肝移植术后并发症的防治现状及进展_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

王正昕 ,  钦伦秀

复旦大学附属华山医院外科（上海 200040）;

Corresponding author：

钦伦秀, Email: qinlx99@vip.163.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201808051

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Citation： 王正昕, 钦伦秀. 肝移植术后并发症的防治现状及进展. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2018, 25(9): 1025-1030. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201808051 Copy

1.	国家卫健委. 我国肝移植患者术后5年生存率已超70%. http://m.xinhuanet.com/health/2018-06/23/c_1123024593.htm.
2.	Nafady-Hego H, Elgendy H, Moghazy WE, et al. Pattern of bacterial and fungal infections in the first 3 months after pediatric living donor liver transplantation: an 11-year single-center experience. Liver Transpl, 2011, 17(8): 976-984.
3.	Watt KD, Pedersen RA, Kremers WK, et al. Evolution of causes and risk factors for mortality post-liver transplant: results of the NIDDK long-term follow-up study. Am J Transplant, 2010, 10(6): 1420-1427.
4.	van Hoek B, de Rooij BJ, Verspaget HW. Risk factors for infection after liver transplantation. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2012, 26(1): 61-72.
5.	Romero FA, Razonable RR. Infections in liver transplant recipients. World J Hepatol, 2011, 3(4): 83-92.
6.	Saner FH, Olde Damink SW, Pavlakovic G, et al. Pulmonary and blood stream infections in adult living donor and cadaveric liver transplant patients. Transplantation, 2008, 85(11): 1564-1568.
7.	Vera A, Contreras F, Guevara F. Incidence and risk factors for infections after liver transplant: single-center experience at the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia. Transpl Infect Dis, 2011, 13(6): 608-615.
8.	林健文, 韩明, 王小平, 等. 公民身后器官捐献肝移植术后早期细菌和真菌感染并发症的临床特点与危险因素分析. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2016, 10(5): 354-358.
9.	Schramm C, Bubenheim M, Adam R, et al. Primary liver transplan tation for autoimmune hepatitis: a comparative analysis of the Euro pean Liver Transplant Registry. Liver Transpl, 2010, 16(4): 461-469.
10.	臧晓青, 钟林, 彭志海. 肝移植后感染的遗传易感性研究. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2013, 7(1): 238-239.
11.	Kim SI. Bacterial infection after liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(20): 6211-6220.
12.	Mukhtar A, Abdelaal A, Hussein M, et al. Infection complications and pattern of bacterial resistance in living-donor liver transplan tation: a multicenter epidemiologic study in Egypt. Transplant Proc, 2014, 46(5): 1444-1447.
13.	Bert F, Larroque B, Paugam-Burtz C, et al. Pretransplant fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and infection after liver transplant, France. Emerg Infect Dis, 2012, 18(6): 908-916.
14.	Sganga G, Bianco G, Frongillo F, et al. Fungal infections after liver transplantation: incidence and outcome. Transplant Proc, 2014, 46(7): 2314-2318.
15.	Rentz AM, Halpern MT, Bowden R. The impact of candidemia on length of hospital stay, outcome, and overall cost of illness. Clin Infect Dis, 1998, 27(4): 781-788.
16.	Meersseman W, Vandecasteele SJ, Wilmer A, et al. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients without malignancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004, 170(6): 621-625.
17.	Tortorano AM, Peman J, Bernhardt H, et al. Epidemiology of candi daemia in Europe: results of 28-month European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) hospital-based surveillance study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2004, 23(4): 317-322.
18.	Denning DW. Aspergillosis in " nonimmunocompromised” critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004, 170(6): 580-581.
19.	中华医学会儿科学分会感染学组, 全国儿科临床病毒感染协作组, 《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会. 儿童巨细胞病毒性疾病诊断和防治的建议. 中华儿科杂志, 2012, 50(4): 290-292.
20.	Carmelino J, Rodrigues S, Marques HP, et al. Biliary anastomosis in liver transplantation: with or without T-tube? Acta Med Port, 2017, 30(2): 122-126.
21.	Mateo R, Cho Y, Singh G, et al. Risk factors for graft survival after liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors: an analysis of OPTN/UNOS data. Am J Transplant, 2006, 6(4): 791-796.
22.	Welling TH, Heidt DG, Englesbe MJ, et al. Biliary complications following liver transplantation in the model for end-stage liver disease era: effect of donor, recipient, and technical factors. Liver Transpl, 2008, 14(1): 73-80.
23.	俞军, 谢尚奋, 夏伟良, 等. 心脏死亡供者肝移植受者胆道并发症风险因素分析. 浙江大学学报(医学版), 2014, 43(6): 664-669.
24.	Nguyen JH, Bonatti H, Dickson RC, et al. Long-term outcomes of donation after cardiac death liver allografts from a single center. Clin Transplant, 2009, 23(2): 168-173.
25.	范晓礼, 叶啟发, 王彦峰, 等. 比较心脏死亡器官捐赠与脑死亡器官捐赠供肝肝移植预后的荟萃分析. 中华器官移植杂志, 2014, 35(2): 86-93.
26.	Kochhar G, Parungao JM, Hanouneh IA, et al. Biliary complications following liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(19): 2841-2846.
27.	Sharma S, Gurakar A, Jabbour N. Biliary strictures following liver transplantation: past, present and preventive strategies. Liver Transpl, 2008, 14(6): 759-769.
28.	Kitazono MT, Qayyum A, Yeh BM, et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiography of biliary strictures after liver transplantation: a prospective double-blind study. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2007, 25(6): 1168-1173.
29.	Kyoden Y, Tamura S, Sugawara Y, et al. Incidence and manage ment of biliary complications after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. Clin Transplant, 2010, 24(4): 535-542.
30.	Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Hashimoto D. Biliary reconstruction, its complications and management of biliary complications after adult liver transplantation: a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors and outcome. Transpl Int, 2011, 24(4): 379-392.
31.	Graziadei IW, Schwaighofer H, Koch R, et al. Long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2006, 12(5): 718-725.
32.	Londoño MC, Balderramo D, Cárdenas A. Management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol, 2008, 14(4): 493-497.
33.	Faleschini G, Vadalà di Prampero SF, Bulajic M, et al. Predictors of endoscopic treatment outcome in the management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 27(2): 150-154.
34.	Shaked A. Use of T tube in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg, 1997, 3(5 Suppl 1): S22-S23.
35.	Wojcicki M, Lubikowski J, Klek R, et al. Reduction of biliary complication rate using continuous suture and no biliary drainage for duct-to-duct anastomosis in whole-organ liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2009, 41(8): 3126-3130.
36.	Wang SH, Lin PY, Wang JY, et al. Predictors of biliary leakage after T-tube removal in living donor liver transplantation recipients. Transplant Proc, 2015, 47(8): 2488-2492.
37.	Riediger C, Muller MW, Michalski CW, et al. T-Tube or no T-tube in the reconstruction of the biliary tract during orthotopic liver transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Transpl, 2010, 16(6): 705-717.
38.	Choudhary NS, Saigal S, Bansal RK, et al. Acute and chronic rejection after liver transplantation: what a clinician needs to know. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2017, 7(4): 358-366.
39.	Dogan N, Hüsing-Kabar A, Schmidt HH, et al. Acute allograft rejection in liver transplant recipients: Incidence, risk factors, treatment success, and impact on graft failure. J Int Med Res, 2018, Jan 1: 300060518785543.
40.	Wang YC, Wu TJ, Wu TH, et al. The risk factors to predict acute rejec tion in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2012, 44(2): 526-528.
41.	Hori T, Egawa H, Uemoto S. Antibody-mediated rejection after adult living-donor liver transplantation triggered by positive lymphocyte cross-match combination. Ann Gastroenterol, 2012, 25(1): 66-72.
42.	Kovandova B, Slavcev A, Sekerkova Z, et al. Antibody-mediated rejection after liver transplantation-relevance of C1q and C3d-binding antibodies. HLA, 2018, Jul 27.
43.	Gierej B, Kobryń K, Gierej P, et al. C4d in acute rejection after liver transplantation and its usefulness in differential diagnosis between acute liver rejection and hepatitis C recurrence. Ann Transplant, 2014, 19: 373-381.
44.	Choudhary NS, Saraf N, Saigal S, et al. Revisiting chronic rejection following living donor liver transplantation in the tacrolimus era: A single center experience. Clin Transplant, 2018, 32(2).
45.	周静, 张娜娜, 张一望, 等. 肝移植慢性排斥反应组织病理学特点分析. 实用器官移植电子杂志, 2017, 5(6): 425-428.
46.	丛文铭. 肝移植术后常见病变的病理诊断与分级指南(Ⅰ). 实用器官移植电子杂志, 2014, 2(5): 262-265.
47.	No authors listed. Banff schema for grading liver allograft rejection: an international consensus document. Hepatology, 1997, 25(3): 658-663.
48.	Choudhary NS, Saigal S, Shukla R, et al. Current status of immunosuppression in liver transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2013, 3(2): 150-158.
49.	Yang Y, Zhao JC, Yan LN, et al. Risk factors associated with early and late HAT after adult liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(30): 10545-10552.
50.	Zahr Eldeen F, Roll GR, Derosas C, et al. Preoperative thromboelastography as a sensitive tool predicting those at risk of developing early hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation. Transplantation, 2016, 100(11): 2382-2390.
51.	Voulgarelis S, Vitola B, Lerret SM, et al. Perioperative anticoagulation practices for pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant, 2018, 22(4): e13193.
52.	Mourad MM, Liossis C, Gunson BK, et al. Etiology and manage ment of hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2014, 20(6): 713-723.
53.	Pareja E, Cortes M, Navarro R, et al. Vascular complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: hepatic artery thrombosis. Transplant Proc, 2010, 42(8): 2970-2972.
54.	Goel A, Mehta N, Guy J, et al. Hepatic artery and biliary complica tions in liver transplant recipients undergoing pretransplant trans arterial chemoembolization. Liver Transpl, 2014, 20(10): 1221-1228.
55.	Hamby BA, Ramirez DE, Loss GE, et al. Endovascular treatment of hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation. J Vasc Surg, 2013, 57(4): 1067-1072.
56.	Reiter DA, Fischman AM, Shy BD. Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture: a case report and review of the literature. J Emerg Med, 2013, 44(1): 100-103.
57.	Heffron TG, Pillen T, Smallwood G, et al. Incidence, impact, and treatment of portal and hepatic venous complications following pediatric liver transplantation: a single-center 12 year experience. Pediatr Transplant, 2010, 14(6): 722-729.
58.	Diamond IR, Fecteau A, Millis JM, et al. Impact of graft type on out come in pediatric liver transplantation: a report From Studies of Pedia tric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT). Ann Surg, 2007, 246(2): 301-310.
59.	Moon JI, Jung GO, Choi GS, et al. Risk factors for portal vein complications after pediatric living donor liver transplantation with left-sided grafts. Transplant Proc, 2010, 42(3): 871-875.
60.	Sugawara Y, Makuuchi M, Tamura S, et al. Portal vein recon struction in adult living donor liver transplantation using cryopreserved vein grafts. Liver Transpl, 2006, 12(8): 1233-1236.
61.	Kensinger CD, Sexton KW, Baron CM, et al. Management of portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation with a combined open and endovascular approach. Liver Transpl, 2015, 21(1): 132-134.
62.	Kim JM, Kim KM, Yi NJ, et al. Pediatric liver transplantation outcomes in Korea. J Korean Med Sci, 2013, 28(1): 42-47.
63.	Chang WT, Kuo YT, Lee KT, et al. The value of primary vascular stents in management of early portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 2016, 32(3): 128-134.
64.	Chu HH, Yi NJ, Kim HC, et al. Longterm outcomes of stent placement for hepatic venous outflow obstruction in adult liver transplantation recipients. Liver Transpl, 2016, 22(11): 1554-1561.
65.	Wang SL, Sze DY, Busque S, et al. Treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation. Radiology, 2005, 236(1): 352-359.

1. 国家卫健委. 我国肝移植患者术后5年生存率已超70%. http://m.xinhuanet.com/health/2018-06/23/c_1123024593.htm.
2. Nafady-Hego H, Elgendy H, Moghazy WE, et al. Pattern of bacterial and fungal infections in the first 3 months after pediatric living donor liver transplantation: an 11-year single-center experience. Liver Transpl, 2011, 17(8): 976-984.
3. Watt KD, Pedersen RA, Kremers WK, et al. Evolution of causes and risk factors for mortality post-liver transplant: results of the NIDDK long-term follow-up study. Am J Transplant, 2010, 10(6): 1420-1427.
4. van Hoek B, de Rooij BJ, Verspaget HW. Risk factors for infection after liver transplantation. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2012, 26(1): 61-72.
5. Romero FA, Razonable RR. Infections in liver transplant recipients. World J Hepatol, 2011, 3(4): 83-92.
6. Saner FH, Olde Damink SW, Pavlakovic G, et al. Pulmonary and blood stream infections in adult living donor and cadaveric liver transplant patients. Transplantation, 2008, 85(11): 1564-1568.
7. Vera A, Contreras F, Guevara F. Incidence and risk factors for infections after liver transplant: single-center experience at the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia. Transpl Infect Dis, 2011, 13(6): 608-615.
8. 林健文, 韩明, 王小平, 等. 公民身后器官捐献肝移植术后早期细菌和真菌感染并发症的临床特点与危险因素分析. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2016, 10(5): 354-358.
9. Schramm C, Bubenheim M, Adam R, et al. Primary liver transplan tation for autoimmune hepatitis: a comparative analysis of the Euro pean Liver Transplant Registry. Liver Transpl, 2010, 16(4): 461-469.
10. 臧晓青, 钟林, 彭志海. 肝移植后感染的遗传易感性研究. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2013, 7(1): 238-239.
11. Kim SI. Bacterial infection after liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(20): 6211-6220.
12. Mukhtar A, Abdelaal A, Hussein M, et al. Infection complications and pattern of bacterial resistance in living-donor liver transplan tation: a multicenter epidemiologic study in Egypt. Transplant Proc, 2014, 46(5): 1444-1447.
13. Bert F, Larroque B, Paugam-Burtz C, et al. Pretransplant fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and infection after liver transplant, France. Emerg Infect Dis, 2012, 18(6): 908-916.
14. Sganga G, Bianco G, Frongillo F, et al. Fungal infections after liver transplantation: incidence and outcome. Transplant Proc, 2014, 46(7): 2314-2318.
15. Rentz AM, Halpern MT, Bowden R. The impact of candidemia on length of hospital stay, outcome, and overall cost of illness. Clin Infect Dis, 1998, 27(4): 781-788.
16. Meersseman W, Vandecasteele SJ, Wilmer A, et al. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients without malignancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004, 170(6): 621-625.
17. Tortorano AM, Peman J, Bernhardt H, et al. Epidemiology of candi daemia in Europe: results of 28-month European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) hospital-based surveillance study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2004, 23(4): 317-322.
18. Denning DW. Aspergillosis in " nonimmunocompromised” critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004, 170(6): 580-581.
19. 中华医学会儿科学分会感染学组, 全国儿科临床病毒感染协作组, 《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会. 儿童巨细胞病毒性疾病诊断和防治的建议. 中华儿科杂志, 2012, 50(4): 290-292.
20. Carmelino J, Rodrigues S, Marques HP, et al. Biliary anastomosis in liver transplantation: with or without T-tube? Acta Med Port, 2017, 30(2): 122-126.
21. Mateo R, Cho Y, Singh G, et al. Risk factors for graft survival after liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors: an analysis of OPTN/UNOS data. Am J Transplant, 2006, 6(4): 791-796.
22. Welling TH, Heidt DG, Englesbe MJ, et al. Biliary complications following liver transplantation in the model for end-stage liver disease era: effect of donor, recipient, and technical factors. Liver Transpl, 2008, 14(1): 73-80.
23. 俞军, 谢尚奋, 夏伟良, 等. 心脏死亡供者肝移植受者胆道并发症风险因素分析. 浙江大学学报(医学版), 2014, 43(6): 664-669.
24. Nguyen JH, Bonatti H, Dickson RC, et al. Long-term outcomes of donation after cardiac death liver allografts from a single center. Clin Transplant, 2009, 23(2): 168-173.
25. 范晓礼, 叶啟发, 王彦峰, 等. 比较心脏死亡器官捐赠与脑死亡器官捐赠供肝肝移植预后的荟萃分析. 中华器官移植杂志, 2014, 35(2): 86-93.
26. Kochhar G, Parungao JM, Hanouneh IA, et al. Biliary complications following liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(19): 2841-2846.
27. Sharma S, Gurakar A, Jabbour N. Biliary strictures following liver transplantation: past, present and preventive strategies. Liver Transpl, 2008, 14(6): 759-769.
28. Kitazono MT, Qayyum A, Yeh BM, et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiography of biliary strictures after liver transplantation: a prospective double-blind study. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2007, 25(6): 1168-1173.
29. Kyoden Y, Tamura S, Sugawara Y, et al. Incidence and manage ment of biliary complications after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. Clin Transplant, 2010, 24(4): 535-542.
30. Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Hashimoto D. Biliary reconstruction, its complications and management of biliary complications after adult liver transplantation: a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors and outcome. Transpl Int, 2011, 24(4): 379-392.
31. Graziadei IW, Schwaighofer H, Koch R, et al. Long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2006, 12(5): 718-725.
32. Londoño MC, Balderramo D, Cárdenas A. Management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: the role of endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol, 2008, 14(4): 493-497.
33. Faleschini G, Vadalà di Prampero SF, Bulajic M, et al. Predictors of endoscopic treatment outcome in the management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 27(2): 150-154.
34. Shaked A. Use of T tube in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg, 1997, 3(5 Suppl 1): S22-S23.
35. Wojcicki M, Lubikowski J, Klek R, et al. Reduction of biliary complication rate using continuous suture and no biliary drainage for duct-to-duct anastomosis in whole-organ liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2009, 41(8): 3126-3130.
36. Wang SH, Lin PY, Wang JY, et al. Predictors of biliary leakage after T-tube removal in living donor liver transplantation recipients. Transplant Proc, 2015, 47(8): 2488-2492.
37. Riediger C, Muller MW, Michalski CW, et al. T-Tube or no T-tube in the reconstruction of the biliary tract during orthotopic liver transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Transpl, 2010, 16(6): 705-717.
38. Choudhary NS, Saigal S, Bansal RK, et al. Acute and chronic rejection after liver transplantation: what a clinician needs to know. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2017, 7(4): 358-366.
39. Dogan N, Hüsing-Kabar A, Schmidt HH, et al. Acute allograft rejection in liver transplant recipients: Incidence, risk factors, treatment success, and impact on graft failure. J Int Med Res, 2018, Jan 1: 300060518785543.
40. Wang YC, Wu TJ, Wu TH, et al. The risk factors to predict acute rejec tion in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2012, 44(2): 526-528.
41. Hori T, Egawa H, Uemoto S. Antibody-mediated rejection after adult living-donor liver transplantation triggered by positive lymphocyte cross-match combination. Ann Gastroenterol, 2012, 25(1): 66-72.
42. Kovandova B, Slavcev A, Sekerkova Z, et al. Antibody-mediated rejection after liver transplantation-relevance of C1q and C3d-binding antibodies. HLA, 2018, Jul 27.
43. Gierej B, Kobryń K, Gierej P, et al. C4d in acute rejection after liver transplantation and its usefulness in differential diagnosis between acute liver rejection and hepatitis C recurrence. Ann Transplant, 2014, 19: 373-381.
44. Choudhary NS, Saraf N, Saigal S, et al. Revisiting chronic rejection following living donor liver transplantation in the tacrolimus era: A single center experience. Clin Transplant, 2018, 32(2).
45. 周静, 张娜娜, 张一望, 等. 肝移植慢性排斥反应组织病理学特点分析. 实用器官移植电子杂志, 2017, 5(6): 425-428.
46. 丛文铭. 肝移植术后常见病变的病理诊断与分级指南(Ⅰ). 实用器官移植电子杂志, 2014, 2(5): 262-265.
47. No authors listed. Banff schema for grading liver allograft rejection: an international consensus document. Hepatology, 1997, 25(3): 658-663.
48. Choudhary NS, Saigal S, Shukla R, et al. Current status of immunosuppression in liver transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2013, 3(2): 150-158.
49. Yang Y, Zhao JC, Yan LN, et al. Risk factors associated with early and late HAT after adult liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(30): 10545-10552.
50. Zahr Eldeen F, Roll GR, Derosas C, et al. Preoperative thromboelastography as a sensitive tool predicting those at risk of developing early hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation. Transplantation, 2016, 100(11): 2382-2390.
51. Voulgarelis S, Vitola B, Lerret SM, et al. Perioperative anticoagulation practices for pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant, 2018, 22(4): e13193.
52. Mourad MM, Liossis C, Gunson BK, et al. Etiology and manage ment of hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2014, 20(6): 713-723.
53. Pareja E, Cortes M, Navarro R, et al. Vascular complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: hepatic artery thrombosis. Transplant Proc, 2010, 42(8): 2970-2972.
54. Goel A, Mehta N, Guy J, et al. Hepatic artery and biliary complica tions in liver transplant recipients undergoing pretransplant trans arterial chemoembolization. Liver Transpl, 2014, 20(10): 1221-1228.
55. Hamby BA, Ramirez DE, Loss GE, et al. Endovascular treatment of hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation. J Vasc Surg, 2013, 57(4): 1067-1072.
56. Reiter DA, Fischman AM, Shy BD. Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture: a case report and review of the literature. J Emerg Med, 2013, 44(1): 100-103.
57. Heffron TG, Pillen T, Smallwood G, et al. Incidence, impact, and treatment of portal and hepatic venous complications following pediatric liver transplantation: a single-center 12 year experience. Pediatr Transplant, 2010, 14(6): 722-729.
58. Diamond IR, Fecteau A, Millis JM, et al. Impact of graft type on out come in pediatric liver transplantation: a report From Studies of Pedia tric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT). Ann Surg, 2007, 246(2): 301-310.
59. Moon JI, Jung GO, Choi GS, et al. Risk factors for portal vein complications after pediatric living donor liver transplantation with left-sided grafts. Transplant Proc, 2010, 42(3): 871-875.
60. Sugawara Y, Makuuchi M, Tamura S, et al. Portal vein recon struction in adult living donor liver transplantation using cryopreserved vein grafts. Liver Transpl, 2006, 12(8): 1233-1236.
61. Kensinger CD, Sexton KW, Baron CM, et al. Management of portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation with a combined open and endovascular approach. Liver Transpl, 2015, 21(1): 132-134.
62. Kim JM, Kim KM, Yi NJ, et al. Pediatric liver transplantation outcomes in Korea. J Korean Med Sci, 2013, 28(1): 42-47.
63. Chang WT, Kuo YT, Lee KT, et al. The value of primary vascular stents in management of early portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 2016, 32(3): 128-134.
64. Chu HH, Yi NJ, Kim HC, et al. Longterm outcomes of stent placement for hepatic venous outflow obstruction in adult liver transplantation recipients. Liver Transpl, 2016, 22(11): 1554-1561.
65. Wang SL, Sze DY, Busque S, et al. Treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation. Radiology, 2005, 236(1): 352-359.

Next Article
新挑战、新机遇：公民逝世后器官捐献时代肝移植术后缺血性胆管病变的发生和防治策略

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

肝移植术后并发症的防治现状及进展

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Next Article

Format

Content