Research progress of biomarkers related to deep vein thrombosis_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

XU Qinchen ¹ , GAO Shilin ² , WU Zhoupeng ³ , LIU Chunjuan ¹ ,  WANG Mojin ⁴

1. Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
2. West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
3. Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
4. Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Mojin, Email: wangmojin2001@163.com

Keywords：

deep vein thrombosis; biomarker; research progress

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202403058

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize the new biomarkers of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and their research progress, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DVT. Method The literature about biomarkers of DVT in recent 5 years was reviewed and summarized. Results According to the results of literature review, a variety of common DVT biomarkers such as serum microrna, fibrin monomer, neutrophil capture net, and E-selectin were sorted out, but most of them had not been used in clinical DVT management. At present, the clinical diagnosis of DVT required the combination of positive D-dimer test and positive imaging examination, and there was no single biomarker for the diagnosis of DVT. Conclusions Biomarkers are valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of DVT, but their sensitivity and specificity need to be optimized. Therefore, finding biomarkers with more diagnostic value is one of the future directions. At the same time, we also can consider fully combined with a variety of existing biomarkers, to improve the efficiency to the diagnosis of DVT.

Citation： XU Qinchen, GAO Shilin, WU Zhoupeng, LIU Chunjuan, WANG Mojin. Research progress of biomarkers related to deep vein thrombosis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2024, 31(8): 1019-1024. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202403058 Copy

1.	中国健康促进基金会血栓与血管专项基金专家委员会, 中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会肺栓塞与肺血管病工作委员会. 医院内静脉血栓栓塞症防治与管理建议. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(18): 1383-1388.
2.	吴洲鹏, 赵纪春, 马玉奎. 《欧洲血管外科学会(ESVS)2021年静脉血栓管理临床实践指南》解读. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2021, 28(2): 165-170.
3.	中华医学会外科学分会血管外科学组. 深静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗指南(第三版). 中国血管外科杂志(电子版), 2017, 9(4): 250-257.
4.	Jacobs B, Obi A, Wakefield T. Diagnostic biomarkers in venous thromboembolic disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2016, 4(4): 508-517.
5.	Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e419S-e496S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2301.
6.	Vandy FC, Stabler C, Eliassen AM, et al. Soluble P-selectin for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2013, 1(2): 117-1125.
7.	Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Mostafa Parizadeh S, Sabeti Aghabozorgi A, et al. Circulating and tissue microRNAs as a potential diagnostic biomarker in patients with thrombotic events. J Cell Physiol, 2020, 235(10): 6393-6403.
8.	Parizadeh SM, Ferns GA, Ghandehari M, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating microRNAs in coronary artery disease: a novel approach to disease diagnosis of stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome. J Cell Physiol, 2018, 233(9): 6418-6424.
9.	Eyileten C, Wicik Z, De Rosa S, et al. MicroRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in ischemic stroke—a comprehensive review and bioinformatic analysis. Cells, 2018, 7(12): 249. doi: 10.3390/cells7120249.
10.	Zhu XM, Wu LJ, Xu J, et al. Let-7c microRNA expression and clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(6): 2323-2329.
11.	Zhou W, Zou B, Liu L, et al. MicroRNA-98 acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting SALL4. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(45): 74059-74073.
12.	Qin J, Liang H, Shi D, et al. A panel of microRNAs as a new biomarkers for the detection of deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2015, 39(2): 215-221.
13.	Xie X, Liu C, Lin W, et al. Deep vein thrombosis is accurately predicted by comprehensive analysis of the levels of microRNA-96 and plasma D-dimer. Exp Ther Med, 2016, 12(3): 1896-1900.
14.	Li NX, Sun JW, Yu LM. Evaluation of the circulating microRNA-495 and Stat3 as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J Cell Biochem, 2018, 119(7): 5262-5273.
15.	Wang W, Zhu X, Du X, et al. MiR-150 promotes angiogensis and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells in deep venous thrombosis by targeting SRCIN1. Microvasc Res, 2019, 123: 35-41.
16.	Jiang Z, Ma J, Wang Q, et al. Combination of circulating miRNA-320a/b and D-dimer improves diagnostic accuracy in deep vein thrombosis patients. Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24: 2031-2037.
17.	McEver RP. Selectins: initiators of leucocyte adhesion and signalling at the vascular wall. Cardiovasc Res, 2015, 107(3): 331-339.
18.	Myers D Jr, Farris D, Hawley A, et al. Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis. J Surg Res, 2002, 108(2): 212-221.
19.	Jilma B, Kovar FM, Hron G, et al. Homozygosity in the single nucleotide polymorphism Ser128Arg in the E-selectin gene associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med, 2006, 166(15): 1655-1659.
20.	Myers DD Jr, Ning J, Lester P, et al. E-selectin inhibitor is superior to low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of experimental venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2022, 10(1): 211-220.
21.	Purdy M, Obi A, Myers D, et al. P- and E- selectin in venous thrombosis and non-venous pathologies. J Thromb Haemost, 2022, 20(5): 1056-1066.
22.	Myers D Jr, Lester P, Adili R, et al. A new way to treat proximal deep venous thrombosis using E-selectin inhibition. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2020, 8(2): 268-278.
23.	Girard TJ, Warren LA, Novotny WF, et al. Functional significance of the Kunitz-type inhibitory domains of lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor. Nature, 1989, 338(6215): 518-520.
24.	Broze GJ Jr, Warren LA, Novotny WF, et al. The lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor that inhibits the factor Ⅶ-tissue factor complex also inhibits factor Ⅹ a: insight into its possible mechanism of action. Blood, 1988, 71(2): 335-343.
25.	Cao X, Su Y, Zhang W, et al. The impact of anticoagulant activity of tissue factor pathway inhibitor measured by a novel functional assay for predicting deep venous thrombosis in trauma patients: a prospective nested case-control study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2021, 27: 10760296211063877. doi: 10.1177/10760296211063877.
26.	Sidelmann JJ, Bladbjerg EM, Gram J, et al. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor relates to fibrin degradation in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 2008, 19(5): 405-409.
27.	Dahm A, Van Hylckama Vlieg A, Bendz B, et al. Low levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood, 2003, 101(11): 4387-4392.
28.	Reyes-García AML, Aroca A, Arroyo AB, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap components increase the expression of coagulation factors. Biomed Rep, 2019, 10(3): 195-201.
29.	Wang Y, Luo L, Braun OÖ, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap-microparticle complexes enhance thrombin generation via the intrinsic pathway of coagulation in mice. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 4020. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22156-5.
30.	Lim GB. Inflammation: DNases prevent clots formed by neutrophil extracellular traps. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2018, 15(2): 69. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.216.
31.	Liu L, Zhang W, Su Y, et al. The impact of neutrophil extracellular traps on deep venous thrombosis in patients with traumatic fractures. Clin Chim Acta, 2021, 519: 231-238.
32.	Laridan E, Denorme F, Desender L, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps in ischemic stroke thrombi. Ann Neurol, 2017, 82(2): 223-232.
33.	Peña-Martínez C, Durán-Laforet V, García-Culebras A, et al. Pharmacological modulation of neutrophil extracellular traps reverses thrombotic stroke tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) Resistance. Stroke, 2019, 50(11): 3228-3237.
34.	Liu X, Arfman T, Wichapong K, et al. PAD4 takes charge during neutrophil activation: impact of PAD4 mediated NET formation on immune-mediated disease. J Thromb Haemost, 2021, 19(7): 1607-1617.
35.	Okeke EB, Louttit C, Fry C, et al. Inhibition of neutrophil elastase prevents neutrophil extracellular trap formation and rescues mice from endotoxic shock. Biomaterials, 2020, 238: 119836. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119836.
36.	Sae-Khow K, Charoensappakit A, Chiewchengchol D, et al. High-dose intravenous ascorbate in sepsis, a pro-oxidant enhanced microbicidal activity and the effect on neutrophil functions. Biomedicines, 2022, 11(1): 51. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010051.
37.	Hou H, Ge Z, Ying P, et al. Biomarkers of deep venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2012, 34(3): 335-346.
38.	陈哲, 林红, 王芳, 等. 血清纤维蛋白单体在下肢骨折术后深静脉血栓诊断中的应用效能. 山东医药, 2020, 60(6): 75-77.
39.	Schutgens RE, Haas FJ, Agterof MJ, et al. The role of fibrin monomers in optimizing the diagnostic work-up of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost, 2007, 97(5): 807-813.
40.	Iwamoto T, Hatayama Y, Namba H, et al. Fibrin monomer complex as a potential thrombosis marker related to venous thromboembolism risk in pregnant women. Ann Clin Biochem, 2023, 60(4): 279-285.
41.	Anastasiou G, Gialeraki A, Merkouri E, et al. Thrombomodulin as a regulator of the anticoagulant pathway: implication in the development of thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 2012, 23(1): 1-10.
42.	Lopez-Ramirez MA, Pham A, Girard R, et al. Cerebral cavernous malformations form an anticoagulant vascular domain in humans and mice. Blood, 2019, 133(3): 193-204.
43.	Wolberg AS, Rosendaal FR, Weitz JI, et al. Venous thrombosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2015, 1: 15006. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.6.
44.	Cheng X, Sun B, Liu S, et al. Identification of thrombomodulin as a dynamic monitoring biomarker for deep venous thrombosis evolution. Exp Ther Med, 2021, 21(2): 142. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9574.
45.	孙宇婷, 高春艳. 微粒在血栓性疾病中的研究进展. 医学综述, 2021, 27(2): 275-279.
46.	Timp JF, Braekkan SK, Versteeg HH, et al. Epidemiology of cancer-associated venous thrombosis. Blood, 2013, 122(10): 1712-1723.
47.	Stark K, Schubert I, Joshi U, et al. Distinct pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer microvesicle-associated venous thrombosis identifies new antithrombotic targets in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2018, 38(4): 772-786.
48.	Oto J, Navarro S, Larsen AC, et al. MicroRNAs and neutrophil activation markers predict venous thrombosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(3): 840. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030840.
49.	Anghel L, Sascău R, Radu R, et al. From classical laboratory parameters to novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(6): 1920. doi: 10.3390/ijms21061920.
50.	Lou Z, Zhu J, Li X, et al. LncRNA Sirt1-AS upregulates Sirt1 to attenuate aging related deep venous thrombosis. Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(5): 6918-6935.
51.	Wang X, Memon AA, Hedelius A, et al. Association of circulating long noncoding 7S RNA with deep vein thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2023, 49(7): 702-708.
52.	Jensen SB, Hindberg K, Solomon T, et al. Discovery of novel plasma biomarkers for future incident venous thromboembolism by untargeted synchronous precursor selection mass spectrometry proteomics. J Thromb Haemost, 2018, 16(9): 1763-1774.

1. 中国健康促进基金会血栓与血管专项基金专家委员会, 中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会肺栓塞与肺血管病工作委员会. 医院内静脉血栓栓塞症防治与管理建议. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(18): 1383-1388.
2. 吴洲鹏, 赵纪春, 马玉奎. 《欧洲血管外科学会(ESVS)2021年静脉血栓管理临床实践指南》解读. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2021, 28(2): 165-170.
3. 中华医学会外科学分会血管外科学组. 深静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗指南(第三版). 中国血管外科杂志(电子版), 2017, 9(4): 250-257.
4. Jacobs B, Obi A, Wakefield T. Diagnostic biomarkers in venous thromboembolic disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2016, 4(4): 508-517.
5. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e419S-e496S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2301.
6. Vandy FC, Stabler C, Eliassen AM, et al. Soluble P-selectin for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2013, 1(2): 117-1125.
7. Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Mostafa Parizadeh S, Sabeti Aghabozorgi A, et al. Circulating and tissue microRNAs as a potential diagnostic biomarker in patients with thrombotic events. J Cell Physiol, 2020, 235(10): 6393-6403.
8. Parizadeh SM, Ferns GA, Ghandehari M, et al. The diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating microRNAs in coronary artery disease: a novel approach to disease diagnosis of stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome. J Cell Physiol, 2018, 233(9): 6418-6424.
9. Eyileten C, Wicik Z, De Rosa S, et al. MicroRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in ischemic stroke—a comprehensive review and bioinformatic analysis. Cells, 2018, 7(12): 249. doi: 10.3390/cells7120249.
10. Zhu XM, Wu LJ, Xu J, et al. Let-7c microRNA expression and clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(6): 2323-2329.
11. Zhou W, Zou B, Liu L, et al. MicroRNA-98 acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting SALL4. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(45): 74059-74073.
12. Qin J, Liang H, Shi D, et al. A panel of microRNAs as a new biomarkers for the detection of deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2015, 39(2): 215-221.
13. Xie X, Liu C, Lin W, et al. Deep vein thrombosis is accurately predicted by comprehensive analysis of the levels of microRNA-96 and plasma D-dimer. Exp Ther Med, 2016, 12(3): 1896-1900.
14. Li NX, Sun JW, Yu LM. Evaluation of the circulating microRNA-495 and Stat3 as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J Cell Biochem, 2018, 119(7): 5262-5273.
15. Wang W, Zhu X, Du X, et al. MiR-150 promotes angiogensis and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells in deep venous thrombosis by targeting SRCIN1. Microvasc Res, 2019, 123: 35-41.
16. Jiang Z, Ma J, Wang Q, et al. Combination of circulating miRNA-320a/b and D-dimer improves diagnostic accuracy in deep vein thrombosis patients. Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24: 2031-2037.
17. McEver RP. Selectins: initiators of leucocyte adhesion and signalling at the vascular wall. Cardiovasc Res, 2015, 107(3): 331-339.
18. Myers D Jr, Farris D, Hawley A, et al. Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis. J Surg Res, 2002, 108(2): 212-221.
19. Jilma B, Kovar FM, Hron G, et al. Homozygosity in the single nucleotide polymorphism Ser128Arg in the E-selectin gene associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med, 2006, 166(15): 1655-1659.
20. Myers DD Jr, Ning J, Lester P, et al. E-selectin inhibitor is superior to low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of experimental venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2022, 10(1): 211-220.
21. Purdy M, Obi A, Myers D, et al. P- and E- selectin in venous thrombosis and non-venous pathologies. J Thromb Haemost, 2022, 20(5): 1056-1066.
22. Myers D Jr, Lester P, Adili R, et al. A new way to treat proximal deep venous thrombosis using E-selectin inhibition. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2020, 8(2): 268-278.
23. Girard TJ, Warren LA, Novotny WF, et al. Functional significance of the Kunitz-type inhibitory domains of lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor. Nature, 1989, 338(6215): 518-520.
24. Broze GJ Jr, Warren LA, Novotny WF, et al. The lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor that inhibits the factor Ⅶ-tissue factor complex also inhibits factor Ⅹ a: insight into its possible mechanism of action. Blood, 1988, 71(2): 335-343.
25. Cao X, Su Y, Zhang W, et al. The impact of anticoagulant activity of tissue factor pathway inhibitor measured by a novel functional assay for predicting deep venous thrombosis in trauma patients: a prospective nested case-control study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2021, 27: 10760296211063877. doi: 10.1177/10760296211063877.
26. Sidelmann JJ, Bladbjerg EM, Gram J, et al. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor relates to fibrin degradation in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 2008, 19(5): 405-409.
27. Dahm A, Van Hylckama Vlieg A, Bendz B, et al. Low levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood, 2003, 101(11): 4387-4392.
28. Reyes-García AML, Aroca A, Arroyo AB, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap components increase the expression of coagulation factors. Biomed Rep, 2019, 10(3): 195-201.
29. Wang Y, Luo L, Braun OÖ, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap-microparticle complexes enhance thrombin generation via the intrinsic pathway of coagulation in mice. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 4020. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22156-5.
30. Lim GB. Inflammation: DNases prevent clots formed by neutrophil extracellular traps. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2018, 15(2): 69. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.216.
31. Liu L, Zhang W, Su Y, et al. The impact of neutrophil extracellular traps on deep venous thrombosis in patients with traumatic fractures. Clin Chim Acta, 2021, 519: 231-238.
32. Laridan E, Denorme F, Desender L, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps in ischemic stroke thrombi. Ann Neurol, 2017, 82(2): 223-232.
33. Peña-Martínez C, Durán-Laforet V, García-Culebras A, et al. Pharmacological modulation of neutrophil extracellular traps reverses thrombotic stroke tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) Resistance. Stroke, 2019, 50(11): 3228-3237.
34. Liu X, Arfman T, Wichapong K, et al. PAD4 takes charge during neutrophil activation: impact of PAD4 mediated NET formation on immune-mediated disease. J Thromb Haemost, 2021, 19(7): 1607-1617.
35. Okeke EB, Louttit C, Fry C, et al. Inhibition of neutrophil elastase prevents neutrophil extracellular trap formation and rescues mice from endotoxic shock. Biomaterials, 2020, 238: 119836. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119836.
36. Sae-Khow K, Charoensappakit A, Chiewchengchol D, et al. High-dose intravenous ascorbate in sepsis, a pro-oxidant enhanced microbicidal activity and the effect on neutrophil functions. Biomedicines, 2022, 11(1): 51. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010051.
37. Hou H, Ge Z, Ying P, et al. Biomarkers of deep venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2012, 34(3): 335-346.
38. 陈哲, 林红, 王芳, 等. 血清纤维蛋白单体在下肢骨折术后深静脉血栓诊断中的应用效能. 山东医药, 2020, 60(6): 75-77.
39. Schutgens RE, Haas FJ, Agterof MJ, et al. The role of fibrin monomers in optimizing the diagnostic work-up of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost, 2007, 97(5): 807-813.
40. Iwamoto T, Hatayama Y, Namba H, et al. Fibrin monomer complex as a potential thrombosis marker related to venous thromboembolism risk in pregnant women. Ann Clin Biochem, 2023, 60(4): 279-285.
41. Anastasiou G, Gialeraki A, Merkouri E, et al. Thrombomodulin as a regulator of the anticoagulant pathway: implication in the development of thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 2012, 23(1): 1-10.
42. Lopez-Ramirez MA, Pham A, Girard R, et al. Cerebral cavernous malformations form an anticoagulant vascular domain in humans and mice. Blood, 2019, 133(3): 193-204.
43. Wolberg AS, Rosendaal FR, Weitz JI, et al. Venous thrombosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2015, 1: 15006. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.6.
44. Cheng X, Sun B, Liu S, et al. Identification of thrombomodulin as a dynamic monitoring biomarker for deep venous thrombosis evolution. Exp Ther Med, 2021, 21(2): 142. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9574.
45. 孙宇婷, 高春艳. 微粒在血栓性疾病中的研究进展. 医学综述, 2021, 27(2): 275-279.
46. Timp JF, Braekkan SK, Versteeg HH, et al. Epidemiology of cancer-associated venous thrombosis. Blood, 2013, 122(10): 1712-1723.
47. Stark K, Schubert I, Joshi U, et al. Distinct pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer microvesicle-associated venous thrombosis identifies new antithrombotic targets in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2018, 38(4): 772-786.
48. Oto J, Navarro S, Larsen AC, et al. MicroRNAs and neutrophil activation markers predict venous thrombosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(3): 840. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030840.
49. Anghel L, Sascău R, Radu R, et al. From classical laboratory parameters to novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(6): 1920. doi: 10.3390/ijms21061920.
50. Lou Z, Zhu J, Li X, et al. LncRNA Sirt1-AS upregulates Sirt1 to attenuate aging related deep venous thrombosis. Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(5): 6918-6935.
51. Wang X, Memon AA, Hedelius A, et al. Association of circulating long noncoding 7S RNA with deep vein thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2023, 49(7): 702-708.
52. Jensen SB, Hindberg K, Solomon T, et al. Discovery of novel plasma biomarkers for future incident venous thromboembolism by untargeted synchronous precursor selection mass spectrometry proteomics. J Thromb Haemost, 2018, 16(9): 1763-1774.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Research progress of biomarkers related to deep vein thrombosis

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