成人社区获得性肺炎初始治疗失败诊治进展_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

李秀梅 ¹ ^# , 韩秀迪 ¹ ^# , 刘德顺 ² ,  刘学东 ²

1. ;
2. ;

Corresponding author：

刘学东, Email: xuedongliu@263.net

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.201809057

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Citation： 李秀梅, 韩秀迪, 刘德顺, 刘学东. 成人社区获得性肺炎初始治疗失败诊治进展. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2019, 18(5): 499-504. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.201809057 Copy

1.	Ott SR, Hauptmeier BM, Ernen C, et al. Treatment failure in pneumonia: impact of antibiotic treatment and cost analysis. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(3): 611-618.
2.	Oster G, Berger A, Edelsberg J, et al. Initial treatment failure in non-ICU community-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and association with length of stay, total hospital charges, and mortality. J Med Econ, 2013, 16(6): 809-819.
3.	Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clin Infect Dis, 2007, 44(Suppl 2): S27-S72.
4.	中华医学会呼吸病学分会. 中国成人社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南 (2016 年版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(4): 253-279.
5.	李郁, 刘磊. 难治性肺炎的治疗体会. 中国医院用药评价与分析, 2014, 14(2): 177-179.
6.	Rosón B, Carratalà J, Fernández-Sabé N, et al. Causes and factors associated with early failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med, 2004, 164(5): 502-508.
7.	Menéndez R, Torres A, Reyes S, et al. Initial management of pneumonia and sepsis: factors associated with improved outcome. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(1): 156-162.
8.	梅静, 杨进, 蒋建军, 等. 三种评分系统对重症社区获得性肺炎患者严重程度的预测价值. 临床肺科杂志, 2018, 23(6): 1038-1042.
9.	Sialer S, Liapikou A, Torres A. What is the best approach to the nonresponding patient with community-acquired pneumonia?. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 2013, 27(1): 189-203.
10.	Aliberti S, Amir A, Peyrani P, et al. Incidence, etiology, timing, and risk factors for clinical failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest, 2008, 134(5): 955-962.
11.	Sharma L, Losier A, Tolbert T, et al. Atypical pneumonia: updates on Legionella, Chlamydophila, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. Clin Chest Med, 2017, 38(1): 45-58.
12.	Cillóniz C, Gabarrús A, Ferrer M, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia due to multidrug- and non-multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chest, 2016, 150(2): 415-425.
13.	Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as an etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis, 2012, 54(8): 1126-1133.
14.	中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组. 肺真菌病诊断和治疗专家共识. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2007, 30(11): 821-834.
15.	郭颖, 何花贞, 孙征. 肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的临床特点及危险因素. 中国老年学杂志, 2019, 39(2): 294-297.
16.	邓紫薇, 仇成凤, 李茂作, 等. 成人社区获得性肺炎主要病原体分布的 Meta 分析. 中国抗生素杂志, 2016, 41(12): 950-955.
17.	张英, 韩俊, 但汉雄. 老年社区获得性肺炎相关高危因素分析研究. 临床肺科杂志, 2018, 23(3): 470-472.
18.	Kothe H, Bauer T, Marre R, et al. Outcome of community-acquired pneumonia: influence of age, residence status and antimicrobial treatment. Eur Respir J, 2008, 32(1): 139-146.
19.	陈晓斐, 徐志豪, 董大鹏. CXCR1、CXCR2 及 IL-8 在老年社区获得性肺炎患者病情及预后评估中的作用. 中国老年学杂志, 2018, 38(9): 2120-2121.
20.	邱虹, 王卫彪, 李岱, 等. 老年社区获得性肺炎患者的病原菌种类及其耐药情况分析. 中华老年医学杂志, 2018, 37(12): 1365-1368.
21.	Welte T. Managing CAP patients at risk of clinical failure. Respir Med, 2015, 109(2): 157-169.
22.	Sousa D, Justo I, Domínguez A, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised older patients: incidence, causative organisms and outcome. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2013, 19(2): 187-192.
23.	Ernst P, Suissa S. Inhaled corticosteroids and mortality in COPD. Chest, 2006, 130(3): 640-646.
24.	Bansal V, Mangi MA, Johnson MM, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and incident pneumonia in patients with asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Med Acad, 2015, 44(2): 135-158.
25.	Joo MJ, Au DH, Fitzgibbon ML, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of pneumonia in newly diagnosed COPD. Respir Med, 2010, 104(2): 246-252.
26.	Jiang HL, Chen HX, Liu W, et al. Is COPD associated with increased mortality and morbidity in hospitalized pneumonia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology, 2015, 20(7): 1046-1054.
27.	李丽娟, 刘颖梅, 王一民, 等. 糖皮质激素长期应用宿主合并社区获得性肺炎的临床特征及预后分析. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(10): 738-743.
28.	Iqbal N, Irfan M, Zubairi A, et al. Association of hypercapnia on admission with increased length of hospital stay and severity in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational study from Pakistan. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(6): e013924.
29.	Menéndez R, Martínez R, Reyes S, et al. Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax, 2009, 64(7): 587-591.
30.	Falguera M, Carratalà J, Bielsa S, et al. Predictive factors, microbiology and outcome of patients with parapneumonic effusion. Eur Respir J, 2011, 38(5): 1173-1179.
31.	Dean NC, Griffith PP, Sorensen JS, et al. Pleural effusions at first ED encounter predict worse clinical outcomes in patients with pneumonia. Chest, 2016, 149(6): 1509-1515.
32.	南凯, 郝利锋, 刘斯文, 等. 社区获得性肺炎患者早期治疗失败的相关因素分析. 河北医药, 2017, 39(24): 3730-3732, 3736.
33.	Washio Y, Ito A, Kumagai S, et al. A model for predicting bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: a retrospective observational study. BMC Pulm Med, 2018, 18(1): 24.
34.	Akyil FT, Yalcinsoy M, Hazar A, et al. Prognosis of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Rev Port Pneumol (2006), 2018: S2173511517301562.
35.	Han X, Zhou F, Li H, et al. Effects of age, comorbidity and adherence to current antimicrobial guidelines on mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis, 2018, 18(1): 192.
36.	Genné D, Sommer R, Kaiser L, et al. Analysis of factors that contribute to treatment failure in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2006, 25(3): 159-166.
37.	Nie XM, Li YS, Yang ZW, et al. Initial empiric antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in Chinese hospitals. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2018, 24(6): 658.e1-658.e6.
38.	发热伴肺部阴影鉴别诊断共识专家组. 发热伴肺部阴影鉴别诊断专家共识. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(3): 169-176.
39.	李辉, 曹彬. 肺炎链球菌尿抗原检测方法在社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用价值. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2015, 38(1): 66-69.
40.	彭春红, 叶贤伟, 张湘燕. 社区获得性肺炎病原谱的构成及病原菌快速检测方法的进展. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(4): 311-312.
41.	Rubin R. Why are Legionnaires disease diagnoses becoming more common in the United States?. JAMA, 2018, 319(17): 1753-1754.
42.	金丽媛, 陈愉, 刘宏博, 等. 初始治疗失败重症军团菌肺炎一例. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(48): 3983-3984.
43.	刘利华, 张玉芹, 董海新, 等. 痰真菌培养联合半乳甘露聚糖试验对侵袭性肺曲霉病的诊断价值. 中国中西医结合急救杂志, 2018, 25(2): 189-193.
44.	曹彬. 关注成人社区获得性肺炎中病毒性肺炎的诊治. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(7): 569-570.
45.	Leprince C, Desroches M, Emirian A, et al. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from adults with community-acquired pneumonia or complicated skin and soft tissue infections in France: the nationwide French PREMIUM study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2015, 83(2): 175-182.
46.	Postma DF, van Werkhoven CH, van Elden LJ, et al. Antibiotic treatment strategies for community-acquired pneumonia in adults. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(14): 1312-1323.
47.	张能华. 降钙素原、超敏 C-反应蛋白和白细胞计数在肺炎患者中的临床应用价值. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2016, 26(19): 2796-2798.
48.	Menéndez R, Cavalcanti M, Reyes S, et al. Markers of treatment failure in hospitalised community acquired pneumonia. Thorax, 2008, 63(5): 447-452.
49.	Gilbert DN. Procalcitonin as a biomarker in respiratory tract infection. Clin Infect Dis, 2011, 52(Suppl 4): S346-S350.
50.	Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Mueller B. Procalcitonin testing to guide antibiotic therapy in acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections. JAMA, 2018, 319(9): 925-926.
51.	郭亚威, 王萌, 朱丹丹, 等. 降钙素原联合 CURB-65 评分对老年社区获得性肺炎患者预后的评估价值. 中国综合临床, 2019, 35(1): 73-76.
52.	Self WH, Grijalva CG, Williams DJ, et al. Procalcitonin as an early marker of the need for invasive respiratory or vasopressor support in adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest, 2016, 150(4): 819-828.
53.	中国医药教育协会感染疾病专业委员会. 感染相关生物标志物临床意义解读专家共识. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2017, 40(4): 243-257.
54.	Martin-Loeches I, Valles X, Menendez R, et al. Predicting treatment failure in patients with community acquired pneumonia: a case-control study. Respir Res, 2014, 15(1): 75.
55.	李京, 杨建坤, 赵丽, 等. B 型钠尿肽对社区获得性肺炎危险分层的价值. 临床和实验医学杂志, 2019, 18(2): 168-171.
56.	张洁, 解立新, 谢良地. D-二聚体对社区获得性肺炎患者病情严重程度及预后的评估价值. 中华危重病急救医学, 2016, 28(9): 769-774.
57.	张静, 刘冬, 许西琳, 等. 红细胞分布宽度与成人社区获得性肺炎严重程度的相关性分析. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2018, 17(2): 134-137.
58.	Wang Y, Guo Q, Yan Z, et al. Factors associated with prolonged viral shedding in patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection. J Infect Dis, 2018, 217(11): 417-429.
59.	Çilli A. Comparison of ampicillin-sulbactam/macrolide dual therapy versus fluoroquinolone monotherapy in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks, 2015, 63(2): 94-101.
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64.	汪劭婷, 孙雪峰. 他汀类药物对社区获得性肺炎治疗作用及患病风险的 Meta 分析. 中国医学科学院学报, 2018, 40(1): 30-40.
65.	范志强, 瞿介明, 朱惠莉. 吸入性肺炎的研究进展. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2010, 9(2): 209-212.

1. Ott SR, Hauptmeier BM, Ernen C, et al. Treatment failure in pneumonia: impact of antibiotic treatment and cost analysis. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(3): 611-618.
2. Oster G, Berger A, Edelsberg J, et al. Initial treatment failure in non-ICU community-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and association with length of stay, total hospital charges, and mortality. J Med Econ, 2013, 16(6): 809-819.
3. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clin Infect Dis, 2007, 44(Suppl 2): S27-S72.
4. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会. 中国成人社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南 (2016 年版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(4): 253-279.
5. 李郁, 刘磊. 难治性肺炎的治疗体会. 中国医院用药评价与分析, 2014, 14(2): 177-179.
6. Rosón B, Carratalà J, Fernández-Sabé N, et al. Causes and factors associated with early failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med, 2004, 164(5): 502-508.
7. Menéndez R, Torres A, Reyes S, et al. Initial management of pneumonia and sepsis: factors associated with improved outcome. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(1): 156-162.
8. 梅静, 杨进, 蒋建军, 等. 三种评分系统对重症社区获得性肺炎患者严重程度的预测价值. 临床肺科杂志, 2018, 23(6): 1038-1042.
9. Sialer S, Liapikou A, Torres A. What is the best approach to the nonresponding patient with community-acquired pneumonia?. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 2013, 27(1): 189-203.
10. Aliberti S, Amir A, Peyrani P, et al. Incidence, etiology, timing, and risk factors for clinical failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest, 2008, 134(5): 955-962.
11. Sharma L, Losier A, Tolbert T, et al. Atypical pneumonia: updates on Legionella, Chlamydophila, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. Clin Chest Med, 2017, 38(1): 45-58.
12. Cillóniz C, Gabarrús A, Ferrer M, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia due to multidrug- and non-multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chest, 2016, 150(2): 415-425.
13. Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as an etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis, 2012, 54(8): 1126-1133.
14. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组. 肺真菌病诊断和治疗专家共识. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2007, 30(11): 821-834.
15. 郭颖, 何花贞, 孙征. 肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的临床特点及危险因素. 中国老年学杂志, 2019, 39(2): 294-297.
16. 邓紫薇, 仇成凤, 李茂作, 等. 成人社区获得性肺炎主要病原体分布的 Meta 分析. 中国抗生素杂志, 2016, 41(12): 950-955.
17. 张英, 韩俊, 但汉雄. 老年社区获得性肺炎相关高危因素分析研究. 临床肺科杂志, 2018, 23(3): 470-472.
18. Kothe H, Bauer T, Marre R, et al. Outcome of community-acquired pneumonia: influence of age, residence status and antimicrobial treatment. Eur Respir J, 2008, 32(1): 139-146.
19. 陈晓斐, 徐志豪, 董大鹏. CXCR1、CXCR2 及 IL-8 在老年社区获得性肺炎患者病情及预后评估中的作用. 中国老年学杂志, 2018, 38(9): 2120-2121.
20. 邱虹, 王卫彪, 李岱, 等. 老年社区获得性肺炎患者的病原菌种类及其耐药情况分析. 中华老年医学杂志, 2018, 37(12): 1365-1368.
21. Welte T. Managing CAP patients at risk of clinical failure. Respir Med, 2015, 109(2): 157-169.
22. Sousa D, Justo I, Domínguez A, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised older patients: incidence, causative organisms and outcome. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2013, 19(2): 187-192.
23. Ernst P, Suissa S. Inhaled corticosteroids and mortality in COPD. Chest, 2006, 130(3): 640-646.
24. Bansal V, Mangi MA, Johnson MM, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and incident pneumonia in patients with asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Med Acad, 2015, 44(2): 135-158.
25. Joo MJ, Au DH, Fitzgibbon ML, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of pneumonia in newly diagnosed COPD. Respir Med, 2010, 104(2): 246-252.
26. Jiang HL, Chen HX, Liu W, et al. Is COPD associated with increased mortality and morbidity in hospitalized pneumonia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology, 2015, 20(7): 1046-1054.
27. 李丽娟, 刘颖梅, 王一民, 等. 糖皮质激素长期应用宿主合并社区获得性肺炎的临床特征及预后分析. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(10): 738-743.
28. Iqbal N, Irfan M, Zubairi A, et al. Association of hypercapnia on admission with increased length of hospital stay and severity in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational study from Pakistan. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(6): e013924.
29. Menéndez R, Martínez R, Reyes S, et al. Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax, 2009, 64(7): 587-591.
30. Falguera M, Carratalà J, Bielsa S, et al. Predictive factors, microbiology and outcome of patients with parapneumonic effusion. Eur Respir J, 2011, 38(5): 1173-1179.
31. Dean NC, Griffith PP, Sorensen JS, et al. Pleural effusions at first ED encounter predict worse clinical outcomes in patients with pneumonia. Chest, 2016, 149(6): 1509-1515.
32. 南凯, 郝利锋, 刘斯文, 等. 社区获得性肺炎患者早期治疗失败的相关因素分析. 河北医药, 2017, 39(24): 3730-3732, 3736.
33. Washio Y, Ito A, Kumagai S, et al. A model for predicting bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: a retrospective observational study. BMC Pulm Med, 2018, 18(1): 24.
34. Akyil FT, Yalcinsoy M, Hazar A, et al. Prognosis of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Rev Port Pneumol (2006), 2018: S2173511517301562.
35. Han X, Zhou F, Li H, et al. Effects of age, comorbidity and adherence to current antimicrobial guidelines on mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis, 2018, 18(1): 192.
36. Genné D, Sommer R, Kaiser L, et al. Analysis of factors that contribute to treatment failure in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2006, 25(3): 159-166.
37. Nie XM, Li YS, Yang ZW, et al. Initial empiric antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in Chinese hospitals. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2018, 24(6): 658.e1-658.e6.
38. 发热伴肺部阴影鉴别诊断共识专家组. 发热伴肺部阴影鉴别诊断专家共识. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(3): 169-176.
39. 李辉, 曹彬. 肺炎链球菌尿抗原检测方法在社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用价值. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2015, 38(1): 66-69.
40. 彭春红, 叶贤伟, 张湘燕. 社区获得性肺炎病原谱的构成及病原菌快速检测方法的进展. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(4): 311-312.
41. Rubin R. Why are Legionnaires disease diagnoses becoming more common in the United States?. JAMA, 2018, 319(17): 1753-1754.
42. 金丽媛, 陈愉, 刘宏博, 等. 初始治疗失败重症军团菌肺炎一例. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(48): 3983-3984.
43. 刘利华, 张玉芹, 董海新, 等. 痰真菌培养联合半乳甘露聚糖试验对侵袭性肺曲霉病的诊断价值. 中国中西医结合急救杂志, 2018, 25(2): 189-193.
44. 曹彬. 关注成人社区获得性肺炎中病毒性肺炎的诊治. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2016, 39(7): 569-570.
45. Leprince C, Desroches M, Emirian A, et al. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from adults with community-acquired pneumonia or complicated skin and soft tissue infections in France: the nationwide French PREMIUM study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2015, 83(2): 175-182.
46. Postma DF, van Werkhoven CH, van Elden LJ, et al. Antibiotic treatment strategies for community-acquired pneumonia in adults. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(14): 1312-1323.
47. 张能华. 降钙素原、超敏 C-反应蛋白和白细胞计数在肺炎患者中的临床应用价值. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2016, 26(19): 2796-2798.
48. Menéndez R, Cavalcanti M, Reyes S, et al. Markers of treatment failure in hospitalised community acquired pneumonia. Thorax, 2008, 63(5): 447-452.
49. Gilbert DN. Procalcitonin as a biomarker in respiratory tract infection. Clin Infect Dis, 2011, 52(Suppl 4): S346-S350.
50. Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Mueller B. Procalcitonin testing to guide antibiotic therapy in acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections. JAMA, 2018, 319(9): 925-926.
51. 郭亚威, 王萌, 朱丹丹, 等. 降钙素原联合 CURB-65 评分对老年社区获得性肺炎患者预后的评估价值. 中国综合临床, 2019, 35(1): 73-76.
52. Self WH, Grijalva CG, Williams DJ, et al. Procalcitonin as an early marker of the need for invasive respiratory or vasopressor support in adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest, 2016, 150(4): 819-828.
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