中心静脉置入设备相关上肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断、预防和治疗_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

王丽丽 ,  王金荣 , 高攀 , 王艳玲 , 王雪静 , 崔朝勃

Corresponding author：

王金荣, Email: iamwjr306@163.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.201710007

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Citation： 王丽丽, 王金荣, 高攀, 王艳玲, 王雪静, 崔朝勃. 中心静脉置入设备相关上肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断、预防和治疗. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2018, 17(5): 532-538. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.201710007 Copy

1.	Rajasekhar A, Streiff MB. How I treat central venous access device-related upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Blood, 2017, 129(20): 2727-2736.
2.	Baskin JL, Pui CH, Reiss U, et al. Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters. Lancet, 2009, 374(9684): 159-169.
3.	Mattox EA. Complications of peripheral venous access devices: prevention, detection, and recovery strategies. Crit Care Nurse, 2017, 37(2): e1-e14.
4.	Mustafa J, Asher I, Sthoeger Z. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Isr Med Assoc J, 2018, 1(20): 53-57.
5.	Kraaijpoel N, van Es N, Porreca E, et al. The diagnostic management of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: A review of the literature. Thromb Res, 2017, 156: 54-59.
6.	Carlon TA, Sudheendra D. Interventional Therapy for Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2017, 34(1): 54-60.
7.	Tabatabaie O, Kasumova GG, Kent TS, et al. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis after port insertion: What are the risk factors?. Surgery, 2017, 162(2): 437-444.
8.	Ye X, Wong SW, Zhang J, et al. Catheter-related upper limb venous thrombosis in a tertiary hospital setting. ANZ J Surg, 2016, 86(12): 1033-1037.
9.	Boersma RS, Hamulyak K, van Oerle R, et al. Biomarkers for prediction of central venous catheter related-thrombosis in patients with hematological malignancies. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2016, 22(8): 779-784.
10.	张京慧, 唐四元, 贺连香, 等. PICC 规范化培训与管理对临床置管效果及并发症的观察. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2014, 39(6): 638-643.
11.	Chen PT, Chang KC, Hu KL, et al. Catheter-related right internal jugular vein thrombosis after chest surgery. Br J Anaesth, 2017, 119(2): 192-199.
12.	Parienti JJ, Mongardon N, Megarbane B, et al. Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site. N Engl J Med, 2015, 373(13): 1220-1229.
13.	Chopra V, Anand S, Hickner A, et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 2013, 382(9889): 311-325.
14.	Saber W, Moua T, Williams EC, et al. Risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in cancer patients: a patient-level data (IPD) meta-analysis of clinical trials and prospective studies. J Thromb Haemost, 2011, 9(2): 312-319.
15.	Evans RS, Sharp JH, Linford LH, et al. Risk of symptomatic DVT associated with peripherally inserted central catheters. Chest, 2010, 138(4): 803-810.
16.	Chopra V, Fallouh N, McGuirk H, et al. Patterns, risk factors and treatment associated with PICC-DVT in hospitalized adults: a nested case-control study. Thromb Res, 2015, 135(5): 829-834.
17.	Koo CM, Vissapragada R, Sharp R, et al. ABO blood group related venous thrombosis risk in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. Br J Radiol, 2017: 20170560.
18.	Ballard DH, Samra NS, Gifford KM, et al. Distance of the internal central venous catheter tip from the right atrium is positively correlated with central venous thrombosis. Emerg Radiol, 2016, 23(3): 269-273.
19.	Timsit JF, Farkas JC, Boyer JM, et al. Central vein catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients: incidence, risks factors, and relationship with catheter-related sepsis. Chest, 1998, 114(1): 207-213.
20.	Leung A, Heal C, Perera M, et al. A systematic review of patient-related risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2015, 40(3): 363-373.
21.	van Rooden CJ, Schippers EF, Barge RM, et al. Infectious complications of central venous catheters increase the risk of catheter-related thrombosis in hematology patients: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(12): 2655-2660.
22.	Dentali F, Gianni M, Agnelli G, et al. Association between inherited thrombophilic abnormalities and central venous catheter thrombosis in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost, 2008, 6(1): 70-75.
23.	Walshe LJ, Malak SF, Eagan J, et al. Complication rates among cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. J Clin Oncol, 2002, 20(15): 3276-3281.
24.	Hammes M, Desai A, Pasupneti S, et al. Central venous catheters: incidence and predictive factors of venous thrombosis. Clin Nephrol, 2015, 84(1): 21-28.
25.	Bellesi S, Chiusolo P, De Pascale G, et al. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in the management of oncohematological patients submitted to autologous stem cell transplantation. Support Care Cancer, 2013, 21(2): 531-535.
26.	Lee AY, Levine MN, Butler G, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of catheter-related thrombosis in adult patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(9): 1404-1408.
27.	Geerts W. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program, 2014, 2014(1): 306-311.
28.	Verso M, Agnelli G, Kamphuisen PW, et al. Risk factors for upper limb deep vein thrombosis associated with the use of central vein catheter in cancer patients. Intern Emerg Med, 2008, 3(2): 117-122.
29.	Baumann Kreuziger L, Onwuemene O, Kolesar E, et al. Systematic review of anticoagulant treatment of catheter-related thrombosis. Thromb Res, 2015, 136(6): 1103-1109.
30.	Lee JA, Zierler BK, Zierler RE. The risk factors and clinical outcomes of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Vasc Endovascular Surg, 2012, 46(2): 139-144.
31.	Malinoski D, Ewing T, Bhakta A, et al. Which central venous catheters have the highest rate of catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis: a prospective analysis of 2,128 catheter days in the surgical intensive care unit. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2013, 74(2): 454-460.
32.	Hrdy O, Strazevska E, Suk P, et al. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients - incidence and risk factors: a prospective observational study. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 2017, 161(4): 369-373.
33.	Liu G, Fu ZQ, Zhu P, et al. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis in senile male patients: new risk factors and predictors. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci, 2015, 35(3): 445-449.
34.	Joffe HV, Kucher N, Tapson VF, et al. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: a prospective registry of 592 patients. Circulation, 2004, 110(12): 1605-1611.
35.	Nifong TP, McDevitt TJ. The effect of catheter to vein ratio on blood flow rates in a simulated model of peripherally inserted central venous catheters. Chest, 2011, 140(1): 48-53.
36.	Winters JP, Callas PW, Cushman M, et al. Central venous catheters and upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in medical inpatients: the Medical Inpatients and Thrombosis (MITH) Study. J Thromb Haemost, 2015, 13(12): 2155-2160.
37.	Menendez JJ, Verdu C, Calderon B, et al. Incidence and risk factors of superficial and deep vein thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in children. J Thromb Haemost, 2016, 14(11): 2158-2168.
38.	Kucher N. Clinical practice. Deep-vein thrombosis of the upper extremities. N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(9): 861-869.
39.	Marnejon T, Angelo D, Abu Abdou A, et al. Risk factors for upper extremity venous thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central venous catheters. J Vasc Access, 2012, 13(2): 231-238.
40.	van Rooden CJ, Rosendaal FR, Barge RM, et al. Central venous catheter related thrombosis in haematology patients and prediction of risk by screening with Doppler-ultrasound. Br J Haematol, 2003, 123(3): 507-512.
41.	Fallouh N, McGuirk HM, Flanders SA, et al. Peripherally inserted central catheter-associated deep vein thrombosis: A Narrative Review. Am J Med, 2015, 128(7): 722-738.
42.	Guillet S, Zeller V, Dubee V, et al. Large cohort study of central venous catheter thrombosis during intravenous antibiotic therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2015, 60(1): 36-43.
43.	Gallieni M, Pittiruti M, Biffi R. Vascular access in oncology patients. CA Cancer J Clin, 2008, 58(6): 323-346.
44.	Martinelli I, Battaglioli T, Bucciarelli P, et al. Risk factors and recurrence rate of primary deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities. Circulation, 2004, 110(5): 566-570.
45.	Galy A, Lepeule R, Goulenok T, et al. Presentation and impact of catheter-associated thrombosis in patients with infected long-term central venous catheters: a prospective bicentric observational study. Ann Med, 2016, 48(3): 182-189.
46.	Grant JD, Stevens SM, Woller SC, et al. Diagnosis and management of upper extremity deep-vein thrombosis in adults. Thromb Haemost, 2012, 108(6): 1097-1108.
47.	Constans J, Salmi LR, Sevestre-Pietri MA, et al. A clinical prediction score for upper extremity deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 99(1): 202-207.
48.	Kleinjan A, Di Nisio M, Beyer-Westendorf J, et al. Safety and feasibility of a diagnostic algorithm combining clinical probability, d-dimer testing, and ultrasonography for suspected upper extremity deep venous thrombosis: a prospective management study. Ann Intern Med, 2014, 160(7): 451-457.
49.	van Es N, Bleker SM, Di Nisio M, et al. Improving the diagnostic management of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2017, 15(1): 66-73.
50.	中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组. 肺血栓栓塞症诊治与预防指南. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(14): 1060-1087.
51.	Oostra CE, Chowdhury MA, J Khouri S. Central venous catheter-associated right atrial thrombus. Am J Med Sci, 2016, 351(2): e3.
52.	Schiffer CA, Mangu PB, Wade JC, et al. Central venous catheter care for the patient with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(10): 1357-1370.
53.	Debourdeau P, Farge D, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis associated with central venous catheters in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(1): 71-80.
54.	Streiff MB, Bockenstedt PL, Cataland SR, et al. Venous thromboembolic disease. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2013, 11(11): 1402-1429.
55.	Sousa B, Furlanetto J, Hutka M, et al. Central venous access in oncology: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26 Suppl 5: v152-168.
56.	Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest, 2016, 149(2): 315-352.
57.	Khanal N, Bociek RG, Chen B, et al. Venous thromboembolism in patients with hematologic malignancy and thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol, 2016, 91(11): E468-E472.
58.	Limone BL, Hernandez AV, Michalak D, et al. Timing of recurrent venous thromboembolism early after the index event: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Thromb Res, 2013, 132(4): 420-426.
59.	Owens CA, Bui JT, Knuttinen MG, et al. Pulmonary embolism from upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and the role of superior vena cava filters: a review of the literature. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2010, 21(6): 779-787.
60.	Wang L, Zhang C, Mu S, et al. Safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(35): e7922.
61.	Haig Y, Enden T, Grotta O, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis (CaVenT): 5-year follow-up results of an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Haematol, 2016, 3(2): e64-71.
62.	Vik A, Holme PA, Singh K, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for treatment of deep venous thrombosis in the upper extremities. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2009, 32(5): 980-987.
63.	Maleux G, Marchal P, Palmers M, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy for thoracic deep vein thrombosis is safe and effective in selected patients with and without cancer. Eur Radiol, 2010, 20(9): 2293-2300.
64.	Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, et al. Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377(23): 2240-2252.
65.	Elbasty A, Metcalf J. Safety and efficacy of catheter direct thrombolysis in management of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review. Vasc Specialist Int, 2017, 33(4): 121-134.
66.	Massmann A, Jagoda P, Kranzhoefer N, et al. Local low-dose thrombolysis for safe and effective treatment of venous port-catheter thrombosis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(5): 1593-1597.
67.	Vedantham S, Piazza G, Sista AK, et al. Guidance for the use of thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2016, 41(1): 68-80.
68.	Cosmi B. Management of superficial vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2015, 13(7): 1175-1183.
69.	Tait C, Baglin T, Watson H, et al. Guidelines on the investigation and management of venous thrombosis at unusual sites. Br J Haematol, 2012, 159(1): 28-38.
70.	Baumann Kreuziger L, Cote L, Verhamme P, et al. A RIETE registry analysis of recurrent thromboembolism and hemorrhage in patients with catheter-related thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2015, 3(3): 243-250. e241.
71.	Elman EE, Kahn SR. The post-thrombotic syndrome after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults: a systematic review. Thromb Res, 2006, 117(6): 609-614.
72.	Bern MM, Lokich JJ, Wallach SR, et al. Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters. A randomized prospective trial. Ann Intern Med, 1990, 112(6): 423-428.
73.	Monreal M, Alastrue A, Rull M, et al. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in cancer patients with venous access devices--prophylaxis with a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin). Thromb Haemost, 1996, 75(2): 251-253.
74.	CLOTS (Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke) Trial Collaboration. Dennis M, Cranswick G, Deary A, et al. Thigh-length versus below-knee stockings for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis after stroke: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2010, 153(9): 553-562.
75.	Ratcliffe M, Broadfoot C, Davidson M, et al. Thrombosis, markers of thrombotic risk, indwelling central venous catheters and antithrombotic prophylaxis using low-dose warfarin in subjects with malignant disease. Clin Lab Haematol, 1999, 21(5): 353-357.
76.	Heaton DC, Han DY, Inder A. Minidose (1 mg) warfarin as prophylaxis for central vein catheter thrombosis. Intern Med J, 2002, 32(3): 84-88.
77.	Mismetti P, Mille D, Laporte S, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin (nadroparin) and very low doses of warfarin in the prevention of upper extremity thrombosis in cancer patients with indwelling long-term central venous catheters: a pilot randomized trial. Haematologica, 2003, 88(1): 67-73.
78.	Verso M, Agnelli G, Bertoglio S, et al. Enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism associated with central vein catheter: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(18): 4057-4062.
79.	Couban S, Goodyear M, Burnell M, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled study of low-dose warfarin for the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(18): 4063-4069.
80.	Karthaus M, Kretzschmar A, Kroning H, et al. Dalteparin for prevention of catheter-related complications in cancer patients with central venous catheters: final results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Ann Oncol, 2006, 17(2): 289-296.
81.	Niers TM, Di Nisio M, Klerk CP, et al. Prevention of catheter-related venous thrombosis with nadroparin in patients receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Thromb Haemost, 2007, 5(9): 1878-1882.
82.	Young AM, Billingham LJ, Begum G, et al. Warfarin thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients with central venous catheters (WARP): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet, 2009, 373(9663): 567-574.
83.	De Cicco M, Matovic M, Balestreri L, et al. Early and short-term acenocumarine or dalteparin for the prevention of central vein catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients: a randomized controlled study based on serial venographies. Ann Oncol, 2009, 20(12): 1936-1942.
84.	Lavau-Denes S, Lacroix P, Maubon A, et al. Prophylaxis of catheter-related deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients with low-dose warfarin, low molecular weight heparin, or control: a randomized, controlled, phase III study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2013, 72(1): 65-73.
85.	Akl EA, Vasireddi SR, Gunukula S, et al. Anticoagulation for patients with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, (2): CD006468.
86.	Macdougall L, Hanley J, Mountford C, et al. UK practice in the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in adults on home parenteral nutrition. Frontline Gastroenterol, 2017, 8(3): 163-166.
87.	Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e195S-e226S.
88.	Verboom MC, Ouwerkerk J, Steeghs N, et al. Central venous access related adverse events after trabectedin infusions in soft tissue sarcoma patients; experience and management in a nationwide multi-center study. Clin Sarcoma Res, 2017, 7: 2.
89.	Bradford NK, Edwards RM, Chan RJ. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long term central venous catheters in infants and children: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud, 2016, 59: 51-59.
90.	Zhong L, Wang HL, Xu B, et al. Normal saline versus heparin for patency of central venous catheters in adult patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care, 2017, 21(1): 5.

1. Rajasekhar A, Streiff MB. How I treat central venous access device-related upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Blood, 2017, 129(20): 2727-2736.
2. Baskin JL, Pui CH, Reiss U, et al. Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters. Lancet, 2009, 374(9684): 159-169.
3. Mattox EA. Complications of peripheral venous access devices: prevention, detection, and recovery strategies. Crit Care Nurse, 2017, 37(2): e1-e14.
4. Mustafa J, Asher I, Sthoeger Z. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Isr Med Assoc J, 2018, 1(20): 53-57.
5. Kraaijpoel N, van Es N, Porreca E, et al. The diagnostic management of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: A review of the literature. Thromb Res, 2017, 156: 54-59.
6. Carlon TA, Sudheendra D. Interventional Therapy for Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2017, 34(1): 54-60.
7. Tabatabaie O, Kasumova GG, Kent TS, et al. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis after port insertion: What are the risk factors?. Surgery, 2017, 162(2): 437-444.
8. Ye X, Wong SW, Zhang J, et al. Catheter-related upper limb venous thrombosis in a tertiary hospital setting. ANZ J Surg, 2016, 86(12): 1033-1037.
9. Boersma RS, Hamulyak K, van Oerle R, et al. Biomarkers for prediction of central venous catheter related-thrombosis in patients with hematological malignancies. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2016, 22(8): 779-784.
10. 张京慧, 唐四元, 贺连香, 等. PICC 规范化培训与管理对临床置管效果及并发症的观察. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2014, 39(6): 638-643.
11. Chen PT, Chang KC, Hu KL, et al. Catheter-related right internal jugular vein thrombosis after chest surgery. Br J Anaesth, 2017, 119(2): 192-199.
12. Parienti JJ, Mongardon N, Megarbane B, et al. Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site. N Engl J Med, 2015, 373(13): 1220-1229.
13. Chopra V, Anand S, Hickner A, et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 2013, 382(9889): 311-325.
14. Saber W, Moua T, Williams EC, et al. Risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in cancer patients: a patient-level data (IPD) meta-analysis of clinical trials and prospective studies. J Thromb Haemost, 2011, 9(2): 312-319.
15. Evans RS, Sharp JH, Linford LH, et al. Risk of symptomatic DVT associated with peripherally inserted central catheters. Chest, 2010, 138(4): 803-810.
16. Chopra V, Fallouh N, McGuirk H, et al. Patterns, risk factors and treatment associated with PICC-DVT in hospitalized adults: a nested case-control study. Thromb Res, 2015, 135(5): 829-834.
17. Koo CM, Vissapragada R, Sharp R, et al. ABO blood group related venous thrombosis risk in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. Br J Radiol, 2017: 20170560.
18. Ballard DH, Samra NS, Gifford KM, et al. Distance of the internal central venous catheter tip from the right atrium is positively correlated with central venous thrombosis. Emerg Radiol, 2016, 23(3): 269-273.
19. Timsit JF, Farkas JC, Boyer JM, et al. Central vein catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients: incidence, risks factors, and relationship with catheter-related sepsis. Chest, 1998, 114(1): 207-213.
20. Leung A, Heal C, Perera M, et al. A systematic review of patient-related risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2015, 40(3): 363-373.
21. van Rooden CJ, Schippers EF, Barge RM, et al. Infectious complications of central venous catheters increase the risk of catheter-related thrombosis in hematology patients: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(12): 2655-2660.
22. Dentali F, Gianni M, Agnelli G, et al. Association between inherited thrombophilic abnormalities and central venous catheter thrombosis in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost, 2008, 6(1): 70-75.
23. Walshe LJ, Malak SF, Eagan J, et al. Complication rates among cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. J Clin Oncol, 2002, 20(15): 3276-3281.
24. Hammes M, Desai A, Pasupneti S, et al. Central venous catheters: incidence and predictive factors of venous thrombosis. Clin Nephrol, 2015, 84(1): 21-28.
25. Bellesi S, Chiusolo P, De Pascale G, et al. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in the management of oncohematological patients submitted to autologous stem cell transplantation. Support Care Cancer, 2013, 21(2): 531-535.
26. Lee AY, Levine MN, Butler G, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of catheter-related thrombosis in adult patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(9): 1404-1408.
27. Geerts W. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program, 2014, 2014(1): 306-311.
28. Verso M, Agnelli G, Kamphuisen PW, et al. Risk factors for upper limb deep vein thrombosis associated with the use of central vein catheter in cancer patients. Intern Emerg Med, 2008, 3(2): 117-122.
29. Baumann Kreuziger L, Onwuemene O, Kolesar E, et al. Systematic review of anticoagulant treatment of catheter-related thrombosis. Thromb Res, 2015, 136(6): 1103-1109.
30. Lee JA, Zierler BK, Zierler RE. The risk factors and clinical outcomes of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Vasc Endovascular Surg, 2012, 46(2): 139-144.
31. Malinoski D, Ewing T, Bhakta A, et al. Which central venous catheters have the highest rate of catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis: a prospective analysis of 2,128 catheter days in the surgical intensive care unit. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2013, 74(2): 454-460.
32. Hrdy O, Strazevska E, Suk P, et al. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients - incidence and risk factors: a prospective observational study. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 2017, 161(4): 369-373.
33. Liu G, Fu ZQ, Zhu P, et al. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis in senile male patients: new risk factors and predictors. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci, 2015, 35(3): 445-449.
34. Joffe HV, Kucher N, Tapson VF, et al. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: a prospective registry of 592 patients. Circulation, 2004, 110(12): 1605-1611.
35. Nifong TP, McDevitt TJ. The effect of catheter to vein ratio on blood flow rates in a simulated model of peripherally inserted central venous catheters. Chest, 2011, 140(1): 48-53.
36. Winters JP, Callas PW, Cushman M, et al. Central venous catheters and upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in medical inpatients: the Medical Inpatients and Thrombosis (MITH) Study. J Thromb Haemost, 2015, 13(12): 2155-2160.
37. Menendez JJ, Verdu C, Calderon B, et al. Incidence and risk factors of superficial and deep vein thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in children. J Thromb Haemost, 2016, 14(11): 2158-2168.
38. Kucher N. Clinical practice. Deep-vein thrombosis of the upper extremities. N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(9): 861-869.
39. Marnejon T, Angelo D, Abu Abdou A, et al. Risk factors for upper extremity venous thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central venous catheters. J Vasc Access, 2012, 13(2): 231-238.
40. van Rooden CJ, Rosendaal FR, Barge RM, et al. Central venous catheter related thrombosis in haematology patients and prediction of risk by screening with Doppler-ultrasound. Br J Haematol, 2003, 123(3): 507-512.
41. Fallouh N, McGuirk HM, Flanders SA, et al. Peripherally inserted central catheter-associated deep vein thrombosis: A Narrative Review. Am J Med, 2015, 128(7): 722-738.
42. Guillet S, Zeller V, Dubee V, et al. Large cohort study of central venous catheter thrombosis during intravenous antibiotic therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2015, 60(1): 36-43.
43. Gallieni M, Pittiruti M, Biffi R. Vascular access in oncology patients. CA Cancer J Clin, 2008, 58(6): 323-346.
44. Martinelli I, Battaglioli T, Bucciarelli P, et al. Risk factors and recurrence rate of primary deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities. Circulation, 2004, 110(5): 566-570.
45. Galy A, Lepeule R, Goulenok T, et al. Presentation and impact of catheter-associated thrombosis in patients with infected long-term central venous catheters: a prospective bicentric observational study. Ann Med, 2016, 48(3): 182-189.
46. Grant JD, Stevens SM, Woller SC, et al. Diagnosis and management of upper extremity deep-vein thrombosis in adults. Thromb Haemost, 2012, 108(6): 1097-1108.
47. Constans J, Salmi LR, Sevestre-Pietri MA, et al. A clinical prediction score for upper extremity deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 99(1): 202-207.
48. Kleinjan A, Di Nisio M, Beyer-Westendorf J, et al. Safety and feasibility of a diagnostic algorithm combining clinical probability, d-dimer testing, and ultrasonography for suspected upper extremity deep venous thrombosis: a prospective management study. Ann Intern Med, 2014, 160(7): 451-457.
49. van Es N, Bleker SM, Di Nisio M, et al. Improving the diagnostic management of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2017, 15(1): 66-73.
50. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组. 肺血栓栓塞症诊治与预防指南. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(14): 1060-1087.
51. Oostra CE, Chowdhury MA, J Khouri S. Central venous catheter-associated right atrial thrombus. Am J Med Sci, 2016, 351(2): e3.
52. Schiffer CA, Mangu PB, Wade JC, et al. Central venous catheter care for the patient with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(10): 1357-1370.
53. Debourdeau P, Farge D, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis associated with central venous catheters in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(1): 71-80.
54. Streiff MB, Bockenstedt PL, Cataland SR, et al. Venous thromboembolic disease. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2013, 11(11): 1402-1429.
55. Sousa B, Furlanetto J, Hutka M, et al. Central venous access in oncology: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26 Suppl 5: v152-168.
56. Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest, 2016, 149(2): 315-352.
57. Khanal N, Bociek RG, Chen B, et al. Venous thromboembolism in patients with hematologic malignancy and thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol, 2016, 91(11): E468-E472.
58. Limone BL, Hernandez AV, Michalak D, et al. Timing of recurrent venous thromboembolism early after the index event: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Thromb Res, 2013, 132(4): 420-426.
59. Owens CA, Bui JT, Knuttinen MG, et al. Pulmonary embolism from upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and the role of superior vena cava filters: a review of the literature. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2010, 21(6): 779-787.
60. Wang L, Zhang C, Mu S, et al. Safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(35): e7922.
61. Haig Y, Enden T, Grotta O, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis (CaVenT): 5-year follow-up results of an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Haematol, 2016, 3(2): e64-71.
62. Vik A, Holme PA, Singh K, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for treatment of deep venous thrombosis in the upper extremities. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2009, 32(5): 980-987.
63. Maleux G, Marchal P, Palmers M, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy for thoracic deep vein thrombosis is safe and effective in selected patients with and without cancer. Eur Radiol, 2010, 20(9): 2293-2300.
64. Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, et al. Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377(23): 2240-2252.
65. Elbasty A, Metcalf J. Safety and efficacy of catheter direct thrombolysis in management of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review. Vasc Specialist Int, 2017, 33(4): 121-134.
66. Massmann A, Jagoda P, Kranzhoefer N, et al. Local low-dose thrombolysis for safe and effective treatment of venous port-catheter thrombosis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(5): 1593-1597.
67. Vedantham S, Piazza G, Sista AK, et al. Guidance for the use of thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2016, 41(1): 68-80.
68. Cosmi B. Management of superficial vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2015, 13(7): 1175-1183.
69. Tait C, Baglin T, Watson H, et al. Guidelines on the investigation and management of venous thrombosis at unusual sites. Br J Haematol, 2012, 159(1): 28-38.
70. Baumann Kreuziger L, Cote L, Verhamme P, et al. A RIETE registry analysis of recurrent thromboembolism and hemorrhage in patients with catheter-related thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2015, 3(3): 243-250. e241.
71. Elman EE, Kahn SR. The post-thrombotic syndrome after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults: a systematic review. Thromb Res, 2006, 117(6): 609-614.
72. Bern MM, Lokich JJ, Wallach SR, et al. Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters. A randomized prospective trial. Ann Intern Med, 1990, 112(6): 423-428.
73. Monreal M, Alastrue A, Rull M, et al. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in cancer patients with venous access devices--prophylaxis with a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin). Thromb Haemost, 1996, 75(2): 251-253.
74. CLOTS (Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke) Trial Collaboration. Dennis M, Cranswick G, Deary A, et al. Thigh-length versus below-knee stockings for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis after stroke: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2010, 153(9): 553-562.
75. Ratcliffe M, Broadfoot C, Davidson M, et al. Thrombosis, markers of thrombotic risk, indwelling central venous catheters and antithrombotic prophylaxis using low-dose warfarin in subjects with malignant disease. Clin Lab Haematol, 1999, 21(5): 353-357.
76. Heaton DC, Han DY, Inder A. Minidose (1 mg) warfarin as prophylaxis for central vein catheter thrombosis. Intern Med J, 2002, 32(3): 84-88.
77. Mismetti P, Mille D, Laporte S, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin (nadroparin) and very low doses of warfarin in the prevention of upper extremity thrombosis in cancer patients with indwelling long-term central venous catheters: a pilot randomized trial. Haematologica, 2003, 88(1): 67-73.
78. Verso M, Agnelli G, Bertoglio S, et al. Enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism associated with central vein catheter: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(18): 4057-4062.
79. Couban S, Goodyear M, Burnell M, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled study of low-dose warfarin for the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(18): 4063-4069.
80. Karthaus M, Kretzschmar A, Kroning H, et al. Dalteparin for prevention of catheter-related complications in cancer patients with central venous catheters: final results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Ann Oncol, 2006, 17(2): 289-296.
81. Niers TM, Di Nisio M, Klerk CP, et al. Prevention of catheter-related venous thrombosis with nadroparin in patients receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Thromb Haemost, 2007, 5(9): 1878-1882.
82. Young AM, Billingham LJ, Begum G, et al. Warfarin thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients with central venous catheters (WARP): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet, 2009, 373(9663): 567-574.
83. De Cicco M, Matovic M, Balestreri L, et al. Early and short-term acenocumarine or dalteparin for the prevention of central vein catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients: a randomized controlled study based on serial venographies. Ann Oncol, 2009, 20(12): 1936-1942.
84. Lavau-Denes S, Lacroix P, Maubon A, et al. Prophylaxis of catheter-related deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients with low-dose warfarin, low molecular weight heparin, or control: a randomized, controlled, phase III study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2013, 72(1): 65-73.
85. Akl EA, Vasireddi SR, Gunukula S, et al. Anticoagulation for patients with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, (2): CD006468.
86. Macdougall L, Hanley J, Mountford C, et al. UK practice in the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in adults on home parenteral nutrition. Frontline Gastroenterol, 2017, 8(3): 163-166.
87. Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012, 141(2 Suppl): e195S-e226S.
88. Verboom MC, Ouwerkerk J, Steeghs N, et al. Central venous access related adverse events after trabectedin infusions in soft tissue sarcoma patients; experience and management in a nationwide multi-center study. Clin Sarcoma Res, 2017, 7: 2.
89. Bradford NK, Edwards RM, Chan RJ. Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long term central venous catheters in infants and children: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud, 2016, 59: 51-59.
90. Zhong L, Wang HL, Xu B, et al. Normal saline versus heparin for patency of central venous catheters in adult patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care, 2017, 21(1): 5.

Previous Article
循环 MicroRNAs 在急性肺栓塞中的诊断价值

Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

中心静脉置入设备相关上肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断、预防和治疗

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Format

Content