- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
HUANG Zixing,
Email: zixinghuang@hotmail.com
In recent years, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been increasingly used for the treatment of peritoneal metastases. Imaging examination plays an important role in the process of CRS+HIPEC in treatment of peritoneal metastasis. This article briefly introduces the preoperative imaging evaluation, postoperative imaging evaluation, and current limitations of CRS+HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal metastases.
Citation： HUANG Zixing. Imaging evaluation of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal metastasis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2022, 29(5): 672-676. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202204013 Copy
| 1. | Sugarbaker PH. Peritoneal metastases, a frontier for progress. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2018, 27(3): 413-424. |
| 2. | Sugarbaker PH. Peritoneal metastases from gastrointestinal cancer. Curr Oncol Rep, 2018, 20(8): 62. doi: 10.1007/s11912-018-0703-0. |
| 3. | Kok NF, de Hingh IH. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin. Br J Surg, 2017, 104(4): 313-315. |
| 4. | Spiliotis J, Halkia E, de Bree E. Treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy-current perspectives. Curr Oncol, 2016, 23(3): e266-e275. |
| 5. | Yonemura Y, Elnemr A, Endou Y, et al. Multidisciplinary therapy for treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol, 2010, 2(2): 85-97. |
| 6. | Segelman J, Granath F, Holm T, et al. Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(5): 699-705. |
| 7. | Roviello F, Caruso S, Marrelli D, et al. Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: state of the art and future developments. Surg Oncol, 2011, 20(1): e38-e54. |
| 8. | Hesdorffer ME, Chabot JA, Keohan ML, et al. Combined resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and whole abdominal radiation for the treatment of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Am J Clin Oncol, 2008, 31(1): 49-54. |
| 9. | Yan TD, Brun EA, Cerruto CA, et al. Prognostic indicators for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(1): 41-49. |
| 10. | Klumpp BD, Aschoff P, Schwenzer N, et al. Peritoneal carcinomatosis: comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with surgical and histopathologic findings. Abdom Imaging, 2012, 37(5): 834-842. |
| 11. | Krishnamurthy S, Balasubramaniam R. Role of imaging in peritoneal surface malignancies. Indian J Surg Oncol, 2016, 7(4): 441-452. |
| 12. | Jacquet P, Jelinek JS, Steves MA, et al. Evaluation of computed tomography in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer, 1993, 72(5): 1631-1636. |
| 13. | Franiel T, Diederichs G, Engelken F, et al. Multi-detector CT in peritoneal carcinomatosis: diagnostic role of thin slices and multiplanar reconstructions. Abdom Imaging, 2009, 34(1): 49-54. |
| 14. | Kulinna C, Eibel R, Matzek W, et al. Staging of rectal cancer: diagnostic potential of multiplanar reconstructions with MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2004, 183(2): 421-427. |
| 15. | Pannu HK, Bristow RE, Montz FJ, et al. Multidetector CT of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Radiographics, 2003, 23(3): 687-701. |
| 16. | Laghi A, Bellini D, Rengo M, et al. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting peritoneal metastases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiol Med, 2017, 122(1): 1-15. |
| 17. | van’t Sant I, van Eden WJ, Engbersen MP, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI assessment of the peritoneal cancer index before cytoreductive surgery. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(4): 491-498. |
| 18. | Dresen RC, De Vuysere S, De Keyzer F, et al. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI for operability assessment in patients with colorectal cancer and peritoneal metastases. Cancer Imaging, 2019, 19(1): 1. doi: 10.1186/s40644-018-0187-z. |
| 19. | van’t Sant I, Engbersen MP, Bhairosing PA, et al. Diagnostic performance of imaging for the detection of peritoneal metastases: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol, 2020, 30(6): 3101-3112. |
| 20. | Aherne EA, Fenlon HM, Shields CJ, et al. What the radiologist should know about treatment of peritoneal malignancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2017, 208(3): 531-543. |
| 21. | Nougaret S, Addley HC, Colombo PE, et al. Ovarian carcinomatosis: how the radiologist can help plan the surgical approach. Radiographics, 2012, 32(6): 1775-1800, 1800-1803. |
| 22. | Coakley FV, Hricak H. Imaging of peritoneal and mesenteric disease: key concepts for the clinical radiologist. Clin Radiol, 1999, 54(9): 563-74. |
| 23. | Kyriazi S, Collins DJ, Morgan VA, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of peritoneal disease for noninvasive staging of advanced ovarian cancer. Radiographics, 2010, 30(5): 1269-1285. |
| 24. | Courcoutsakis N, Tentes AA, Astrinakis E, et al. CT-Enteroclysis in the preoperative assessment of the small-bowel involvement in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, candidates for cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Abdom Imaging, 2013, 38(1): 56-63. |
| 25. | Sureka B, Meena V, Garg P, et al. Computed tomography imaging of ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis: a pictorial review. Pol J Radiol, 2018, 83: e500-e509. |
| 26. | Panagiotopoulou PB, Courcoutsakis N, Tentes A, et al. CT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis with surgical correlation: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging, 2021, 12(1): 168. doi: 10.1186/s13244-021-01110-6. |
| 27. | Archer AG, Sugarbaker PH, Jelinek JS. Radiology of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat Res, 1996, 82: 263-288. |
| 28. | Jacquet P, Sugarbaker PH. Clinical research methodologies in diagnosis and staging of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat Res, 1996, 82: 359-374. |
| 29. | Abdalla Ahmed S, Abou-Taleb H, Ali N, et al. Accuracy of radiologic-laparoscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis categorization in the prediction of surgical outcome. Br J Radiol, 2019, 92(1100): 20190163. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190163. |
| 30. | Lee RM, Zaidi MY, Gamboa AC, et al. What is the optimal preoperative imaging modality for assessing peritoneal cancer index? An analysis from the United States HIPEC Collaborative. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2020, 19(1): e1-e7. |
| 31. | Hallam S, Tyler R, Price M, et al. Meta-analysis of prognostic factors for patients with colorectal peritoneal metastasis undergoing cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. BJS Open, 2019, 3(5): 585-594. |
| 32. | Chin KM, Tan G, Chia CS, et al. Novel prognostic score for outcomes after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. ANZ J Surg, 2020, 90(10): 1958-1964. |
| 33. | Sugarbaker PH, Sardi A, Brown G, et al. Concerning CT features used to select patients for treatment of peritoneal metastases, a pictoral essay. Int J Hyperthermia, 2017, 33(5): 497-504. |
| 34. | Bhatt A, Rousset P, Benzerdjeb N, et al. Prospective correlation of the radiological, surgical and pathological findings in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for colorectal peritoneal metastases: implications for the preoperative estimation of the peritoneal cancer index. Colorectal Dis, 2020, 22(12): 2123-2132. |
| 35. | Llueca A, Serra A, Rivadulla I, et al. Prediction of suboptimal cytoreductive surgery in patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on preoperative and intraoperative determination of the peritoneal carcinomatosis index. World J Surg Oncol, 2018, 16(1): 37. doi: 10.1186/s12957-018-1339-0. |
| 36. | Durot C, Rousset P, Thivolet A, et al. What the radiologist should know about postoperative MDCT evaluation of a patient treated with cytoreductive surgery with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Clin Radiol, 2018, 73(6): 517-525. |
| 37. | Dromain C, Bisdorff A, Elias D, et al. Computed tomographic features of peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2003, 27(3): 327-332. |
| 38. | Sugarbaker PH. Cytoreductive surgery and peri-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy as a curative approach to pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2001, 27(3): 239-243. |
| 39. | 中国抗癌协会腹膜肿瘤专业委员会, 广东省抗癌协会肿瘤热疗专业委员会. 中国腹腔热灌注化疗技术临床应用专家共识(2019版). 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100(2): 89-96. |
| 40. | Younan R, Kusamura S, Baratti D, et al. Bowel complications in 203 cases of peritoneal surface malignancies treated with peritonectomy and closed-technique intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion. Ann Surg Oncol, 2005, 12(11): 910-918. |
| 41. | Verwaal VJ, van Tinteren H, Ruth SV, et al. Toxicity of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol, 2004, 85(2): 61-67. |
| 42. | van der Kolk BM, de Man BM, Wobbes T, et al. Is early post-operative treatment with 5-fluorouracil possible without affecting anastomotic strength in the intestine? Br J Cancer, 1999, 79(3-4): 545-550. |
| 43. | Koh JL, Yan TD, Glenn D, et al. Evaluation of preoperative computed tomography in estimating peritoneal cancer index in colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2): 327-333. |
| 44. | Low RN, Barone RM, Rousset P. Peritoneal MRI in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: History, clinical applications, and implementation. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2021, 47(1): 65-74. |
| 45. | Diop AD, Fontarensky M, Montoriol PF, et al. CT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis and its mimics. Diagn Interv Imaging, 2014, 95(9): 861-872. |
| 46. | Torkzad MR, Casta N, Bergman A, et al. Comparison between MRI and CT in prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery in relation to the experience of the radiologist. J Surg Oncol, 2015, 111(6): 746-751. |
| 47. | Hübner M, Kusamura S, Villeneuve L, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) with or without hyperthermic IntraPEritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations - Part Ⅱ: Postoperative management and special considerations. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2020, 46(12): 2311-2323. |
- 1. Sugarbaker PH. Peritoneal metastases, a frontier for progress. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2018, 27(3): 413-424.
- 2. Sugarbaker PH. Peritoneal metastases from gastrointestinal cancer. Curr Oncol Rep, 2018, 20(8): 62. doi: 10.1007/s11912-018-0703-0.
- 3. Kok NF, de Hingh IH. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin. Br J Surg, 2017, 104(4): 313-315.
- 4. Spiliotis J, Halkia E, de Bree E. Treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy-current perspectives. Curr Oncol, 2016, 23(3): e266-e275.
- 5. Yonemura Y, Elnemr A, Endou Y, et al. Multidisciplinary therapy for treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol, 2010, 2(2): 85-97.
- 6. Segelman J, Granath F, Holm T, et al. Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(5): 699-705.
- 7. Roviello F, Caruso S, Marrelli D, et al. Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: state of the art and future developments. Surg Oncol, 2011, 20(1): e38-e54.
- 8. Hesdorffer ME, Chabot JA, Keohan ML, et al. Combined resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and whole abdominal radiation for the treatment of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Am J Clin Oncol, 2008, 31(1): 49-54.
- 9. Yan TD, Brun EA, Cerruto CA, et al. Prognostic indicators for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(1): 41-49.
- 10. Klumpp BD, Aschoff P, Schwenzer N, et al. Peritoneal carcinomatosis: comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with surgical and histopathologic findings. Abdom Imaging, 2012, 37(5): 834-842.
- 11. Krishnamurthy S, Balasubramaniam R. Role of imaging in peritoneal surface malignancies. Indian J Surg Oncol, 2016, 7(4): 441-452.
- 12. Jacquet P, Jelinek JS, Steves MA, et al. Evaluation of computed tomography in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer, 1993, 72(5): 1631-1636.
- 13. Franiel T, Diederichs G, Engelken F, et al. Multi-detector CT in peritoneal carcinomatosis: diagnostic role of thin slices and multiplanar reconstructions. Abdom Imaging, 2009, 34(1): 49-54.
- 14. Kulinna C, Eibel R, Matzek W, et al. Staging of rectal cancer: diagnostic potential of multiplanar reconstructions with MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2004, 183(2): 421-427.
- 15. Pannu HK, Bristow RE, Montz FJ, et al. Multidetector CT of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Radiographics, 2003, 23(3): 687-701.
- 16. Laghi A, Bellini D, Rengo M, et al. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting peritoneal metastases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiol Med, 2017, 122(1): 1-15.
- 17. van’t Sant I, van Eden WJ, Engbersen MP, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI assessment of the peritoneal cancer index before cytoreductive surgery. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(4): 491-498.
- 18. Dresen RC, De Vuysere S, De Keyzer F, et al. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI for operability assessment in patients with colorectal cancer and peritoneal metastases. Cancer Imaging, 2019, 19(1): 1. doi: 10.1186/s40644-018-0187-z.
- 19. van’t Sant I, Engbersen MP, Bhairosing PA, et al. Diagnostic performance of imaging for the detection of peritoneal metastases: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol, 2020, 30(6): 3101-3112.
- 20. Aherne EA, Fenlon HM, Shields CJ, et al. What the radiologist should know about treatment of peritoneal malignancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2017, 208(3): 531-543.
- 21. Nougaret S, Addley HC, Colombo PE, et al. Ovarian carcinomatosis: how the radiologist can help plan the surgical approach. Radiographics, 2012, 32(6): 1775-1800, 1800-1803.
- 22. Coakley FV, Hricak H. Imaging of peritoneal and mesenteric disease: key concepts for the clinical radiologist. Clin Radiol, 1999, 54(9): 563-74.
- 23. Kyriazi S, Collins DJ, Morgan VA, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of peritoneal disease for noninvasive staging of advanced ovarian cancer. Radiographics, 2010, 30(5): 1269-1285.
- 24. Courcoutsakis N, Tentes AA, Astrinakis E, et al. CT-Enteroclysis in the preoperative assessment of the small-bowel involvement in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, candidates for cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Abdom Imaging, 2013, 38(1): 56-63.
- 25. Sureka B, Meena V, Garg P, et al. Computed tomography imaging of ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis: a pictorial review. Pol J Radiol, 2018, 83: e500-e509.
- 26. Panagiotopoulou PB, Courcoutsakis N, Tentes A, et al. CT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis with surgical correlation: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging, 2021, 12(1): 168. doi: 10.1186/s13244-021-01110-6.
- 27. Archer AG, Sugarbaker PH, Jelinek JS. Radiology of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat Res, 1996, 82: 263-288.
- 28. Jacquet P, Sugarbaker PH. Clinical research methodologies in diagnosis and staging of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat Res, 1996, 82: 359-374.
- 29. Abdalla Ahmed S, Abou-Taleb H, Ali N, et al. Accuracy of radiologic-laparoscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis categorization in the prediction of surgical outcome. Br J Radiol, 2019, 92(1100): 20190163. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190163.
- 30. Lee RM, Zaidi MY, Gamboa AC, et al. What is the optimal preoperative imaging modality for assessing peritoneal cancer index? An analysis from the United States HIPEC Collaborative. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2020, 19(1): e1-e7.
- 31. Hallam S, Tyler R, Price M, et al. Meta-analysis of prognostic factors for patients with colorectal peritoneal metastasis undergoing cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. BJS Open, 2019, 3(5): 585-594.
- 32. Chin KM, Tan G, Chia CS, et al. Novel prognostic score for outcomes after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. ANZ J Surg, 2020, 90(10): 1958-1964.
- 33. Sugarbaker PH, Sardi A, Brown G, et al. Concerning CT features used to select patients for treatment of peritoneal metastases, a pictoral essay. Int J Hyperthermia, 2017, 33(5): 497-504.
- 34. Bhatt A, Rousset P, Benzerdjeb N, et al. Prospective correlation of the radiological, surgical and pathological findings in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for colorectal peritoneal metastases: implications for the preoperative estimation of the peritoneal cancer index. Colorectal Dis, 2020, 22(12): 2123-2132.
- 35. Llueca A, Serra A, Rivadulla I, et al. Prediction of suboptimal cytoreductive surgery in patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on preoperative and intraoperative determination of the peritoneal carcinomatosis index. World J Surg Oncol, 2018, 16(1): 37. doi: 10.1186/s12957-018-1339-0.
- 36. Durot C, Rousset P, Thivolet A, et al. What the radiologist should know about postoperative MDCT evaluation of a patient treated with cytoreductive surgery with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Clin Radiol, 2018, 73(6): 517-525.
- 37. Dromain C, Bisdorff A, Elias D, et al. Computed tomographic features of peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2003, 27(3): 327-332.
- 38. Sugarbaker PH. Cytoreductive surgery and peri-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy as a curative approach to pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2001, 27(3): 239-243.
- 39. 中国抗癌协会腹膜肿瘤专业委员会, 广东省抗癌协会肿瘤热疗专业委员会. 中国腹腔热灌注化疗技术临床应用专家共识(2019版). 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100(2): 89-96.
- 40. Younan R, Kusamura S, Baratti D, et al. Bowel complications in 203 cases of peritoneal surface malignancies treated with peritonectomy and closed-technique intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion. Ann Surg Oncol, 2005, 12(11): 910-918.
- 41. Verwaal VJ, van Tinteren H, Ruth SV, et al. Toxicity of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol, 2004, 85(2): 61-67.
- 42. van der Kolk BM, de Man BM, Wobbes T, et al. Is early post-operative treatment with 5-fluorouracil possible without affecting anastomotic strength in the intestine? Br J Cancer, 1999, 79(3-4): 545-550.
- 43. Koh JL, Yan TD, Glenn D, et al. Evaluation of preoperative computed tomography in estimating peritoneal cancer index in colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2): 327-333.
- 44. Low RN, Barone RM, Rousset P. Peritoneal MRI in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: History, clinical applications, and implementation. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2021, 47(1): 65-74.
- 45. Diop AD, Fontarensky M, Montoriol PF, et al. CT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis and its mimics. Diagn Interv Imaging, 2014, 95(9): 861-872.
- 46. Torkzad MR, Casta N, Bergman A, et al. Comparison between MRI and CT in prediction of peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery in relation to the experience of the radiologist. J Surg Oncol, 2015, 111(6): 746-751.
- 47. Hübner M, Kusamura S, Villeneuve L, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) with or without hyperthermic IntraPEritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations - Part Ⅱ: Postoperative management and special considerations. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2020, 46(12): 2311-2323.