313.
21. Palapattu GS, Wu C, Silvers CR, et al.Selective expression of CD44, a putative prostate cancer stem cell marker, in neuroendocrine tumor cells of human prostate cancer[J].Prostate, 2009, 69(7):787-798.
22. 邓永键,丁彦青.肿瘤转移干细胞与抗转移策略[J].中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志, 2009, 16(6):547-556.
23. Radisky DC.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J].J Cell Sci, 2005, 118(Pt 19):4325-4326.
24. Psaila B, Kaplan RN, Port ER, et al.Priming the ‘soil’ for breast cancer metastasis:the pre-metastatic niche[J].Breast Dis, 2007, 26:65-74.
25. Thiery JP.Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and pathologies[J].Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2003, 15(6):740-746.
26. Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, et al.The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells[J].Cell, 2008, 133(4):704-715.
27. Cavallaro U, Schaffhauser B, Christofori G.Cadherins and the tumour progression:is it all in a switch?[J].Cancer Lett, 2002, 176(2):123-128.
28. Wheelock MJ, Shintani Y, Maeda M, et al.Cadherin switching[J].J Cell Sci, 2008, 121(Pt 6):727-735.
29. 陆虹旻,马俐君.上皮间质细胞转化的分子机制及其在肿瘤转移中的作用[J].中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志, 2009, 16(5):541-545.
30. Schofield R.The relationship between the spleen colony-forming cell and the haemopoietic stem cell[J].Blood Cells, 1978, 4(1-2):7-25.
31. Xie T, Spradling AC.A niche maintaining germ line stem cells in the drosophila ovary[J].Science, 2000, 290(5490):328-330.
32. Li L, Neaves WB.Normal stem cells and cancer stem cells:the niche matters[J].Cancer Res, 2006, 66(9):4553-4557.
33. Chepko G, Slack R, Carbott D, et al.Differential alteration of stem and other cell populations in ducts and lobules of TGFalpha and c-Myc transgenic mouse mammary epithelium[J].Tissue Cell, 2005, 37(5):393-412.
34. Sneddon JB, Zhen HH, Montgomery K, et al.Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin 1 is widely expressed by cancerassociated stromal cells and can promote tumor cell proliferation[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006, 103(40):14842-14847.
35. Kang Y, Siegel PM, Shu W, et al.A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone[J].Cancer Cell, 2003, 3(6):537-549.
36. Kaplan RN, Riba RD, Zacharoulis S, et al.VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche[J].Nature, 2005, 438(7069):820-827.
37. Wang X, Liu J, Wang Z, et al.Periostin contributes to the acquisition of multipotent stem cell-like properties in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells[J].PLoS One, 2013, 8(8):e72962.
38. Malanchi I, Santamaria-Martínez A, Susanto E, et al.Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization[J].Nature, 2011, 481(7379):85-89.

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Hypotheses of Potential Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cell in Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer

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