Techniques and applications of magnetic resonance elastography in chronic liver disease_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

ZHANG Zhen , QU Yali ,  SONG Bin

Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

SONG Bin, Email: songb_radiology@163.com

Keywords：

chronic liver disease; magnetic resonance imaging; elastography imaging technique

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201801066

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To understand and analyze technique development of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and its application in chronic liver disease. Method The relevant literatures about the application of MRE in the field of chronic liver disease were reviewed. Results The liver fibrosis was a common pathway of chronic liver disease, which would progress to cirrhosis of the liver if untreated. The diagnosis and assessment of fibrosis was important in the treatment of patients with chronic liver disease. The liver biopsy was considered to be the reference standard for clinical assessment of liver fibrosis. However, this technique was invasive and still had inevitable drawbacks in the clinical practice. With the update of the imaging technology and equipment, the MRE had been developed as a safe and noninvasive examination method for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in the chronic liver disease, early diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, evaluation of focal liver lesions, and other clinical applications. Conclusion MRE is currently regarded as an attractive noninvasive technique in management of chronic liver disease.

Citation： ZHANG Zhen, QU Yali, SONG Bin. Techniques and applications of magnetic resonance elastography in chronic liver disease. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2018, 25(3): 357-364. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201801066 Copy

1.	Jézéquel C, Bardou-Jacquet E, Desille Y, et al. Survival of patients infected by chronic hepatitis C and F0F1 fibrosis at baseline after a 15-years follow-up. J Hepatol, 2015, 62: S589.
2.	Gilmore IT, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon IM, et al. Indications, methods, and outcomes of percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales: an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and the Royal College of Physicians of London. Gut, 1995, 36(3): 437-441.
3.	Srinivasa Babu A, Wells ML, Teytelboym OM, et al. Elastography in chronic liver disease: modalities, techniques, limitations, and future directions. Radiographics, 2016, 36(7): 1987-2006.
4.	Tang A, Cloutier G, Szeverenyi NM, et al. Ultrasound elastography and mr elastography for assessing liver fibrosis: part 1, principles and techniques. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2015, 205(1): 22-32.
5.	Ophir J, Céspedes I, Ponnekanti H, et al. Elastography: a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues. Ultrason Imaging, 1991, 13(2): 111-134.
6.	Low G, Kruse SA, Lomas DJ. General review of magnetic resonance elastography. World J Radiol, 2016, 8(1): 59-72.
7.	Wagner M, Besa C, Bou Ayache J, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography of the liver: qualitative and quantitative comparison of gradient echo and spin echo echoplanar imaging sequences. Invest Radiol, 2016, 51(9): 575-581.
8.	Mariappan YK, Dzyubak B, Glaser KJ, et al. Application of modified spin-echo-based sequences for hepatic MR elastography: evaluation, comparison with the conventional gradient-echo sequence, and preliminary clinical experience. Radiology, 2017, 282(2): 390-398.
9.	Morisaka H, Motosugi U, Glaser KJ, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of two- and three-dimensional MR elastography of the liver. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 45(4): 1163-1170.
10.	Shi Y, Xia F, Li QJ, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C by using both gradient-recalled echo and spin-echo echo planar imaging: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(6): 823-833.
11.	Loomba R, Cui J, Wolfson T, et al. Novel 3D magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(7): 986-994.
12.	Corbin N, Breton E, de Mathelin M, et al. K-space data processing for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Magma, 2017, 30(2): 203-213.
13.	Yin M, Glaser KJ, Manduca A, et al. Distinguishing between hepatic inflammation and fibrosis with MR elastography. Radiology, 2017, 284(3): 694-705.
14.	Jajamovich GH, Dyvorne H, Donnerhack C, et al. Quantitative liver MRI combining phase contrast imaging, elastography, and DWI: assessment of reproducibility and postprandial effect at 3.0 T. PLoS One, 2014, 9(5): e97355.
15.	Chamarthi SK, Raterman B, Mazumder R, et al. Rapid acquisition technique for MR elastography of the liver. Magn Reson Imaging, 2014, 32(6): 679-683.
16.	Murphy IG, Graves MJ, Reid S, et al. Comparison of breath-hold, respiratory navigated and free-breathing MR elastography of the liver. Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 37: 46-50.
17.	Rusak G, Zawada E, Lemanowicz A, et al. Whole-organ and segmental stiffness measured with liver magnetic resonance elastography in healthy adults: significance of the region of interest. Abdom Imaging, 2015, 40(4): 776-782.
18.	Lee DH, Lee JM, Han JK, et al. MR elastography of healthy liver parenchyma: Normal value and reliability of the liver stiffness value measurement. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2013, 38(5): 1215-1223.
19.	Toguchi M, Tsurusaki M, Yada N, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis: a study comparing transient elastography and histological data in the same patients. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2017, 42(6): 1659-1666.
20.	Chen J, Yin M, Talwalkar JA, et al. Diagnostic performance of MR elastography and vibration-controlled transient elastography in the detection of hepatic fibrosis in patients with severe to morbid obesity. Radiology, 2017, 283(2): 418-428.
21.	Morisaka H, Motosugi U, Ichikawa S, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography is as accurate as liver biopsy for liver fibrosis staging. 2017 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25868.[Epub ahead of print].
22.	Singh S, Venkatesh SK, Keaveny A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography in liver transplant recipients: A pooled analysis. Ann Hepatol, 2016, 15(3): 363-376.
23.	Runge JH, Bohte AE, Verheij J, et al. Comparison of interobserver agreement of magnetic resonance elastography with histopathological staging of liver fibrosis. Abdom Imaging, 2014, 39(2): 283-290.
24.	Venkatesh SK, Wang G, Teo LL, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography of liver in healthy Asians: normal liver stiffness quantification and reproducibility assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2014, 39(1): 1-8.
25.	Hallinan JT, Alsaif HS, Wee A, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: influence of intravenous gadolinium administration on measured liver stiffness. Abdom Imaging, 2015, 40(4): 783-788.
26.	Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Morisaka H, et al. Validity and reliability of magnetic resonance elastography for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2015, 14(3): 211-221.
27.	Wang J, Malik N, Yin M, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography is accurate in detecting advanced fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(5): 859-868.
28.	Wu WP, Chou CT, Chen RC, et al. Non-invasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis: the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography in patients with viral hepatitis B or C. PLoS One, 2015, 10(10): e0140068.
29.	Hennedige TP, Wang G, Leung FP, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography and diffusion weighted imaging in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Gut Liver, 2017, 11(3): 401-408.
30.	Park HS, Kim YJ, Yu MH, et al. Three-Tesla magnetic resonance elastography for hepatic fibrosis: comparison with diffusion-weighted imaging and gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(46): 17558-17567.
31.	Leitão HS, Doblas S, Garteiser P, et al. Hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis: influence on the MR viscoelastic and diffusion parameters in patients with chronic liver disease. Radiology, 2017, 283(1): 98-107.
32.	Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Morisaka H, et al. MRI-based staging of hepatic fibrosis: Comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging with magnetic resonance elastography. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2015, 42(1): 204-210.
33.	Choi YR, Lee JM, Yoon JH, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance elastography and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. Invest Radiol, 2013, 48(8): 607-613.
34.	Perz JF, Armstrong GL, Farrington LA, et al. The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide. J Hepatol, 2006, 45(4): 529-538.
35.	European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection.J Hepatol, 2017, 67(2): 370-398.
36.	Venkatesh SK, Wang G, Lim SG, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the detection and staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(1): 70-78.
37.	Vispo E, Barreiro P, Del Valle J, et al. Overestimation of liver fibrosis staging using transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis C and significant liver inflammation. Antivir Ther, 2009, 14(2): 187-193.
38.	Gallegos-Orozco JF, Silva AC, Batheja MJ, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography can discriminate normal vs. abnormal liver biopsy in candidates for live liver donation. Abdom Imaging, 2015, 40(4): 795-802.
39.	Crespo S, Bridges M, Nakhleh R, et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis using magnetic resonance elastography in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C. Clin Transplant, 2013, 27(5): 652-658.
40.	Xanthakos SA, Podberesky DJ, Serai SD, et al. Use of magnetic resonance elastography to assess hepatic fibrosis in children with chronic liver disease. J Pediatr, 2014, 164(1): 186-188.
41.	Sugimoto M, Oka H, Kajihama A, et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by magnetic resonance elastography in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing the Fontan procedure and intracardiac repair. J Cardiol, 2016, 68(3): 202-208.
42.	Eaton JE, Dzyubak B, Venkatesh SK, et al. Performance of magnetic resonance elastography in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 31(6): 1184-1190.
43.	Dulai PS, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. MRI and MRE for non-invasive quantitative assessment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD and NASH: Clinical trials to clinical practice. J Hepatol, 2016, 65(5): 1006-1016.
44.	Singh S, Venkatesh SK, Loomba R, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for staging liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a diagnostic accuracy systematic review and individual participant data pooled analysis. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(5): 1431-1440.
45.	Park CC, Nguyen P, Hernandez C, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography vs transient elastography in detection of fibrosis and noninvasive measurement of steatosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(3): 598-607.
46.	Gaidos JK, Hillner BE, Sanyal AJ. A decision analysis study of the value of a liver biopsy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int, 2008, 28(5): 650-658.
47.	Chen J, Talwalkar JA, Yin M, et al. Early detection of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by using MR elastography. Radiology, 2011, 259(3): 749-756.
48.	Garteiser P, Doblas S, Daire JL, et al. MR elastography of liver tumours: value of viscoelastic properties for tumour characterisation. Eur Radiol, 2012, 22(10): 2169-2177.
49.	Gordic S, Ayache JB, Kennedy P, et al. Value of tumor stiffness measured with MR elastography for assessment of response of hepatocellular carcinoma to locoregional therapy. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2017, 42(6): 1685-1694.
50.	Thompson SM, Wang J, Chandan VS, et al. MR elastography of hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlation of tumor stiffness with histopathology features-Preliminary findings. Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 37: 41-45.
51.	Shenoy-Bhangle A, Baliyan V, Kordbacheh H, et al. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of liver: Principles, clinical applications and recent updates. World J Hepatol, 2017, 9(26): 1081-1091.
52.	Hennedige TP, Hallinan JT, Leung FP, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance elastography and diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating benign and malignant liver lesions. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(2): 398-406.
53.	Jang S, Lee JM, Lee DH, et al. Value of MR elastography for the preoperative estimation of liver regeneration capacity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 45(6): 1627-1636.
54.	Kim JE, Lee DH, Chang W, et al. Clinical utility of liver stiffness measurements on magnetic resonance elastrography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiofrequency ablation. Invest Magn Reson Imaging, 2016, 20(4): 231-240.
55.	Li B, Min J, Liang WR, et al. Use of magnetic resonance elastography for assessing liver functional reserve: A clinical study. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(24): 7522-7528.
56.	Abe H, Midorikawa Y, Mitsuka Y, et al. Predicting postoperative outcomes of liver resection by magnetic resonance elastography. Surgery, 2017, 162(2): 248-255.
57.	Lee DH, Lee JM, Yi NJ, et al. Hepatic stiffness measurement by using MR elastography: prognostic values after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol, 2017, 27(4): 1713-1721.
58.	Schwefer M, Aschenbach R, Heidemann J, et al. Constrictive pericarditis, still a diagnostic challenge: comprehensive review of clinical management. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(3): 502-510.
59.	Fenstad ER, Dzyubak B, Oh JK, et al. Evaluation of liver stiffness with magnetic resonance elastography in patients with constrictive pericarditis: Preliminary findings. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2016, 44(1): 81-88.

1. Jézéquel C, Bardou-Jacquet E, Desille Y, et al. Survival of patients infected by chronic hepatitis C and F0F1 fibrosis at baseline after a 15-years follow-up. J Hepatol, 2015, 62: S589.
2. Gilmore IT, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon IM, et al. Indications, methods, and outcomes of percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales: an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and the Royal College of Physicians of London. Gut, 1995, 36(3): 437-441.
3. Srinivasa Babu A, Wells ML, Teytelboym OM, et al. Elastography in chronic liver disease: modalities, techniques, limitations, and future directions. Radiographics, 2016, 36(7): 1987-2006.
4. Tang A, Cloutier G, Szeverenyi NM, et al. Ultrasound elastography and mr elastography for assessing liver fibrosis: part 1, principles and techniques. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2015, 205(1): 22-32.
5. Ophir J, Céspedes I, Ponnekanti H, et al. Elastography: a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues. Ultrason Imaging, 1991, 13(2): 111-134.
6. Low G, Kruse SA, Lomas DJ. General review of magnetic resonance elastography. World J Radiol, 2016, 8(1): 59-72.
7. Wagner M, Besa C, Bou Ayache J, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography of the liver: qualitative and quantitative comparison of gradient echo and spin echo echoplanar imaging sequences. Invest Radiol, 2016, 51(9): 575-581.
8. Mariappan YK, Dzyubak B, Glaser KJ, et al. Application of modified spin-echo-based sequences for hepatic MR elastography: evaluation, comparison with the conventional gradient-echo sequence, and preliminary clinical experience. Radiology, 2017, 282(2): 390-398.
9. Morisaka H, Motosugi U, Glaser KJ, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of two- and three-dimensional MR elastography of the liver. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 45(4): 1163-1170.
10. Shi Y, Xia F, Li QJ, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C by using both gradient-recalled echo and spin-echo echo planar imaging: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(6): 823-833.
11. Loomba R, Cui J, Wolfson T, et al. Novel 3D magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(7): 986-994.
12. Corbin N, Breton E, de Mathelin M, et al. K-space data processing for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Magma, 2017, 30(2): 203-213.
13. Yin M, Glaser KJ, Manduca A, et al. Distinguishing between hepatic inflammation and fibrosis with MR elastography. Radiology, 2017, 284(3): 694-705.
14. Jajamovich GH, Dyvorne H, Donnerhack C, et al. Quantitative liver MRI combining phase contrast imaging, elastography, and DWI: assessment of reproducibility and postprandial effect at 3.0 T. PLoS One, 2014, 9(5): e97355.
15. Chamarthi SK, Raterman B, Mazumder R, et al. Rapid acquisition technique for MR elastography of the liver. Magn Reson Imaging, 2014, 32(6): 679-683.
16. Murphy IG, Graves MJ, Reid S, et al. Comparison of breath-hold, respiratory navigated and free-breathing MR elastography of the liver. Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 37: 46-50.
17. Rusak G, Zawada E, Lemanowicz A, et al. Whole-organ and segmental stiffness measured with liver magnetic resonance elastography in healthy adults: significance of the region of interest. Abdom Imaging, 2015, 40(4): 776-782.
18. Lee DH, Lee JM, Han JK, et al. MR elastography of healthy liver parenchyma: Normal value and reliability of the liver stiffness value measurement. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2013, 38(5): 1215-1223.
19. Toguchi M, Tsurusaki M, Yada N, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis: a study comparing transient elastography and histological data in the same patients. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2017, 42(6): 1659-1666.
20. Chen J, Yin M, Talwalkar JA, et al. Diagnostic performance of MR elastography and vibration-controlled transient elastography in the detection of hepatic fibrosis in patients with severe to morbid obesity. Radiology, 2017, 283(2): 418-428.
21. Morisaka H, Motosugi U, Ichikawa S, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography is as accurate as liver biopsy for liver fibrosis staging. 2017 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25868.[Epub ahead of print].
22. Singh S, Venkatesh SK, Keaveny A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography in liver transplant recipients: A pooled analysis. Ann Hepatol, 2016, 15(3): 363-376.
23. Runge JH, Bohte AE, Verheij J, et al. Comparison of interobserver agreement of magnetic resonance elastography with histopathological staging of liver fibrosis. Abdom Imaging, 2014, 39(2): 283-290.
24. Venkatesh SK, Wang G, Teo LL, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography of liver in healthy Asians: normal liver stiffness quantification and reproducibility assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2014, 39(1): 1-8.
25. Hallinan JT, Alsaif HS, Wee A, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: influence of intravenous gadolinium administration on measured liver stiffness. Abdom Imaging, 2015, 40(4): 783-788.
26. Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Morisaka H, et al. Validity and reliability of magnetic resonance elastography for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2015, 14(3): 211-221.
27. Wang J, Malik N, Yin M, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography is accurate in detecting advanced fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(5): 859-868.
28. Wu WP, Chou CT, Chen RC, et al. Non-invasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis: the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography in patients with viral hepatitis B or C. PLoS One, 2015, 10(10): e0140068.
29. Hennedige TP, Wang G, Leung FP, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography and diffusion weighted imaging in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Gut Liver, 2017, 11(3): 401-408.
30. Park HS, Kim YJ, Yu MH, et al. Three-Tesla magnetic resonance elastography for hepatic fibrosis: comparison with diffusion-weighted imaging and gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(46): 17558-17567.
31. Leitão HS, Doblas S, Garteiser P, et al. Hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis: influence on the MR viscoelastic and diffusion parameters in patients with chronic liver disease. Radiology, 2017, 283(1): 98-107.
32. Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Morisaka H, et al. MRI-based staging of hepatic fibrosis: Comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging with magnetic resonance elastography. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2015, 42(1): 204-210.
33. Choi YR, Lee JM, Yoon JH, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance elastography and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. Invest Radiol, 2013, 48(8): 607-613.
34. Perz JF, Armstrong GL, Farrington LA, et al. The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide. J Hepatol, 2006, 45(4): 529-538.
35. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection.J Hepatol, 2017, 67(2): 370-398.
36. Venkatesh SK, Wang G, Lim SG, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the detection and staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(1): 70-78.
37. Vispo E, Barreiro P, Del Valle J, et al. Overestimation of liver fibrosis staging using transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis C and significant liver inflammation. Antivir Ther, 2009, 14(2): 187-193.
38. Gallegos-Orozco JF, Silva AC, Batheja MJ, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography can discriminate normal vs. abnormal liver biopsy in candidates for live liver donation. Abdom Imaging, 2015, 40(4): 795-802.
39. Crespo S, Bridges M, Nakhleh R, et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis using magnetic resonance elastography in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C. Clin Transplant, 2013, 27(5): 652-658.
40. Xanthakos SA, Podberesky DJ, Serai SD, et al. Use of magnetic resonance elastography to assess hepatic fibrosis in children with chronic liver disease. J Pediatr, 2014, 164(1): 186-188.
41. Sugimoto M, Oka H, Kajihama A, et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by magnetic resonance elastography in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing the Fontan procedure and intracardiac repair. J Cardiol, 2016, 68(3): 202-208.
42. Eaton JE, Dzyubak B, Venkatesh SK, et al. Performance of magnetic resonance elastography in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 31(6): 1184-1190.
43. Dulai PS, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. MRI and MRE for non-invasive quantitative assessment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD and NASH: Clinical trials to clinical practice. J Hepatol, 2016, 65(5): 1006-1016.
44. Singh S, Venkatesh SK, Loomba R, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for staging liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a diagnostic accuracy systematic review and individual participant data pooled analysis. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(5): 1431-1440.
45. Park CC, Nguyen P, Hernandez C, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography vs transient elastography in detection of fibrosis and noninvasive measurement of steatosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(3): 598-607.
46. Gaidos JK, Hillner BE, Sanyal AJ. A decision analysis study of the value of a liver biopsy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int, 2008, 28(5): 650-658.
47. Chen J, Talwalkar JA, Yin M, et al. Early detection of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by using MR elastography. Radiology, 2011, 259(3): 749-756.
48. Garteiser P, Doblas S, Daire JL, et al. MR elastography of liver tumours: value of viscoelastic properties for tumour characterisation. Eur Radiol, 2012, 22(10): 2169-2177.
49. Gordic S, Ayache JB, Kennedy P, et al. Value of tumor stiffness measured with MR elastography for assessment of response of hepatocellular carcinoma to locoregional therapy. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2017, 42(6): 1685-1694.
50. Thompson SM, Wang J, Chandan VS, et al. MR elastography of hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlation of tumor stiffness with histopathology features-Preliminary findings. Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 37: 41-45.
51. Shenoy-Bhangle A, Baliyan V, Kordbacheh H, et al. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of liver: Principles, clinical applications and recent updates. World J Hepatol, 2017, 9(26): 1081-1091.
52. Hennedige TP, Hallinan JT, Leung FP, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance elastography and diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating benign and malignant liver lesions. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(2): 398-406.
53. Jang S, Lee JM, Lee DH, et al. Value of MR elastography for the preoperative estimation of liver regeneration capacity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2017, 45(6): 1627-1636.
54. Kim JE, Lee DH, Chang W, et al. Clinical utility of liver stiffness measurements on magnetic resonance elastrography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiofrequency ablation. Invest Magn Reson Imaging, 2016, 20(4): 231-240.
55. Li B, Min J, Liang WR, et al. Use of magnetic resonance elastography for assessing liver functional reserve: A clinical study. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(24): 7522-7528.
56. Abe H, Midorikawa Y, Mitsuka Y, et al. Predicting postoperative outcomes of liver resection by magnetic resonance elastography. Surgery, 2017, 162(2): 248-255.
57. Lee DH, Lee JM, Yi NJ, et al. Hepatic stiffness measurement by using MR elastography: prognostic values after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol, 2017, 27(4): 1713-1721.
58. Schwefer M, Aschenbach R, Heidemann J, et al. Constrictive pericarditis, still a diagnostic challenge: comprehensive review of clinical management. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(3): 502-510.
59. Fenstad ER, Dzyubak B, Oh JK, et al. Evaluation of liver stiffness with magnetic resonance elastography in patients with constrictive pericarditis: Preliminary findings. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2016, 44(1): 81-88.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Techniques and applications of magnetic resonance elastography in chronic liver disease

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content