The Advances of Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 DUXing ,  AISIMUTULADilimulati , LUANMei-xiang

Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China;

Corresponding author：

AISIMUTULADilimulati, Email: 2499156828@qq.com

Keywords：

Circulating tumor cells; Breast cancer; Review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20140280

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summary the advance of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Methods Through reviewing the related studies, a series of clinical studies on advance of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer were reviewed. Results For early breast cancer patients, the detection of circulating tumor cells could find patients at high risk of recurrence and metastasis. For metastatic breast cancer patients, it could assess the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and predict the prognosis. To explore the molecular characteristics of circulating tumor cells could help to understand tumor transfer mechanism and seek new therapeutic targets. Conclusion Circulating tumor cells play an important role in the treatment of breast cancer, but many multi-center prospective studies are needed to ensure whether circulating tumor cells can be used in clinical practice.

Citation： DUXing, AISIMUTULADilimulati, LUANMei-xiang. The Advances of Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(9): 1167-1172. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140280 Copy

1.	Siegel R,Naishadham D,Jemal A.Cancer statistics,2013[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2013,63(1):11-30.
2.	Alix-Panabières C,Pantel K.Circulating tumor cells:liquid biopsy of cancer[J]. Clin Chem,2013,59(1):110-118.
3.	Reid AH,Attard G,Danila DC,et al.Significant and sustained antitumor activity in post-docetaxel,castration-resistant prostate cancer with the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate[J]. J Clin Oncol,2010,28(9):1489-1495.
4.	Hayashi N,Nakamura S,Tokuda Y,et al.Prognostic value of HER2-positive circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer[J]. Int J Clin Oncol,2012,17(2):96-104.
5.	Liska V,Holubec L,Treska V,et al.Evaluation of tumour markers as differential diagnostic tool in patients with suspicion of liver metastases from breast cancer[J]. Anticancer Res, 2011,31(4):1447-1451.
6.	De Giorgi U,Valero V,Rohren E,et al.Circulating tumor cells and[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for outcome prediction in metastatic breast cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2009,27(20):3303-3311.
7.	Graves H,Czerniecki BJ.Circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients:an evolving role in patient prognosis and disease progression[J]. Patholog Res Int,2011,2011:621090.
8.	Langley RR,Fidler IJ.The seed and soil hypothesis revisited- the role of tumor-stroma interactions in metastasis to different organs[J]. Int J Cancer,2011,128(11):2527-2535.
9.	Ashworth TR.A case of cancer in which cells similar to those in the tumors were seen in the blood after death[J]. Aust Med J, 1986,14:146-149.
10.	钱六七.乳腺癌血清肿瘤标志物和循环肿瘤细胞检测的研究进展[J]. 肿瘤研究与临床,2012,24(12):852-855.
11.	Strati A,Kasimir-Bauer S,Markou A,et al.Comparison of three molecular assays for the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2013,15(2):R20.
12.	Galanzha EI,Zharov VP.Circulating tumor cell detection and capture by photoacoustic flow cytometry in vivo and ex vivo[J]. Cancers (Basel),2013,5(4):1691-1738.
13.	Yusa A,Toneri M,Masuda T,et al.Development of a new rapid isolation device for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using 3D palladium filter and its application for genetic analysis[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(2):e88821.
14.	Peeters DJ,De Laere B,Van den Eynden GG,et al.Semiautomated isolation and molecular characterisation of single or highly purified tumour cells from Cell Search enriched blood samples using dielectrophoretic cell sorting[J]. Br J Cancer,2013, 108(6):1358-1367.
15.	Lin HK,Zheng S,Williams AJ,et al.Portable filter-based microdevice for detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2010,16(20):5011-5018.
16.	Cho EH,Wendel M,Luttgen M,et al.Characterization of circulating tumor cell aggregates identified in patients with epithelial tumors[J]. Phys Biol,2012,9(1):016001.
17.	Riethdorf S,Müller V,Zhang L,et al.Detection and HER2 expression of circulating tumor cells:prospective monitoring in breast cancer patients treated in the neoadjuvant GeparQuattro trial[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2010,16(9):2634-2645.
18.	Apostolaki S,Perraki M,Kallergi G,et al.Detection of occult HER2 mRNA-positive tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with operable breast cancer:evaluation of their prognostic relevance[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat,2009,117(3):525-534.
19.	Bidard FC,Mathiot C,Delaloge S,et al.Single circulating tumor cell detection and overall survival in nonmetastatic breast cancer[J]. Ann Oncol,2010,21(4):729-733.
20.	Sandri MT,Zorzino L,Cassatella MC,et al.Changes in circulating tumor cell detection in patients with localized breast cancer before and after surgery[J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2010,17(6):1539-1545.
21.	Lang JL,Mosalpuria K,Cristofanilli M,et al.HER2 status predicts the presence of circulating tumor cells in patients with operable breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat,2009, 113(3):501-507.
22.	Ferro P,Franceschini MC,Bacigalupo B,et al.Detection of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer patients using human mammaglobin RT-PCR:association with clinical prognostic factors[J]. Anticancer Res,2010,30(6):2377-2382.
23.	Krishnamurthy S,Cristofanilli M,Singh B,et al.Detection of minimal residual disease in blood and bone marrow in early stage breast cancer[J]. Cancer,2010,116(14):3330-3337.
24.	Rack BK,Schindlbeck C,Andergassen U,et al.Use of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy to predict risk for relapse:The SUCCESS trial[J]. J Clin Oncol,2010,28 Suppl 15:1003-1009.
25.	Wülfing P,Borchard J,Buerger H,et al.HER2-positive circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ breast cancer patients[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2006,12(6):1715-1720.
26.	Ignatiadis M,Kallergi G,Ntoulia M,et al.Prognostic value of the molecular detection of circulating tumor cells using a multimarker reverse transcription-PCR assay for cytokeratin 19, mammaglobin A,and HER2 in early breast cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2008,14(9):2593-2600.
27.	Molloy TJ,Devriese LA,Helgason HH,et al.A multimarker QPCR-based platform for the detection of circulating tumour cells in patients with early-stage breast cancer[J]. Br J Cancer, 2011,104(12):1913-1919.
28.	Saloustros E,Perraki M,Apostolaki S,et al.Cytokeratin-19 mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells during follow-up of patients with operable breast cancer:prognostic relevance for late relapse[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2011,13(3):R60.
29.	Lucci A,Hall CS,Lodhi AK,et al.Circulating tumour cells in non-metastatic breast cancer:a prospective study[J]. Lancet Oncol,2012,13(7):688-695.
30.	Franken B,de Groot MR,Mastboom WJ,et al.Circulating tumor cells,disease recurrence and survival in newly diagnosed breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2012,14(5):R133.
31.	Cristofanilli M,Budd GT,Ellis MJ,et al.Circulating tumor cells,disease progression,and survival in metastatic breast cancer[J]. N Engl J Med,2004,351(8):781-791.
32.	Zach O,Lutz D.Tumor cell detection in peripheral blood and bone marrow[J]. Curr Opin Oncol,2006,18(1):48-56.
33.	Müller V,Hayes DF,Pantel K.Recent translational research:circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2006,8(5):110.
34.	Hayes DF,Cristofanilli M,Budd GT,et al.Circulating tumor cells at each follow-up time point during therapy of metastatic breast cancer patients predict progression-free and overall survival[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2006,12(14 Pt 1):4218-4224.
35.	Beveridge R.Circulating tumor cells in the management of metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. Community Oncol,2007, 4(2):79-82.
36.	Giordano A,Giuliano M,De Laurentiis M,et al.Circulating tumor cells in immunohistochemical subtypes of metastatic breast cancer:lack of prediction in HER2-positive disease treated with targeted therapy[J]. Ann Oncol,2012,23(5):1144-1150.
37.	Turker I, Uyeturk U, Sonmez OU, et al.Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients:prognostic predictive role[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(3):1601-1607.
38.	Munzone E,Botteri E,Sandri MT,et al.Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells according to immunohistochemically defined molecular subtypes in advanced breast cancer[J]. Clin Breast Cancer,2012,12(5):340-346.
39.	Wallwiener M,Hartkopf AD,Baccelli I,et al.The prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells in subtypes of metastatic breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat,2013,137(2):503-510.
40.	Liu Y,Liu Q,Wang T,et al.Circulating tumor cells in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients:a valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker[J]. BMC Cancer,2013,23(13):202.
41.	Bidard FC,Fehm T,Ignatiadis M,et al.Clinical application of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer:overview of the current interventional trials[J]. Cancer Metastasis Rev,2013,32(1-2):179-188.
42.	Alemar J,Schuur ER.Progress in using circulating tumor cell information to improve metastatic breast cancer therapy[J]. J Oncol,2013,2013:702732.
43.	Pachmann K,Camara O,Kavallaris A,et al.Quantification of the response of circulating epithelial cells to neodadjuvant treatment for breast cancer:a new tool for therapy monitoring[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2005,7(6):R975-R979.
44.	Pierga JY,Bidard FC,Mathiot C,et al.Circulating tumor cell detection predicts early metastatic relapse after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in large operable and locally advanced breast cancer in a phase Ⅱ randomized trial[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2008,14(21):7004-7010.
45.	Ignatiadis M,Xenidis N,Perraki M,et al.Different prognostic value of cytokeratin-19 mRNA positive circulating tumor cells according to estrogen receptor and HER2 status in early-stage breast cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2007,25(33):5194-5202.
46.	Pachmann K,Camara O,Kavallaris A,et al.Monitoring the response of circulating epithelial tumor cells to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer allows detection of patients at risk of early relapse[J]. J Clin Oncol,2008,26(8):1208-1215.
47.	Rack BK,Schindlbeck C,Schneeweiss A,et al.Prognostic relevance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy:The German SUCCESS-Trial[J]. J Clin Oncol,2008,26(Suppl 15):503.
48.	Gradilone A,Naso G,Raimondi C,et al.Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC):prognosis,drug resistance and phenotypic characterization[J]. Ann Oncol, 2011,22(1):86-92.
49.	Meng S,Tripathy D,Shete S,et al.HER-2 gene amplification can be acquired as breast cancer progresses[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2004,101(25):9393-9398.
50.	Fehm T,Müller V,Aktas B,et al.HER2 status of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer:a prospective, multicenter trial[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2010, 124(2):403-412.
51.	Patil R,Clifton GT,Holmes JP,et al.Clinical and immunologic responses of HLA-A3+ breast cancer patients vaccinated with the HER2/neu-derived peptide vaccine,E75,in a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial[J]. J Am Coll Surg,2010,210(2):140-147.
52.	Pachmann K,Camara O,Kohlhase A,et al.Assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy using circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETC):the example of SERM therapy monitoring as a unique tool to individualize therapy[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2011,137(5):821-828.
53.	Xenidis N,Markos V,Apostolaki S,et al.Clinical relevance of circulating CK-19 mRNA-positive cells detected during the adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in patients with early breast cancer[J]. Ann Oncol,2007,18(10):1623-1631.
54.	Krishnamurthy S,Bischoff F,Ann Mayer J,et al.Discordance in HER2 gene amplification in circulating and disseminated tumor cells in patients with operable breast cancer[J]. Cancer Med, 2013,2(2):226-233.
55.	Babayan A,Hannemann J,Spötter J,et al.Heterogeneity of estrogen receptor expression in circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. PLoS One,2013,8(9):e75038.
56.	Ignatiadis M,Rothé F,Chaboteaux C,et al.HER2-positive circulating tumor cells in breast cancer[J]. PLoS One,2011, 6(1):e15624.
57.	Nadal R,Fernandez A,Sanchez-Rovira P,et al.Biomarkers characterization of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer patients[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2012,14(3):R71.
58.	Dupont Jensen J,Laenkholm AV,Knoop A,et al.PIK3CA mutations may be discordant between primary and corresponding metastatic disease in breast cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2011, 17(4):667-677.
59.	Aktas B,Müller V,Tewes M,et al.Comparison of estrogen and progesterone receptor status of circulating tumor cells and the primary tumor in metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. Gynecol Oncol,2011,122(2):356-360.
60.	Lianidou ES,Mavroudis D,Georgoulias V.Clinical challenges in the molecular characterization of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer[J]. Br J Cancer,2013,108(12):2426-2432.
61.	Lianidou ES,Markou A,Strati A.Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer:challenges and promises for individualized cancer treatment[J]. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 2012,31(3-4):663-671.
62.	Budd GT,Cristofanilli M,Ellis MJ,et al.Circulating tumor cells versus imaging-predicting overall survival in metastatic breast cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2006,12(21):6403-6409.
63.	Nakamura S,Yagata H,Ohno S,et al.Multi-center study evaluating circulating tumor cells as a surrogate for response to treatment and overall survival in metastatic breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer,2010,17(3):199-204.
64.	Liu MC,Shields PG,Warren RD,et al.Circulating tumor cells:a useful predictor of treatment efficacy in metastatic breast cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2009,27(31):5153-5159.
65.	Cristofanilli M,Broglio KR,Guarneri V,et al.Circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer:biologic staging beyond tumor burden[J]. Clin Breast Cancer,2007,7(6):471-479.
66.	Pierga JY,Hajage D,Bachelot T,et al.High independent prognostic and predictive value of circulating tumor cells compared with serum tumor markers in a large prospective trial in first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. Ann Oncol,2012,23(3):618-624.
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1. Siegel R,Naishadham D,Jemal A.Cancer statistics,2013[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2013,63(1):11-30.
2. Alix-Panabières C,Pantel K.Circulating tumor cells:liquid biopsy of cancer[J]. Clin Chem,2013,59(1):110-118.
3. Reid AH,Attard G,Danila DC,et al.Significant and sustained antitumor activity in post-docetaxel,castration-resistant prostate cancer with the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate[J]. J Clin Oncol,2010,28(9):1489-1495.
4. Hayashi N,Nakamura S,Tokuda Y,et al.Prognostic value of HER2-positive circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer[J]. Int J Clin Oncol,2012,17(2):96-104.
5. Liska V,Holubec L,Treska V,et al.Evaluation of tumour markers as differential diagnostic tool in patients with suspicion of liver metastases from breast cancer[J]. Anticancer Res, 2011,31(4):1447-1451.
6. De Giorgi U,Valero V,Rohren E,et al.Circulating tumor cells and[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for outcome prediction in metastatic breast cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2009,27(20):3303-3311.
7. Graves H,Czerniecki BJ.Circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients:an evolving role in patient prognosis and disease progression[J]. Patholog Res Int,2011,2011:621090.
8. Langley RR,Fidler IJ.The seed and soil hypothesis revisited- the role of tumor-stroma interactions in metastasis to different organs[J]. Int J Cancer,2011,128(11):2527-2535.
9. Ashworth TR.A case of cancer in which cells similar to those in the tumors were seen in the blood after death[J]. Aust Med J, 1986,14:146-149.
10. 钱六七.乳腺癌血清肿瘤标志物和循环肿瘤细胞检测的研究进展[J]. 肿瘤研究与临床,2012,24(12):852-855.
11. Strati A,Kasimir-Bauer S,Markou A,et al.Comparison of three molecular assays for the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2013,15(2):R20.
12. Galanzha EI,Zharov VP.Circulating tumor cell detection and capture by photoacoustic flow cytometry in vivo and ex vivo[J]. Cancers (Basel),2013,5(4):1691-1738.
13. Yusa A,Toneri M,Masuda T,et al.Development of a new rapid isolation device for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using 3D palladium filter and its application for genetic analysis[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(2):e88821.
14. Peeters DJ,De Laere B,Van den Eynden GG,et al.Semiautomated isolation and molecular characterisation of single or highly purified tumour cells from Cell Search enriched blood samples using dielectrophoretic cell sorting[J]. Br J Cancer,2013, 108(6):1358-1367.
15. Lin HK,Zheng S,Williams AJ,et al.Portable filter-based microdevice for detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2010,16(20):5011-5018.
16. Cho EH,Wendel M,Luttgen M,et al.Characterization of circulating tumor cell aggregates identified in patients with epithelial tumors[J]. Phys Biol,2012,9(1):016001.
17. Riethdorf S,Müller V,Zhang L,et al.Detection and HER2 expression of circulating tumor cells:prospective monitoring in breast cancer patients treated in the neoadjuvant GeparQuattro trial[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2010,16(9):2634-2645.
18. Apostolaki S,Perraki M,Kallergi G,et al.Detection of occult HER2 mRNA-positive tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with operable breast cancer:evaluation of their prognostic relevance[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat,2009,117(3):525-534.
19. Bidard FC,Mathiot C,Delaloge S,et al.Single circulating tumor cell detection and overall survival in nonmetastatic breast cancer[J]. Ann Oncol,2010,21(4):729-733.
20. Sandri MT,Zorzino L,Cassatella MC,et al.Changes in circulating tumor cell detection in patients with localized breast cancer before and after surgery[J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2010,17(6):1539-1545.
21. Lang JL,Mosalpuria K,Cristofanilli M,et al.HER2 status predicts the presence of circulating tumor cells in patients with operable breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat,2009, 113(3):501-507.
22. Ferro P,Franceschini MC,Bacigalupo B,et al.Detection of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer patients using human mammaglobin RT-PCR:association with clinical prognostic factors[J]. Anticancer Res,2010,30(6):2377-2382.
23. Krishnamurthy S,Cristofanilli M,Singh B,et al.Detection of minimal residual disease in blood and bone marrow in early stage breast cancer[J]. Cancer,2010,116(14):3330-3337.
24. Rack BK,Schindlbeck C,Andergassen U,et al.Use of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy to predict risk for relapse:The SUCCESS trial[J]. J Clin Oncol,2010,28 Suppl 15:1003-1009.
25. Wülfing P,Borchard J,Buerger H,et al.HER2-positive circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ breast cancer patients[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2006,12(6):1715-1720.
26. Ignatiadis M,Kallergi G,Ntoulia M,et al.Prognostic value of the molecular detection of circulating tumor cells using a multimarker reverse transcription-PCR assay for cytokeratin 19, mammaglobin A,and HER2 in early breast cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2008,14(9):2593-2600.
27. Molloy TJ,Devriese LA,Helgason HH,et al.A multimarker QPCR-based platform for the detection of circulating tumour cells in patients with early-stage breast cancer[J]. Br J Cancer, 2011,104(12):1913-1919.
28. Saloustros E,Perraki M,Apostolaki S,et al.Cytokeratin-19 mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells during follow-up of patients with operable breast cancer:prognostic relevance for late relapse[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2011,13(3):R60.
29. Lucci A,Hall CS,Lodhi AK,et al.Circulating tumour cells in non-metastatic breast cancer:a prospective study[J]. Lancet Oncol,2012,13(7):688-695.
30. Franken B,de Groot MR,Mastboom WJ,et al.Circulating tumor cells,disease recurrence and survival in newly diagnosed breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2012,14(5):R133.
31. Cristofanilli M,Budd GT,Ellis MJ,et al.Circulating tumor cells,disease progression,and survival in metastatic breast cancer[J]. N Engl J Med,2004,351(8):781-791.
32. Zach O,Lutz D.Tumor cell detection in peripheral blood and bone marrow[J]. Curr Opin Oncol,2006,18(1):48-56.
33. Müller V,Hayes DF,Pantel K.Recent translational research:circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2006,8(5):110.
34. Hayes DF,Cristofanilli M,Budd GT,et al.Circulating tumor cells at each follow-up time point during therapy of metastatic breast cancer patients predict progression-free and overall survival[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2006,12(14 Pt 1):4218-4224.
35. Beveridge R.Circulating tumor cells in the management of metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. Community Oncol,2007, 4(2):79-82.
36. Giordano A,Giuliano M,De Laurentiis M,et al.Circulating tumor cells in immunohistochemical subtypes of metastatic breast cancer:lack of prediction in HER2-positive disease treated with targeted therapy[J]. Ann Oncol,2012,23(5):1144-1150.
37. Turker I, Uyeturk U, Sonmez OU, et al.Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients:prognostic predictive role[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(3):1601-1607.
38. Munzone E,Botteri E,Sandri MT,et al.Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells according to immunohistochemically defined molecular subtypes in advanced breast cancer[J]. Clin Breast Cancer,2012,12(5):340-346.
39. Wallwiener M,Hartkopf AD,Baccelli I,et al.The prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells in subtypes of metastatic breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat,2013,137(2):503-510.
40. Liu Y,Liu Q,Wang T,et al.Circulating tumor cells in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients:a valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker[J]. BMC Cancer,2013,23(13):202.
41. Bidard FC,Fehm T,Ignatiadis M,et al.Clinical application of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer:overview of the current interventional trials[J]. Cancer Metastasis Rev,2013,32(1-2):179-188.
42. Alemar J,Schuur ER.Progress in using circulating tumor cell information to improve metastatic breast cancer therapy[J]. J Oncol,2013,2013:702732.
43. Pachmann K,Camara O,Kavallaris A,et al.Quantification of the response of circulating epithelial cells to neodadjuvant treatment for breast cancer:a new tool for therapy monitoring[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2005,7(6):R975-R979.
44. Pierga JY,Bidard FC,Mathiot C,et al.Circulating tumor cell detection predicts early metastatic relapse after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in large operable and locally advanced breast cancer in a phase Ⅱ randomized trial[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2008,14(21):7004-7010.
45. Ignatiadis M,Xenidis N,Perraki M,et al.Different prognostic value of cytokeratin-19 mRNA positive circulating tumor cells according to estrogen receptor and HER2 status in early-stage breast cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2007,25(33):5194-5202.
46. Pachmann K,Camara O,Kavallaris A,et al.Monitoring the response of circulating epithelial tumor cells to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer allows detection of patients at risk of early relapse[J]. J Clin Oncol,2008,26(8):1208-1215.
47. Rack BK,Schindlbeck C,Schneeweiss A,et al.Prognostic relevance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy:The German SUCCESS-Trial[J]. J Clin Oncol,2008,26(Suppl 15):503.
48. Gradilone A,Naso G,Raimondi C,et al.Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC):prognosis,drug resistance and phenotypic characterization[J]. Ann Oncol, 2011,22(1):86-92.
49. Meng S,Tripathy D,Shete S,et al.HER-2 gene amplification can be acquired as breast cancer progresses[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2004,101(25):9393-9398.
50. Fehm T,Müller V,Aktas B,et al.HER2 status of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer:a prospective, multicenter trial[J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2010, 124(2):403-412.
51. Patil R,Clifton GT,Holmes JP,et al.Clinical and immunologic responses of HLA-A3+ breast cancer patients vaccinated with the HER2/neu-derived peptide vaccine,E75,in a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial[J]. J Am Coll Surg,2010,210(2):140-147.
52. Pachmann K,Camara O,Kohlhase A,et al.Assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy using circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETC):the example of SERM therapy monitoring as a unique tool to individualize therapy[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2011,137(5):821-828.
53. Xenidis N,Markos V,Apostolaki S,et al.Clinical relevance of circulating CK-19 mRNA-positive cells detected during the adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in patients with early breast cancer[J]. Ann Oncol,2007,18(10):1623-1631.
54. Krishnamurthy S,Bischoff F,Ann Mayer J,et al.Discordance in HER2 gene amplification in circulating and disseminated tumor cells in patients with operable breast cancer[J]. Cancer Med, 2013,2(2):226-233.
55. Babayan A,Hannemann J,Spötter J,et al.Heterogeneity of estrogen receptor expression in circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. PLoS One,2013,8(9):e75038.
56. Ignatiadis M,Rothé F,Chaboteaux C,et al.HER2-positive circulating tumor cells in breast cancer[J]. PLoS One,2011, 6(1):e15624.
57. Nadal R,Fernandez A,Sanchez-Rovira P,et al.Biomarkers characterization of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer patients[J]. Breast Cancer Res,2012,14(3):R71.
58. Dupont Jensen J,Laenkholm AV,Knoop A,et al.PIK3CA mutations may be discordant between primary and corresponding metastatic disease in breast cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2011, 17(4):667-677.
59. Aktas B,Müller V,Tewes M,et al.Comparison of estrogen and progesterone receptor status of circulating tumor cells and the primary tumor in metastatic breast cancer patients[J]. Gynecol Oncol,2011,122(2):356-360.
60. Lianidou ES,Mavroudis D,Georgoulias V.Clinical challenges in the molecular characterization of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer[J]. Br J Cancer,2013,108(12):2426-2432.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

The Advances of Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer

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