Research Progress of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 WANG Man-jin ,  FENG Rui-fa

Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin 541001, Guangxi Province, China;

Corresponding author：

FENG Rui-fa, Email: c71339@qq.com

Keywords：

Breast cancer; Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Axillary lymph node dissection; Pathological examination; Review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20140378

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize the current situation and progress of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer. Methods Domestic and foreign documents related SLNB in breast cancer in recent years were collected to summaize some problems about the definition, indications, biopsy techniques, improvement methods of the detection rate, the pathological examinations of sentinel lymph node (SLN), the types of metastasis, clinical applications of SLNB technology in breast cancer, and so on. Results The indications of SLNB were expanding. The development of the tracer, imaging examination, and pathological detection technology contributed to the status assessment of SLN in breast cancer. The operation method of SLNB in breast cancer had no uniform standards yet. There were many arguments on whether SLNB can guide axillary lymph node dissection, and the detection rate and the false negative rate of it varied widely. Conclusions SLNB technology has became an important method in the surgical therapy of breast cancer, but the operation still needs to be further standardized. The clinical application of SLNB also needs a lot of prospective multicenter randomized experiments for further demonstration.

Citation： WANG Man-jin, FENG Rui-fa. Research Progress of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(12): 1587-1592. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140378 Copy

1.	Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al.Global cancer statistics[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2011, 61(2):69-90.
2.	Soltesz EG, Kim S, Laurence RG, et al.Intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping of the lung using near-infrared fluorescent quantum dots[J].Ann Thorac Surg, 2005, 79(1):269-277.
3.	Theriault RL, Carlson RW, Allred C, et al.Breast cancer, ver-sion 3.2013:featured updates to the NCCN guidelines[J].J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2013, 11(7):753-760.
4.	Goldhirsch A, Ingle JN, Gelber RD, et al.Thresholds for therapies:highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2009[J].Ann Oncol, 2009, 20(8):1319-1329.
5.	Lyman GH, Giuliano AE, Somerfield MR, et al.American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(30):7703-7720.
6.	中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会.中国抗癌协会乳腺癌诊治指南与规范(2013版)[J].中国癌症杂志, 2013, 23(8):637-693.
7.	Kothari MS, Rusby JE, Agusti AA, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy after previous axillary surgery:a review[J].Eur J Surg Oncol, 2012, 38(1):8-15.
8.	Marti JL, Ayo D, Levine P, et al.Nonimage-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of palpable axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients[J].Breast J, 2012, 18(1):3-7.
9.	Nasser SM, Smith SG, Chagpar AB.The role of sentinel node biopsy in women undergoing prophylactic mastectomy[J].J Surg Res, 2010, 164(2):188-192.
10.	Czyszczon IA, Roland L, Sahoo S.Routine prophylactic sentinel lymph node biopsy is not indicated in women undergoing prophylactic mastectomy[J].J Surg Oncol, 2012, 105(7):650-654.
11.	Bear HD.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer:individualizing locoregional and systemic therapy[J].Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2010, 19(3):607-626.
12.	Jeruss JS, Newman LA, Ayers GD, et al.Factors predicting additional disease in the axilla in patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy[J].Cancer, 2008, 112(12):2646-2654.
13.	Rebollo-Aguirre AC, Gallego-Peinado M, Sánchez-Sánchez R, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes at initial diagnosis[J].Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular, 2013, 32(4):240-245.
14.	Classe JM, Bordes V, Campion L, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer:results of Ganglion Sentinelle et Chimiotherapie Neoadjuvante, a French prospective multicentric study[J].J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(5):726-732.
15.	Moody LC, Wen X, Mcknight T, et al.Indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer[J].Surgery, 2012, 152(3):389-396.
16.	Zetterlund L, Stemme S, Arnrup H, et al.Incidence of and risk factors for sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ[J].Br J Surg, 2014, 101(5):488-494.
17.	Intra M, Rotmensz N, Veronesi P, et al.Sentinel node biopsy is not a standard procedure in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast:the experience of the European institute of oncology on 854 pati-ents in 10 years[J].Ann Surg, 2008, 247(2):315-319.
18.	Gentilini O, Cremonesi M, Toesca A, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant patients with breast cancer[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010, 37(1):78-83.
19.	Boughey JC, Bedrosian I, Meric-Bernstam F, et al.Comparative analysis of sentinel lymph node operation in male and female breast cancer patients[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2006, 203(4):475-480.
20.	Colfry AJ.Miscellaneous syndromes and their management:occult breast cancer, breast cancer in pregnancy, male breast cancer, surgery in stageⅣdisease[J].Surg Clin North Am, 2013, 93(2):519-531.
21.	Straalman K, Kristoffersen US, Galatius H, et al.Factors influencing sentinel lymph node identification failure in breast cancer surgery[J].Breast, 2008, 17(2):167-171.
22.	Cox CE, Dupont E, Whitehead GF, et al.Age and body mass index may increase the chance of failure in sentinel lymph node biopsy for women with breast cancer[J].Breast J, 2002, 8(2):88-91.
23.	左文述, 于志勇, 郑刚.乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检研究的现状与展望[J].外科理论与实践, 2011, 16(1):14-18.
24.	Caudle AS, Yi M, Hoffman KE, et al.Impact of identification of internal mammary sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2014, 21(1):60-65.
25.	Asoglu O, Ozmen V, Karanlik H, et al.The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy with blue dye alone in breast cancer patients with excisional biopsy[J].Acta Chir Belg, 2005, 105(3):291-296.
26.	孙轩, 葛洁, 曹旭晨.纳米炭与美兰在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用[J].天津医药, 2013, 41(8):828-829.
27.	卢振铎, 刘真真, 杨辉, 等.核素标记法联合亚甲蓝在早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用价值[J].肿瘤学杂志, 2012, 18(8):602-604.
28.	Varghese P, Mostafa A, Abdel-Rahman AT, et al.Methylene blue dye versus combined dye-radioactive tracer technique for sentinel lymph node localisation in early breast cancer[J].Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33(2):147-152.
29.	Guo W, Zhang L, Ji J, et al.Breast cancer sentinel lymph node mapping using near-infrared guided indocyanine green in comparison with blue dye[J].Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(4):3073-3078.
30.	Verbeek FP, Troyan SL, Mieog JS, et al.Near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer:a multicenter experience[J].Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2014, 143(2):333-342.
31.	周国庆, 郑冬梅, 崔保国, 等.亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的方法及意义[J].中国现代普通外科进展, 2013, 16(4):322-324.
32.	Aliakbarian M, Memar B, Jangjoo A, et al.Factors influencing the time of sentinel node visualization in breast cancer patients using intradermal injection of the radiotracer[J].Am J Surg, 2011, 202(2):199-202.
33.	Krishnamurthy S, Meric-Bernstam F, Lucci A, et al.A prospec-tive study comparing touch imprint cytology, frozen section analysis, and rapid cytokeratin immunostain for intraoperative evaluation of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer[J].Cancer, 2009, 115(7):1555-1562.
34.	Weaver DL, Krag DN, Ashikaga T, et al.Pathologic analysis of sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma:a multicenter study[J].Cancer, 2000, 88(5):1099-1107.
35.	席晨辉, 庄大勇, 郑鲁明, 等.术中冰冻切片联合快速免疫组织化学染色检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移的临床研究[J/CD].中华乳腺病杂志:电子版, 2011, 5(4):408-418.
36.	Osako T, Iwase T, Kimura K, et al.Intraoperative molecular assay for sentinel lymph node metastases in early stage breast cancer:a comparative analysis between one-step nucleic acid amp-lification whole node assay and routine frozen section histology[J].Cancer, 2011, 117(19):4365-4374.
37.	刘裔莎, 魏兵, 杨雯娟, 等.美国癌症联合会乳腺癌分期(第七版)简介[J].中华病理学杂志, 2010, 39(11):787-790.
38.	陈鹏, 王永胜.前哨淋巴结活检的最新进展[J/CD].中华普外科手术学杂志:电子版, 2011, 5(4):444-448.
39.	Terrier C, Tariel O, Coutant C, et al.Comparison of three models to predict non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes:a retrospective study of 77 patients[J].J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris), 2012, 41(3):227-234.
40.	Sasada T, Murakami S, Kataoka T, et al.Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Nomogram to predict the risk of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in Japanese breast cancer patients[J].Surg Today, 2012, 42(3):245-249.
41.	Cordero García JM, Palomar Muñoz A, Delgado Portela M, et al.Prevalence of micrometastases and isolated tumor cells in the sentinel node at early stage breast cancer[J].Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol, 2012, 31(2):78-82.
42.	Galimberti V, Botteri E, Chifu C, et al.Can we avoid axillary dissection in the micrometastatic sentinel node in breast cancer?[J].Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2012, 131(3):819-825.
43.	Madsen EV, Elias SG, Van Dalen T, et al.Predictive factors of isolated tumor cells and micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer[J].Breast, 2013, 22(5):748-752.
44.	Joyce DP, Solon JG, Prichard RS, et al.Is there a requirement for axillary lymph node dissection following identification of micro-metastasis or isolated tumour cells at sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer?[J].Surgeon, 2012, 10(6):326-329.
45.	王永胜.乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检:共识与展望[J].中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009, 16(7):505-509.
46.	Yi M, Kuerer HM, Mittendorf EA, et al.Impact of the American college of surgeons oncology group Z0011 criteria applied to a contemporary patient population[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2013, 216(1):105-113.
47.	Shah-Khan M, Boughey JC.Evolution of axillary nodal staging in breast cancer:clinical implications of the ACOSOG Z0011 trial[J].Cancer Control, 2012, 19(4):267-276.

1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al.Global cancer statistics[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2011, 61(2):69-90.
2. Soltesz EG, Kim S, Laurence RG, et al.Intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping of the lung using near-infrared fluorescent quantum dots[J].Ann Thorac Surg, 2005, 79(1):269-277.
3. Theriault RL, Carlson RW, Allred C, et al.Breast cancer, ver-sion 3.2013:featured updates to the NCCN guidelines[J].J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2013, 11(7):753-760.
4. Goldhirsch A, Ingle JN, Gelber RD, et al.Thresholds for therapies:highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2009[J].Ann Oncol, 2009, 20(8):1319-1329.
5. Lyman GH, Giuliano AE, Somerfield MR, et al.American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(30):7703-7720.
6. 中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会.中国抗癌协会乳腺癌诊治指南与规范(2013版)[J].中国癌症杂志, 2013, 23(8):637-693.
7. Kothari MS, Rusby JE, Agusti AA, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy after previous axillary surgery:a review[J].Eur J Surg Oncol, 2012, 38(1):8-15.
8. Marti JL, Ayo D, Levine P, et al.Nonimage-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of palpable axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients[J].Breast J, 2012, 18(1):3-7.
9. Nasser SM, Smith SG, Chagpar AB.The role of sentinel node biopsy in women undergoing prophylactic mastectomy[J].J Surg Res, 2010, 164(2):188-192.
10. Czyszczon IA, Roland L, Sahoo S.Routine prophylactic sentinel lymph node biopsy is not indicated in women undergoing prophylactic mastectomy[J].J Surg Oncol, 2012, 105(7):650-654.
11. Bear HD.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer:individualizing locoregional and systemic therapy[J].Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2010, 19(3):607-626.
12. Jeruss JS, Newman LA, Ayers GD, et al.Factors predicting additional disease in the axilla in patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy[J].Cancer, 2008, 112(12):2646-2654.
13. Rebollo-Aguirre AC, Gallego-Peinado M, Sánchez-Sánchez R, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes at initial diagnosis[J].Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular, 2013, 32(4):240-245.
14. Classe JM, Bordes V, Campion L, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer:results of Ganglion Sentinelle et Chimiotherapie Neoadjuvante, a French prospective multicentric study[J].J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(5):726-732.
15. Moody LC, Wen X, Mcknight T, et al.Indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer[J].Surgery, 2012, 152(3):389-396.
16. Zetterlund L, Stemme S, Arnrup H, et al.Incidence of and risk factors for sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ[J].Br J Surg, 2014, 101(5):488-494.
17. Intra M, Rotmensz N, Veronesi P, et al.Sentinel node biopsy is not a standard procedure in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast:the experience of the European institute of oncology on 854 pati-ents in 10 years[J].Ann Surg, 2008, 247(2):315-319.
18. Gentilini O, Cremonesi M, Toesca A, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant patients with breast cancer[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010, 37(1):78-83.
19. Boughey JC, Bedrosian I, Meric-Bernstam F, et al.Comparative analysis of sentinel lymph node operation in male and female breast cancer patients[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2006, 203(4):475-480.
20. Colfry AJ.Miscellaneous syndromes and their management:occult breast cancer, breast cancer in pregnancy, male breast cancer, surgery in stageⅣdisease[J].Surg Clin North Am, 2013, 93(2):519-531.
21. Straalman K, Kristoffersen US, Galatius H, et al.Factors influencing sentinel lymph node identification failure in breast cancer surgery[J].Breast, 2008, 17(2):167-171.
22. Cox CE, Dupont E, Whitehead GF, et al.Age and body mass index may increase the chance of failure in sentinel lymph node biopsy for women with breast cancer[J].Breast J, 2002, 8(2):88-91.
23. 左文述, 于志勇, 郑刚.乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检研究的现状与展望[J].外科理论与实践, 2011, 16(1):14-18.
24. Caudle AS, Yi M, Hoffman KE, et al.Impact of identification of internal mammary sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2014, 21(1):60-65.
25. Asoglu O, Ozmen V, Karanlik H, et al.The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy with blue dye alone in breast cancer patients with excisional biopsy[J].Acta Chir Belg, 2005, 105(3):291-296.
26. 孙轩, 葛洁, 曹旭晨.纳米炭与美兰在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用[J].天津医药, 2013, 41(8):828-829.
27. 卢振铎, 刘真真, 杨辉, 等.核素标记法联合亚甲蓝在早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用价值[J].肿瘤学杂志, 2012, 18(8):602-604.
28. Varghese P, Mostafa A, Abdel-Rahman AT, et al.Methylene blue dye versus combined dye-radioactive tracer technique for sentinel lymph node localisation in early breast cancer[J].Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33(2):147-152.
29. Guo W, Zhang L, Ji J, et al.Breast cancer sentinel lymph node mapping using near-infrared guided indocyanine green in comparison with blue dye[J].Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(4):3073-3078.
30. Verbeek FP, Troyan SL, Mieog JS, et al.Near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer:a multicenter experience[J].Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2014, 143(2):333-342.
31. 周国庆, 郑冬梅, 崔保国, 等.亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的方法及意义[J].中国现代普通外科进展, 2013, 16(4):322-324.
32. Aliakbarian M, Memar B, Jangjoo A, et al.Factors influencing the time of sentinel node visualization in breast cancer patients using intradermal injection of the radiotracer[J].Am J Surg, 2011, 202(2):199-202.
33. Krishnamurthy S, Meric-Bernstam F, Lucci A, et al.A prospec-tive study comparing touch imprint cytology, frozen section analysis, and rapid cytokeratin immunostain for intraoperative evaluation of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer[J].Cancer, 2009, 115(7):1555-1562.
34. Weaver DL, Krag DN, Ashikaga T, et al.Pathologic analysis of sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma:a multicenter study[J].Cancer, 2000, 88(5):1099-1107.
35. 席晨辉, 庄大勇, 郑鲁明, 等.术中冰冻切片联合快速免疫组织化学染色检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移的临床研究[J/CD].中华乳腺病杂志:电子版, 2011, 5(4):408-418.
36. Osako T, Iwase T, Kimura K, et al.Intraoperative molecular assay for sentinel lymph node metastases in early stage breast cancer:a comparative analysis between one-step nucleic acid amp-lification whole node assay and routine frozen section histology[J].Cancer, 2011, 117(19):4365-4374.
37. 刘裔莎, 魏兵, 杨雯娟, 等.美国癌症联合会乳腺癌分期(第七版)简介[J].中华病理学杂志, 2010, 39(11):787-790.
38. 陈鹏, 王永胜.前哨淋巴结活检的最新进展[J/CD].中华普外科手术学杂志:电子版, 2011, 5(4):444-448.
39. Terrier C, Tariel O, Coutant C, et al.Comparison of three models to predict non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes:a retrospective study of 77 patients[J].J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris), 2012, 41(3):227-234.
40. Sasada T, Murakami S, Kataoka T, et al.Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Nomogram to predict the risk of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in Japanese breast cancer patients[J].Surg Today, 2012, 42(3):245-249.
41. Cordero García JM, Palomar Muñoz A, Delgado Portela M, et al.Prevalence of micrometastases and isolated tumor cells in the sentinel node at early stage breast cancer[J].Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol, 2012, 31(2):78-82.
42. Galimberti V, Botteri E, Chifu C, et al.Can we avoid axillary dissection in the micrometastatic sentinel node in breast cancer?[J].Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2012, 131(3):819-825.
43. Madsen EV, Elias SG, Van Dalen T, et al.Predictive factors of isolated tumor cells and micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer[J].Breast, 2013, 22(5):748-752.
44. Joyce DP, Solon JG, Prichard RS, et al.Is there a requirement for axillary lymph node dissection following identification of micro-metastasis or isolated tumour cells at sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer?[J].Surgeon, 2012, 10(6):326-329.
45. 王永胜.乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检:共识与展望[J].中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009, 16(7):505-509.
46. Yi M, Kuerer HM, Mittendorf EA, et al.Impact of the American college of surgeons oncology group Z0011 criteria applied to a contemporary patient population[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2013, 216(1):105-113.
47. Shah-Khan M, Boughey JC.Evolution of axillary nodal staging in breast cancer:clinical implications of the ACOSOG Z0011 trial[J].Cancer Control, 2012, 19(4):267-276.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Research Progress of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer

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