肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症治疗指南解读_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 赵纪春 , 吴洲鹏 , 郭强

四川大学华西医院血管外科（成都 610041）;

Corresponding author：

赵纪春, Email: zhaojc3@126.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202003027

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Citation： 赵纪春, 吴洲鹏, 郭强. 肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症治疗指南解读. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2020, 27(4): 407-411. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202003027 Copy

1.	Langer F, Bokemeyer C. Crosstalk between cancer and haemostasis. Implications for cancer biology and cancer-associated thrombosis with focus on tissue factor. Hamostaseologie, 2012, 32(2): 95-104.
2.	Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 2004, 126(3 Suppl): 338S-400S.
3.	Khorana AA. Venous thromboembolism prevention in cancer outpatients. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2013, 11(11): 1431-1438.
4.	Farge D, Debourdeau P, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(1): 56-70.
5.	Debourdeau P, Farge D, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis associated with central venous catheters in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(1): 71-80.
6.	Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ, 2008, 336(7652): 1049-1051.
7.	Farge D, Bounameaux H, Brenner B, et al. International clinical practice guidelines including guidance for direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(10): e452-e466.
8.	Farge D, Frere C, Connors JM, et al. 2019 international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol, 2019, 20(10): e566-e581.
9.	Raskob GE, van Es N, Verhamme P, et al. Edoxaban for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med, 2018, 378(7): 615-624.
10.	Young AM, Marshall A, Thirlwall J, et al. Comparison of an oral factor Ⅹa inhibitor with low molecular weight heparin in patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism: results of a randomized trial (SELECT-D). J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(20): 2017-2023.
11.	Khorana AA, Soff GA, Kakkar AK, et al. Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in high-risk ambulatory patients with cancer. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(8): 720-728.
12.	McBane Ii R, Loprinzi CL, Ashrani A, et al. Apixaban and dalteparin in active malignancy associated venous thromboembolism. The ADAM VTE Trial. Thromb Haemost, 2017, 117(10): 1952-1961.
13.	Carrier M, Abou-Nassar K, Mallick R, et al. Apixaban to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(8): 711-719.
14.	Robertson L, Jones LE. Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017, 2: CD001100.
15.	Hakoum MB, Kahale LA, Tsolakian IG, et al. Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 1: CD006649.
16.	Kahale LA, Hakoum MB, Tsolakian IG, et al. Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 6: CD006650.
17.	Li A, Garcia DA, Lyman GH, et al. Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) versus low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for treatment of cancer associated thrombosis (CAT): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res, 2019, 173: 158-163.
18.	Muriel A, Jiménez D, Aujesky D, et al. Survival effects of inferior vena cava filter in patients with acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism and a significant bleeding risk. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63(16): 1675-1683.
19.	Narayan A, Hong K, Streiff M, et al. The impact of cancer on the clinical outcome of patients after inferior vena cava filter placement: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Clin Oncol, 2016, 39(3): 294-301.
20.	Brunson A, Ho G, White R, et al. Inferior vena cava filters in patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE): patterns of use and outcomes. Thromb Res, 2016, 140(Suppl 1): S132-S141.
21.	Casanegra AI, Landrum LM, Tafur AJ. Retrievable inferior vena cava filters in patients with cancer: complications and retrieval success rate. Int J Vasc Med, 2016, 2016: 6413541.
22.	Brunson A, Ho G, White R, et al. Inferior vena cava filters in patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) does not improve clinical outcomes: a population-based study. Thromb Res, 2017, 153: 57-64.
23.	Coombs C, Kuk D, Devlin S, et al. Outcomes after inferior vena cava filter placement in cancer patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism: risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2017, 44(4): 489-493.
24.	Stein PD, Matta F, Lawrence FR, et al. Inferior vena cava filters in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and cancer. Am J Med, 2018, 131(4): 442.
25.	Kang J, Kim SO, Oh YM, et al. Effect of post-filter anticoagulation on mortality in patients with cancer-associated pulmonary embolism. Int J Clin Oncol, 2018, 23(5): 1007-1013.
26.	Mellado M, Pijoan JI, Jiménez D, et al. Outcomes associated with inferior vena cava filters among patients with thromboembolic recurrence during anticoagulant therapy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2016, 9(23): 2440-2448.
27.	Muñoz Martín AJ, Ortega I, Font C, et al. Multivariable clinical-genetic risk model for predicting venous thromboembolic events in patients with cancer. Br J Cancer, 2018, 118(8): 1056-1061.
28.	Guo Q, Huang B, Zhao J, et al. Perioperative pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(6): 1087-1093.
29.	Fagarasanu A, Alotaibi GS, Hrimiuc R, et al. Role of extended thromboprophylaxis after abdominal and pelvic surgery in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(5): 1422-1430.
30.	Felder S, Rasmussen MS, King R, et al. Prolonged thrombo-prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 11: CD004318.
31.	Carrier M, Altman AD, Blais N, et al. Extended thrombo-prophylaxis with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) following abdominopelvic cancer surgery. Am J Surg, 2019, 218(3): 537-550.
32.	Pabinger I, van Es N, Heinze G, et al. A clinical prediction model for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a development and validation study in two independent prospective cohorts. Lancet Haematol, 2018, 5(7): e289-e298.
33.	Akl EA, Kahale L, Sperati F, et al. Low molecular weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin for perioperative thrombo-prophylaxis in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, (6): CD009447.
34.	Akl EA, Terrenato I, Barba M, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med, 2008, 168(12): 1261-1269.
35.	Jung YJ, Seo HS, Park CH, et al. Venous thromboembolism incidence and prophylaxis use after gastrectomy among korean patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: the PROTECTOR Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg, 2018, 153(10): 939-946.
36.	Di Nisio M, Porreca E, Candeloro M, et al. Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016, 12: CD008500.
37.	Khorana AA, Francis CW, Kuderer NM, et al. Dalteparin thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism: a randomized trial. Thromb Res, 2017, 151: 89-95.
38.	Ek L, Gezelius E, Bergman B, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ trial of low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin in addition to standard treatment in small-cell lung cancer: the RASTEN trial. Ann Oncol, 2018, 29(2): 398-404.
39.	Yu Y, Lv Q, Zhang B, et al. Adjuvant therapy with heparin in patients with lung cancer without indication for anticoagulants: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther, 2016, 12(Supplement): 37-42.
40.	Fuentes HE, Oramas DM, Paz LH, et al. Meta-analysis on anticoagulation and prevention of thrombosis and mortality among patients with lung cancer. Thromb Res, 2017, 154: 28-34.
41.	Thein KZ, Yeung SJ, Oo TH. Primary thromboprophylaxis (PTP) in ambulatory patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2018, 14(3): 210-216.
42.	Tun NM, Guevara E, Oo TH. Benefit and risk of primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 2016, 27(3): 270-274.
43.	Pelzer U, Opitz B, Deutschinoff G, et al. Efficacy of prophylactic low-molecular weight heparin for ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: outcomes from the CONKO-004 Trial. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(18): 2028-2034.
44.	Maraveyas A, Waters J, Roy R, et al. Gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus dalteparin thromboprophylaxis in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Cancer, 2012, 48(9): 1283-1292.
45.	Kahale LA, Hakoum MB, Tsolakian IG, et al. Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017, 12: CD006466.
46.	Kahale LA, Tsolakian IG, Hakoum MB, et al. Anticoagulation for people with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 6: CD006468.
47.	Lv Y, Hou Y, Pan B, et al. Risk associated with central catheters for malignant tumor patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(15): 12376-12388.
48.	Verso M, Agnelli G, Barni S, et al. A modified Khorana risk assessment score for venous thromboembolism in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: the Protecht score. Intern Emerg Med, 2012, 7(3): 291-292.
49.	Pelzer U, Sinn M, Stieler J, et al. Primary pharmacological prevention of thromboembolic events in ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with chemotherapy? Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 2013, 138(41): 2084-2088.
50.	Ay C, Dunkler D, Marosi C, et al. Prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Blood, 2010, 116(24): 5377-5382.

1. Langer F, Bokemeyer C. Crosstalk between cancer and haemostasis. Implications for cancer biology and cancer-associated thrombosis with focus on tissue factor. Hamostaseologie, 2012, 32(2): 95-104.
2. Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 2004, 126(3 Suppl): 338S-400S.
3. Khorana AA. Venous thromboembolism prevention in cancer outpatients. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2013, 11(11): 1431-1438.
4. Farge D, Debourdeau P, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(1): 56-70.
5. Debourdeau P, Farge D, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis associated with central venous catheters in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(1): 71-80.
6. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ, 2008, 336(7652): 1049-1051.
7. Farge D, Bounameaux H, Brenner B, et al. International clinical practice guidelines including guidance for direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(10): e452-e466.
8. Farge D, Frere C, Connors JM, et al. 2019 international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol, 2019, 20(10): e566-e581.
9. Raskob GE, van Es N, Verhamme P, et al. Edoxaban for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med, 2018, 378(7): 615-624.
10. Young AM, Marshall A, Thirlwall J, et al. Comparison of an oral factor Ⅹa inhibitor with low molecular weight heparin in patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism: results of a randomized trial (SELECT-D). J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(20): 2017-2023.
11. Khorana AA, Soff GA, Kakkar AK, et al. Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in high-risk ambulatory patients with cancer. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(8): 720-728.
12. McBane Ii R, Loprinzi CL, Ashrani A, et al. Apixaban and dalteparin in active malignancy associated venous thromboembolism. The ADAM VTE Trial. Thromb Haemost, 2017, 117(10): 1952-1961.
13. Carrier M, Abou-Nassar K, Mallick R, et al. Apixaban to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(8): 711-719.
14. Robertson L, Jones LE. Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017, 2: CD001100.
15. Hakoum MB, Kahale LA, Tsolakian IG, et al. Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 1: CD006649.
16. Kahale LA, Hakoum MB, Tsolakian IG, et al. Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 6: CD006650.
17. Li A, Garcia DA, Lyman GH, et al. Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) versus low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for treatment of cancer associated thrombosis (CAT): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res, 2019, 173: 158-163.
18. Muriel A, Jiménez D, Aujesky D, et al. Survival effects of inferior vena cava filter in patients with acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism and a significant bleeding risk. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63(16): 1675-1683.
19. Narayan A, Hong K, Streiff M, et al. The impact of cancer on the clinical outcome of patients after inferior vena cava filter placement: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Clin Oncol, 2016, 39(3): 294-301.
20. Brunson A, Ho G, White R, et al. Inferior vena cava filters in patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE): patterns of use and outcomes. Thromb Res, 2016, 140(Suppl 1): S132-S141.
21. Casanegra AI, Landrum LM, Tafur AJ. Retrievable inferior vena cava filters in patients with cancer: complications and retrieval success rate. Int J Vasc Med, 2016, 2016: 6413541.
22. Brunson A, Ho G, White R, et al. Inferior vena cava filters in patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) does not improve clinical outcomes: a population-based study. Thromb Res, 2017, 153: 57-64.
23. Coombs C, Kuk D, Devlin S, et al. Outcomes after inferior vena cava filter placement in cancer patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism: risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2017, 44(4): 489-493.
24. Stein PD, Matta F, Lawrence FR, et al. Inferior vena cava filters in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and cancer. Am J Med, 2018, 131(4): 442.
25. Kang J, Kim SO, Oh YM, et al. Effect of post-filter anticoagulation on mortality in patients with cancer-associated pulmonary embolism. Int J Clin Oncol, 2018, 23(5): 1007-1013.
26. Mellado M, Pijoan JI, Jiménez D, et al. Outcomes associated with inferior vena cava filters among patients with thromboembolic recurrence during anticoagulant therapy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2016, 9(23): 2440-2448.
27. Muñoz Martín AJ, Ortega I, Font C, et al. Multivariable clinical-genetic risk model for predicting venous thromboembolic events in patients with cancer. Br J Cancer, 2018, 118(8): 1056-1061.
28. Guo Q, Huang B, Zhao J, et al. Perioperative pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(6): 1087-1093.
29. Fagarasanu A, Alotaibi GS, Hrimiuc R, et al. Role of extended thromboprophylaxis after abdominal and pelvic surgery in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(5): 1422-1430.
30. Felder S, Rasmussen MS, King R, et al. Prolonged thrombo-prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 11: CD004318.
31. Carrier M, Altman AD, Blais N, et al. Extended thrombo-prophylaxis with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) following abdominopelvic cancer surgery. Am J Surg, 2019, 218(3): 537-550.
32. Pabinger I, van Es N, Heinze G, et al. A clinical prediction model for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: a development and validation study in two independent prospective cohorts. Lancet Haematol, 2018, 5(7): e289-e298.
33. Akl EA, Kahale L, Sperati F, et al. Low molecular weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin for perioperative thrombo-prophylaxis in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, (6): CD009447.
34. Akl EA, Terrenato I, Barba M, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med, 2008, 168(12): 1261-1269.
35. Jung YJ, Seo HS, Park CH, et al. Venous thromboembolism incidence and prophylaxis use after gastrectomy among korean patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: the PROTECTOR Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg, 2018, 153(10): 939-946.
36. Di Nisio M, Porreca E, Candeloro M, et al. Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016, 12: CD008500.
37. Khorana AA, Francis CW, Kuderer NM, et al. Dalteparin thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism: a randomized trial. Thromb Res, 2017, 151: 89-95.
38. Ek L, Gezelius E, Bergman B, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ trial of low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin in addition to standard treatment in small-cell lung cancer: the RASTEN trial. Ann Oncol, 2018, 29(2): 398-404.
39. Yu Y, Lv Q, Zhang B, et al. Adjuvant therapy with heparin in patients with lung cancer without indication for anticoagulants: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther, 2016, 12(Supplement): 37-42.
40. Fuentes HE, Oramas DM, Paz LH, et al. Meta-analysis on anticoagulation and prevention of thrombosis and mortality among patients with lung cancer. Thromb Res, 2017, 154: 28-34.
41. Thein KZ, Yeung SJ, Oo TH. Primary thromboprophylaxis (PTP) in ambulatory patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2018, 14(3): 210-216.
42. Tun NM, Guevara E, Oo TH. Benefit and risk of primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 2016, 27(3): 270-274.
43. Pelzer U, Opitz B, Deutschinoff G, et al. Efficacy of prophylactic low-molecular weight heparin for ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: outcomes from the CONKO-004 Trial. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(18): 2028-2034.
44. Maraveyas A, Waters J, Roy R, et al. Gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus dalteparin thromboprophylaxis in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Cancer, 2012, 48(9): 1283-1292.
45. Kahale LA, Hakoum MB, Tsolakian IG, et al. Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017, 12: CD006466.
46. Kahale LA, Tsolakian IG, Hakoum MB, et al. Anticoagulation for people with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 6: CD006468.
47. Lv Y, Hou Y, Pan B, et al. Risk associated with central catheters for malignant tumor patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(15): 12376-12388.
48. Verso M, Agnelli G, Barni S, et al. A modified Khorana risk assessment score for venous thromboembolism in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: the Protecht score. Intern Emerg Med, 2012, 7(3): 291-292.
49. Pelzer U, Sinn M, Stieler J, et al. Primary pharmacological prevention of thromboembolic events in ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with chemotherapy? Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 2013, 138(41): 2084-2088.
50. Ay C, Dunkler D, Marosi C, et al. Prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Blood, 2010, 116(24): 5377-5382.

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症治疗指南解读

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