Citation: CHEN Hong, LI Fei. Perioperative nutritional management in electively gastrointestinal surgery. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2017, 24(9): 1150-1155. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201611094 Copy
1. | Holst M, Rasmussen HH, Irtun O. Advances in clinical nutrition in GI surgery. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 9(4): 467-473. |
2. | Braga M, Ljungqvist O, Soeters P, et al. ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: surgery. Clin Nutr, 2009, 28(4): 378-386. |
3. | Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg, 2002, 183(6): 630-641. |
4. | Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Dejong CH, et al. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr, 2010, 29(4): 434-440. |
5. | 中国加速康复外科专家组. 中国加速康复外科围手术期管理专家共识(2016). 中华外科杂志, 2016, 54(6): 413-418. |
6. | 陈宏, 李非, 贾建国, 等. 择期腹部手术后胰岛素抵抗相关因素研究. 中国实用外科杂志, 2009, 29(5): 428-430. |
7. | Awad S, Fearon KC, Macdonald IA, et al. A randomized cross-over study of the metabolic and hormonal responses following two preoperative conditioning drinks. Nutrition, 2011, 27(9): 938-942. |
8. | Zhong JX, Kang K, Shu XL. Effect of nutritional support on clinical outcomes in perioperative malnourished patients: a meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015, 24(3): 367-378. |
9. | Benoist S, Brouquet A. Nutritional assessment and screening for malnutrition. J Visc Surg, 2015, 152 Suppl 1: S3-S7. |
10. | Hébuterne X, Lemarié E, Michallet M, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition and current use of nutrition support in patients with cancer. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(2): 196-204. |
11. | Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Arch Surg, 2009, 144(10): 961-969. |
12. | Chambrier C, Sztark F, Société Francophone de nutrition clinique et métabolisme (SFNEP), et al. French clinical guidelines on perioperative nutrition. Update of the 1994 consensus conference on perioperative artificial nutrition for elective surgery in adults. J Visc Surg, 2012, 149(5): e325-e336. |
13. | Detsky AS, Baker JP, O’Rourke K, et al. Predicting nutrition-associated complications for patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1987, 11(5): 440-446. |
14. | Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, et al. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr, 2003, 22(4): 415-421. |
15. | Reilly HM, Martineau JK, Moran A, et al. Nutritional screening—evaluation and implementation of a simple Nutrition Risk Score. Clin Nutr, 1995, 14(5): 269-273. |
16. | Wolinsky FD, Coe RM, McIntosh WA, et al. Progress in the development of a nutritional risk index. J Nutr, 1990, 120 Suppl 11: 1549-1553. |
17. | Schiesser M, Kirchhoff P, Muller MK, et al. The correlation of nutrition risk index, nutrition risk score, and bioimpedance analysis with postoperative complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Surgery, 2009, 145(5): 519-526. |
18. | Schwegler I, von Holzen A, Gutzwiller JP, et al. Nutritional risk is a clinical predictor of postoperative mortality and morbidity in surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(1): 92-97. |
19. | Guo W, Ou G, Li X, et al. Screening of the nutritional risk of patients with gastric carcinoma before operation by NRS 2002 and its relationship with postoperative results. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010, 25(4): 800-803. |
20. | Rosania R, Chiapponi C, Malfertheiner P, et al. Nutrition in Patients with Gastric Cancer: An Update. Gastrointest Tumors, 2016, 2(4): 178-187. |
21. | Palermo NE, Gianchandani RY, McDonnell ME, et al. Stress Hyperglycemia During Surgery and Anesthesia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications. Curr Diab Rep, 2016, 16(3): 33. |
22. | Schricker T, Lattermann R. Perioperative catabolism. Can J Anaesth, 2015, 62(2): 182-193. |
23. | Gustafsson UO, Thorell A, Soop M, et al. Haemoglobin A1c as a predictor of postoperative hyperglycaemia and complications after major colorectal surgery. Br J Surg, 2009, 96(11): 1358-1364. |
24. | Ljungqvist O. Insulin resistance and outcomes in surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010, 95(9): 4217-4219. |
25. | van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med, 2001, 345(19): 1359-1367. |
26. | Krinsley JS. Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients. Mayo Clin Proc, 2004, 79(8): 992-1000. |
27. | Carvalho G, Lattermann R, Codere-Maruyama T, et al. Glucose and insulin administration while maintaining normoglycemia: the GIN concept. Minerva Anestesiol, 2013, 79(1): 74-82. |
28. | NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(13): 1283-1297. |
29. | Lipshutz AK, Gropper MA. Perioperative glycemic control: an evidence-based review. Anesthesiology, 2009, 110(2): 408-421. |
30. | Landoni G, Pisano A, Lomivorotov V, et al. Randomized Evidence for Reduction of Perioperative Mortality: An Updated Consensus Process. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2017, 31(2): 719-730. |
31. | Friedrich JO, Chant C, Adhikari NK. Does intensive insulin therapy really reduce mortality in critically ill surgical patients? A reanalysis of meta-analytic data. Crit Care, 2010, 14(5): 324. |
32. | NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Liu B, et al. Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med, 2012, 367(12): 1108-1118. |
33. | Yamada T, Shojima N, Noma H, et al. Glycemic control, mortality, and hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med, 2017, 43(1): 1-15. |
34. | Kalfon P, Giraudeau B, Ichai C, et al. Tight computerized versus conventional glucose control in the ICU: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med, 2014, 40(2): 171-181. |
35. | Cappi SB, Noritomi DT, Velasco IT, et al. Dyslipidemia: a prospective controlled randomized trial of intensive glycemic control in sepsis. Intensive Care Med, 2012, 38(4): 634-641. |
36. | Bagnall NM, Malietzis G, Kennedy RH, et al. A systematic review of enhanced recovery care after colorectal surgery in elderly patients. Colorectal Dis, 2014, 16(12): 947-956. |
37. | Ljungqvist O. ERAS—enhanced recovery after surgery: moving evidence-based perioperative care to practice. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(5): 559-566. |
38. | Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2012, 31(6): 783-800. |
39. | Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Br J Surg, 2014, 101(10): 1209-1229. |
40. | Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2012, 31(6): 801-816. |
41. | Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2012, 31(6): 817-830. |
42. | Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2013, 32(6): 879-887. |
43. | Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2016, 60(3): 289-334. |
44. | Lassen K, Dejong CH, Revhaug A, et al. Food at will after pancreaticoduodenectomies. Re. " Perioperative nutritional support of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery in the age of ERAS”. Nutrition, 2015, 31(7-8): 1057-1058. |
45. | Ljungqvist O. Modulating postoperative insulin resistance by preoperative carbohydrate loading. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 2009, 23(4): 401-409. |
46. | Gustafsson UO, Hausel J, Thorell A, et al. Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Arch Surg, 2011, 146(5): 571-577. |
47. | Wang ZG, Wang Q, Wang WJ, et al. Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate versus placebo on insulin resistance after colorectal surgery. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(3): 317-327. |
48. | Pimenta GP, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Prolonged preoperative fasting in elective surgical patients: why should we reduce it? Nutr Clin Pract, 2014, 29(1): 22-28. |
49. | Awad S, Lobo DN. Metabolic conditioning to attenuate the adverse effects of perioperative fasting and improve patient outcomes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2012, 15(2): 194-200. |
50. | Lugli AK, Schricker T, Wykes L, et al. Glucose and protein kinetics in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: perioperative amino acid versus hypocaloric dextrose infusion. Metabolism, 2010, 59(11): 1649-1655. |
51. | Aarts MA, Okrainec A, Glicksman A, et al. Adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) strategies for colorectal surgery at academic teaching hospitals and impact on total length of hospital stay. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(2): 442-450. |
52. | Lassen K, Kjaeve J, Fetveit T, et al. Allowing normal food at will after major upper gastrointestinal surgery does not increase morbidity: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Surg, 2008, 247(5): 721-729. |
53. | Liu XX, Jiang ZW, Wang ZM, et al. Multimodal optimization of surgical care shows beneficial outcome in gastrectomy surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2010, 34(3): 313-321. |
54. | McClave SA, Martindale RG, Vanek VW, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A. S. P. E. N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2009, 33(3): 277-316. |
55. | Weimann A, Braga M, Harsanyi L, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Surgery including organ transplantation. Clin Nutr, 2006, 25(2): 224-244. |
56. | McClave SA, Kozar R, Martindale RG, et al. Summary points and consensus recommendations from the North American Surgical Nutrition Summit. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2013, 37(5 Suppl): 99S-105S. |
57. | Abunnaja S, Cuviello A, Sanchez JA. Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the perioperative period: state of the art. Nutrients, 2013, 5(2): 608-623. |
58. | McClave SA, Martindale R, Taylor B, et al. Appropriate use of parenteral nutrition through the perioperative period. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2013, 37(5 Suppl): 73S-82S. |
59. | Hess JR, Greenberg NA. The role of nucleotides in the immune and gastrointestinal systems: potential clinical applications. Nutr Clin Pract, 2012, 27(2): 281-294. |
60. | Rao R, Samak G. Role of Glutamine in Protection of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions. J Epithel Biol Pharmacol, 2012, 5(Suppl 1-M7): 47-54. |
61. | Aida T, Furukawa K, Suzuki D, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition decreases postoperative complications by modulating prostaglandin E2 production and T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. Surgery, 2014, 155(1): 124-133. |
62. | Barker LA, Gray C, Wilson L, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition and its effect on postoperative outcomes in well-nourished and malnourished gastrointestinal surgery patients: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2013, 67(8): 802-807. |
63. | Hübner M, Cerantola Y, Grass F, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition in patients at nutritional risk: results of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2012, 66(7): 850-855. |
64. | Fujitani K, Tsujinaka T, Fujita J, et al. Prospective randomized trial of preoperative enteral immunonutrition followed by elective total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(5): 621-629. |
65. | Giger-Pabst U, Lange J, Maurer C, et al. Short-term preoperative supplementation of an immunoenriched diet does not improve clinical outcome in well-nourished patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery. Nutrition, 2013, 29(5): 724-729. |
66. | Klek S, Sierzega M, Szybinski P, et al. The immunomodulating enteral nutrition in malnourished surgical patients—a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Nutr, 2011, 30(3): 282-288. |
67. | Marano L, Porfidia R, Pezzella M, et al. Clinical and immunological impact of early postoperative enteral immunonutrition after total gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients: a prospective randomized study. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(12): 3912-3918. |
68. | Drover JW, Dhaliwal R, Weitzel L, et al. Perioperative use of arginine-supplemented diets: a systematic review of the evidence. J Am Coll Surg, 2011, 212(3): 385-399. |
69. | Marimuthu K, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of combinations of immune modulating nutrients on outcome in patients undergoing major open gastrointestinal surgery. Ann Surg, 2012, 255(6): 1060-1068. |
70. | Hegazi RA, Hustead DS, Evans DC. Preoperative standard oral nutrition supplements vs immunonutrition: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Surg, 2014, 219(5): 1078-1087. |
71. | Cerantola Y, Hübner M, Grass F, et al. Immunonutrition in gastrointestinal surgery. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(1): 37-48. |
72. | Zheng YM, Li F, Zhang MM, et al. Glutamine dipeptide for parenteral nutrition in abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Gastroenterol, 2006, 12(46): 7537-7541. |
73. | O’Riordain MG, Fearon KC, Ross JA, et al. Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition enhances T-lymphocyte response in surgical patients undergoing colorectal resection. Ann Surg, 1994, 220(2): 212-221. |
74. | Zhu X, Herrera G, Ochoa JB. Immunosupression and infection after major surgery: a nutritional deficiency. Crit Care Clin, 2010, 26(3): 491-500. |
75. | Ryan AM, Reynolds JV, Healy L, et al. Enteral nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) preserves lean body mass following esophageal cancer surgery: results of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(3): 355-363. |
76. | Fritsche K. Fatty acids as modulators of the immune response. Annu Rev Nutr, 2006, 26: 45-73. |
77. | Jiang ZM, Wilmore DW, Wang XR, et al. Randomized clinical trial of intravenous soybean oil alone versus soybean oil plus fish oil emulsion after gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(6): 804-809. |
78. | 中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会. 成人围手术期营养支持指南. 中华外科杂志, 2016, 54(9): 641-657. |
- 1. Holst M, Rasmussen HH, Irtun O. Advances in clinical nutrition in GI surgery. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 9(4): 467-473.
- 2. Braga M, Ljungqvist O, Soeters P, et al. ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: surgery. Clin Nutr, 2009, 28(4): 378-386.
- 3. Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg, 2002, 183(6): 630-641.
- 4. Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Dejong CH, et al. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr, 2010, 29(4): 434-440.
- 5. 中国加速康复外科专家组. 中国加速康复外科围手术期管理专家共识(2016). 中华外科杂志, 2016, 54(6): 413-418.
- 6. 陈宏, 李非, 贾建国, 等. 择期腹部手术后胰岛素抵抗相关因素研究. 中国实用外科杂志, 2009, 29(5): 428-430.
- 7. Awad S, Fearon KC, Macdonald IA, et al. A randomized cross-over study of the metabolic and hormonal responses following two preoperative conditioning drinks. Nutrition, 2011, 27(9): 938-942.
- 8. Zhong JX, Kang K, Shu XL. Effect of nutritional support on clinical outcomes in perioperative malnourished patients: a meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015, 24(3): 367-378.
- 9. Benoist S, Brouquet A. Nutritional assessment and screening for malnutrition. J Visc Surg, 2015, 152 Suppl 1: S3-S7.
- 10. Hébuterne X, Lemarié E, Michallet M, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition and current use of nutrition support in patients with cancer. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(2): 196-204.
- 11. Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Arch Surg, 2009, 144(10): 961-969.
- 12. Chambrier C, Sztark F, Société Francophone de nutrition clinique et métabolisme (SFNEP), et al. French clinical guidelines on perioperative nutrition. Update of the 1994 consensus conference on perioperative artificial nutrition for elective surgery in adults. J Visc Surg, 2012, 149(5): e325-e336.
- 13. Detsky AS, Baker JP, O’Rourke K, et al. Predicting nutrition-associated complications for patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1987, 11(5): 440-446.
- 14. Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, et al. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr, 2003, 22(4): 415-421.
- 15. Reilly HM, Martineau JK, Moran A, et al. Nutritional screening—evaluation and implementation of a simple Nutrition Risk Score. Clin Nutr, 1995, 14(5): 269-273.
- 16. Wolinsky FD, Coe RM, McIntosh WA, et al. Progress in the development of a nutritional risk index. J Nutr, 1990, 120 Suppl 11: 1549-1553.
- 17. Schiesser M, Kirchhoff P, Muller MK, et al. The correlation of nutrition risk index, nutrition risk score, and bioimpedance analysis with postoperative complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Surgery, 2009, 145(5): 519-526.
- 18. Schwegler I, von Holzen A, Gutzwiller JP, et al. Nutritional risk is a clinical predictor of postoperative mortality and morbidity in surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(1): 92-97.
- 19. Guo W, Ou G, Li X, et al. Screening of the nutritional risk of patients with gastric carcinoma before operation by NRS 2002 and its relationship with postoperative results. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010, 25(4): 800-803.
- 20. Rosania R, Chiapponi C, Malfertheiner P, et al. Nutrition in Patients with Gastric Cancer: An Update. Gastrointest Tumors, 2016, 2(4): 178-187.
- 21. Palermo NE, Gianchandani RY, McDonnell ME, et al. Stress Hyperglycemia During Surgery and Anesthesia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications. Curr Diab Rep, 2016, 16(3): 33.
- 22. Schricker T, Lattermann R. Perioperative catabolism. Can J Anaesth, 2015, 62(2): 182-193.
- 23. Gustafsson UO, Thorell A, Soop M, et al. Haemoglobin A1c as a predictor of postoperative hyperglycaemia and complications after major colorectal surgery. Br J Surg, 2009, 96(11): 1358-1364.
- 24. Ljungqvist O. Insulin resistance and outcomes in surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010, 95(9): 4217-4219.
- 25. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med, 2001, 345(19): 1359-1367.
- 26. Krinsley JS. Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients. Mayo Clin Proc, 2004, 79(8): 992-1000.
- 27. Carvalho G, Lattermann R, Codere-Maruyama T, et al. Glucose and insulin administration while maintaining normoglycemia: the GIN concept. Minerva Anestesiol, 2013, 79(1): 74-82.
- 28. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(13): 1283-1297.
- 29. Lipshutz AK, Gropper MA. Perioperative glycemic control: an evidence-based review. Anesthesiology, 2009, 110(2): 408-421.
- 30. Landoni G, Pisano A, Lomivorotov V, et al. Randomized Evidence for Reduction of Perioperative Mortality: An Updated Consensus Process. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2017, 31(2): 719-730.
- 31. Friedrich JO, Chant C, Adhikari NK. Does intensive insulin therapy really reduce mortality in critically ill surgical patients? A reanalysis of meta-analytic data. Crit Care, 2010, 14(5): 324.
- 32. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Liu B, et al. Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med, 2012, 367(12): 1108-1118.
- 33. Yamada T, Shojima N, Noma H, et al. Glycemic control, mortality, and hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med, 2017, 43(1): 1-15.
- 34. Kalfon P, Giraudeau B, Ichai C, et al. Tight computerized versus conventional glucose control in the ICU: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med, 2014, 40(2): 171-181.
- 35. Cappi SB, Noritomi DT, Velasco IT, et al. Dyslipidemia: a prospective controlled randomized trial of intensive glycemic control in sepsis. Intensive Care Med, 2012, 38(4): 634-641.
- 36. Bagnall NM, Malietzis G, Kennedy RH, et al. A systematic review of enhanced recovery care after colorectal surgery in elderly patients. Colorectal Dis, 2014, 16(12): 947-956.
- 37. Ljungqvist O. ERAS—enhanced recovery after surgery: moving evidence-based perioperative care to practice. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014, 38(5): 559-566.
- 38. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2012, 31(6): 783-800.
- 39. Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Br J Surg, 2014, 101(10): 1209-1229.
- 40. Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2012, 31(6): 801-816.
- 41. Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2012, 31(6): 817-830.
- 42. Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) society recommendations. Clin Nutr, 2013, 32(6): 879-887.
- 43. Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2016, 60(3): 289-334.
- 44. Lassen K, Dejong CH, Revhaug A, et al. Food at will after pancreaticoduodenectomies. Re. " Perioperative nutritional support of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery in the age of ERAS”. Nutrition, 2015, 31(7-8): 1057-1058.
- 45. Ljungqvist O. Modulating postoperative insulin resistance by preoperative carbohydrate loading. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 2009, 23(4): 401-409.
- 46. Gustafsson UO, Hausel J, Thorell A, et al. Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Arch Surg, 2011, 146(5): 571-577.
- 47. Wang ZG, Wang Q, Wang WJ, et al. Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate versus placebo on insulin resistance after colorectal surgery. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(3): 317-327.
- 48. Pimenta GP, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Prolonged preoperative fasting in elective surgical patients: why should we reduce it? Nutr Clin Pract, 2014, 29(1): 22-28.
- 49. Awad S, Lobo DN. Metabolic conditioning to attenuate the adverse effects of perioperative fasting and improve patient outcomes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2012, 15(2): 194-200.
- 50. Lugli AK, Schricker T, Wykes L, et al. Glucose and protein kinetics in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: perioperative amino acid versus hypocaloric dextrose infusion. Metabolism, 2010, 59(11): 1649-1655.
- 51. Aarts MA, Okrainec A, Glicksman A, et al. Adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) strategies for colorectal surgery at academic teaching hospitals and impact on total length of hospital stay. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(2): 442-450.
- 52. Lassen K, Kjaeve J, Fetveit T, et al. Allowing normal food at will after major upper gastrointestinal surgery does not increase morbidity: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Surg, 2008, 247(5): 721-729.
- 53. Liu XX, Jiang ZW, Wang ZM, et al. Multimodal optimization of surgical care shows beneficial outcome in gastrectomy surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2010, 34(3): 313-321.
- 54. McClave SA, Martindale RG, Vanek VW, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A. S. P. E. N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2009, 33(3): 277-316.
- 55. Weimann A, Braga M, Harsanyi L, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Surgery including organ transplantation. Clin Nutr, 2006, 25(2): 224-244.
- 56. McClave SA, Kozar R, Martindale RG, et al. Summary points and consensus recommendations from the North American Surgical Nutrition Summit. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2013, 37(5 Suppl): 99S-105S.
- 57. Abunnaja S, Cuviello A, Sanchez JA. Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the perioperative period: state of the art. Nutrients, 2013, 5(2): 608-623.
- 58. McClave SA, Martindale R, Taylor B, et al. Appropriate use of parenteral nutrition through the perioperative period. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2013, 37(5 Suppl): 73S-82S.
- 59. Hess JR, Greenberg NA. The role of nucleotides in the immune and gastrointestinal systems: potential clinical applications. Nutr Clin Pract, 2012, 27(2): 281-294.
- 60. Rao R, Samak G. Role of Glutamine in Protection of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions. J Epithel Biol Pharmacol, 2012, 5(Suppl 1-M7): 47-54.
- 61. Aida T, Furukawa K, Suzuki D, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition decreases postoperative complications by modulating prostaglandin E2 production and T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. Surgery, 2014, 155(1): 124-133.
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