呼气末二氧化碳监测技术在无效腔分析中的应用：从基础到临床_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

张丽利 ^1,2 ,  于学忠 ¹ , 徐军 ¹ , 余姗姗 ² , 付阳阳 ¹ , 金魁 ¹

1. ;
2. ;

Corresponding author：

于学忠, Email: 1545157632@qq.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.201905008

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Citation： 张丽利, 于学忠, 徐军, 余姗姗, 付阳阳, 金魁. 呼气末二氧化碳监测技术在无效腔分析中的应用：从基础到临床. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2021, 20(8): 602-608. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.201905008 Copy

1.	急诊呼气末二氧化碳监测专家共识组. 急诊呼气末二氧化碳监测专家共识. 中国急救医学, 2017, 37(7): 585-589.
2.	Kreit JW. Volume capnography in the intensive care unit: physiological principles, measurements, and calculations. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2019, 16(3): 291-300.
3.	王庭槐主编. 生理学. 9 版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018, 155-159.
4.	Robertson HT. Dead space: the physiology of wasted ventilation. Eur Resp J, 2015, 45: 1704-1716.
5.	Sinha P, Flower O, Soni N. Deadspace ventilation: a waste of breath!. Intensive Care Med, 2011, 37: 735-746.
6.	Siobal MS. Monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide. Respir Care, 2016, 61(10): 1397-1416.
7.	Nassar BS, Schmidt GA. Capnography during critical illness. Chest, 2016, 149(2): 576-585.
8.	Tusman G, Sipmann FS, Bohm SH. Rationale of dead space measurement by volumetric capnography. Anesth Analg, 2012, 114(4): 866-874.
9.	Riley RL, Cournand A. Ideal alveolar air and the analysis of ventilation- perfusion relationships in the lungs. J Appl Physiol, 1949, 1: 825-847.
10.	Rahn H. A concept of mean alveolar air and the ventilation-blood flow relationships during pulmonary gas exchange. Am J Physiol, 1949, 158: 21-30.
11.	Yang J, Chen B, Burk K, et al. A mainstream monitoring system for respiratory CO2 concentration and gasflow. Int J Clin Monit Comput, 2016, 30(4): 467-473.
12.	Duke-Novakovski T. Basics of monitoring equipment. Can Vet J, 2017, 58(11): 1200-1208.
13.	Balogh AL, Petak F, Fodor GH, et al. Capnogram slope and ventilation dead space parameters: comparison of mainstream and sidestream techniques. Br J Anaesth, 2016, 117(1): 109-117.
14.	Jaffe MB. Using the features of the time and volumetric capnogram for classification and prediction. J Clin Monit Comput, 2017, 31(1): 19-41.
15.	Suarez-Sipmann F, Bohm SH, Tusman G. Volumetric capnography: the time has come. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2014, 20(3): 333-339.
16.	Bohr C. Ueber die lungenathmung. Skand Arch Physiol, 1891, 2: 236-268.
17.	Carter EP. A note upon the technique and accuracy of the method of Douglas and Haldane for calculating the dead space in breathing. J Exp Med, 1914, 20(1): 81-91.
18.	Aitken RS, Clark-Kennedy AE. On the fluctuation in the composition of the alveolar air during the respiratory cycle in muscular exercise. J Physiol, 1928, 65(4): 389-411.
19.	Fletcher R, Jonson B. Deadspace and the single breath test for carbon dioxide during anaesthesia and artificial ventilation. Br J Anaesth, 1984, 56: 109-119.
20.	Tusman G, Suarez SF, Borges JB, et al. Validation of Bohr dead space measured by volumetric capnography. Intensive Care Med, 2011, 37: 870-874.
21.	Enghoff H. Volumen inefficax. Upsala Lakaref Forh, 1938, 44: 191-218.
22.	Fowler WS. Lung function studies: the respiratory dead space. Am J Physiol, 1948, 154(3): 405-416.
23.	Rickaby DA, Hanus MJ, Hamilton LH. A computer program for calculating respiratory anatomic dead space. Int J Biomed Comput, 1981, 12(2): 125-138.
24.	Frankenfield DC, Alam S, Bekteshi E, et al. Predicting dead space ventilation in critically ill patients using clinically available data. Crit Care Med, 2010, 38(1): 288-291.
25.	Kurt OK, Alpar S, Sipit T, et al. The diagnostic role of capnography in pulmonary embolism. Am J Emerg Med, 2010, 28(4): 460-465.
26.	Kallet RH, Zhuo H, Ho K, et al. Lung injury etiology and other factors influencing the relationship between dead-space fraction and mortality in ARDS. Respir Care, 2017, 62(10): 1241-1248.
27.	Raurich JM, Vilar M, Colomar A, et al. Prognostic value of the pulmonarydead-space fraction during the early and intermediate phases of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care, 2010, 55(3): 282-287.
28.	Cepkova M, Kapur V, Ren X, et al. Pulmonary dead space fraction and pulmonary artery systolic pressure as early predictors of clinical outcome in acute lung injury. Chest, 2007, 132(3): 836-842.
29.	Lucangelo U, Bernabe` F, Vatua S, et al. Prognostic value of different deadspace indices in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury and ARDS. Chest, 2008, 133(1): 62-71.
30.	Kallet RH, Zhuo H, Liu KD, et al. The association between physiologic dead-space fraction and mortality in subjects with ARDS enrolled in a prospective multi-center clinical trial. Respir Care, 2014, 59(11): 1611-1618.
31.	Nuckton TJ, Alonso JA, Kallet RH, et al. Pulmonary dead-space fraction as a risk factor for death in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(17): 1281-1286.
32.	袁连方, 戴璇, 胡国华, 等. 急性肺栓塞的诊断及治疗进展. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2014, 7(5): 84-87.
33.	Burki NK. The dead space to tidal volume ratio in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1986, 133(4): 679-685.
34.	Sanchez O, Wermert D, Faisy C, et al. Clinical probability and alveolar dead space measurement for suspected pulmonary embolism in patients with an abnormal D-dimer test result. J Thromb Haemost, 2006, 4(7): 1517-1522.
35.	Kline JA, Israel EG, Michelson EA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a bedside D-dimer assay and alveolar dead-space measurement for rapidexclusion of pulmonary embolism: a multicenter study. JAMA, 2001, 285(6): 761-768.
36.	郝万明, 韩伟, 唐华平, 等. 肺泡死腔分数在急性肺栓塞诊断中的作用. 实用临床医药杂志, 2010, 14(7): 10-12.
37.	韩伟, 唐华平, 郝万明, 等. 肺泡死腔分数对急性肺栓塞病情的评估价值. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2010, 9(5): 520-522.
38.	Moreira MM, Terzi RG, Carvalho CH, et al. Alveolar dead space and capnographic variables before and after thrombolysis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 2009, 5(1): 9-12.
39.	Park CI, Bendjelid K, Bonvini RF. Arterial to end-tidal CO2 pressure gradient: a bedside parameter to monitor patients with massive pulmonary embolism. Am J Emerg Med, 2013, 31(3): 639.e1-e3.
40.	El-Baradey GF, El-Shamaa NS. Compliance versus dead space for optimum positive end expiratory pressure determination in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Indian J Crit Care Med, 2014, 18(8): 508-512.
41.	Gogniat E, Ducrey M, Dianti J, et al. Dead space analysis at different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. J Crit Care, 2018, 45: 231-238.
42.	González-Castroa A, Suárez-Lopez V, Gómez-Marcos V, et al. Utility of the dead space fraction (Vd/Vt) as a predictor of extubation success. Med Intensiva, 2011, 35(9): 529-538.
43.	Hubble CL, Gentile MA, Tripp DS, et al. Deadspace to tidal volume ratio predicts successful extubation in infants and children. Crit Care Med, 2000, 28(6): 2034-2040.
44.	Riou Y, Chaari W, Leteurtre S, et al. Predictive value of the physiological deadspace/tidal volume ratio in the weaning process of mechanical ventilation in children. J Pediatr, 2012, 88(3): 217-221.

1. 急诊呼气末二氧化碳监测专家共识组. 急诊呼气末二氧化碳监测专家共识. 中国急救医学, 2017, 37(7): 585-589.
2. Kreit JW. Volume capnography in the intensive care unit: physiological principles, measurements, and calculations. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2019, 16(3): 291-300.
3. 王庭槐主编. 生理学. 9 版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018, 155-159.
4. Robertson HT. Dead space: the physiology of wasted ventilation. Eur Resp J, 2015, 45: 1704-1716.
5. Sinha P, Flower O, Soni N. Deadspace ventilation: a waste of breath!. Intensive Care Med, 2011, 37: 735-746.
6. Siobal MS. Monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide. Respir Care, 2016, 61(10): 1397-1416.
7. Nassar BS, Schmidt GA. Capnography during critical illness. Chest, 2016, 149(2): 576-585.
8. Tusman G, Sipmann FS, Bohm SH. Rationale of dead space measurement by volumetric capnography. Anesth Analg, 2012, 114(4): 866-874.
9. Riley RL, Cournand A. Ideal alveolar air and the analysis of ventilation- perfusion relationships in the lungs. J Appl Physiol, 1949, 1: 825-847.
10. Rahn H. A concept of mean alveolar air and the ventilation-blood flow relationships during pulmonary gas exchange. Am J Physiol, 1949, 158: 21-30.
11. Yang J, Chen B, Burk K, et al. A mainstream monitoring system for respiratory CO2 concentration and gasflow. Int J Clin Monit Comput, 2016, 30(4): 467-473.
12. Duke-Novakovski T. Basics of monitoring equipment. Can Vet J, 2017, 58(11): 1200-1208.
13. Balogh AL, Petak F, Fodor GH, et al. Capnogram slope and ventilation dead space parameters: comparison of mainstream and sidestream techniques. Br J Anaesth, 2016, 117(1): 109-117.
14. Jaffe MB. Using the features of the time and volumetric capnogram for classification and prediction. J Clin Monit Comput, 2017, 31(1): 19-41.
15. Suarez-Sipmann F, Bohm SH, Tusman G. Volumetric capnography: the time has come. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2014, 20(3): 333-339.
16. Bohr C. Ueber die lungenathmung. Skand Arch Physiol, 1891, 2: 236-268.
17. Carter EP. A note upon the technique and accuracy of the method of Douglas and Haldane for calculating the dead space in breathing. J Exp Med, 1914, 20(1): 81-91.
18. Aitken RS, Clark-Kennedy AE. On the fluctuation in the composition of the alveolar air during the respiratory cycle in muscular exercise. J Physiol, 1928, 65(4): 389-411.
19. Fletcher R, Jonson B. Deadspace and the single breath test for carbon dioxide during anaesthesia and artificial ventilation. Br J Anaesth, 1984, 56: 109-119.
20. Tusman G, Suarez SF, Borges JB, et al. Validation of Bohr dead space measured by volumetric capnography. Intensive Care Med, 2011, 37: 870-874.
21. Enghoff H. Volumen inefficax. Upsala Lakaref Forh, 1938, 44: 191-218.
22. Fowler WS. Lung function studies: the respiratory dead space. Am J Physiol, 1948, 154(3): 405-416.
23. Rickaby DA, Hanus MJ, Hamilton LH. A computer program for calculating respiratory anatomic dead space. Int J Biomed Comput, 1981, 12(2): 125-138.
24. Frankenfield DC, Alam S, Bekteshi E, et al. Predicting dead space ventilation in critically ill patients using clinically available data. Crit Care Med, 2010, 38(1): 288-291.
25. Kurt OK, Alpar S, Sipit T, et al. The diagnostic role of capnography in pulmonary embolism. Am J Emerg Med, 2010, 28(4): 460-465.
26. Kallet RH, Zhuo H, Ho K, et al. Lung injury etiology and other factors influencing the relationship between dead-space fraction and mortality in ARDS. Respir Care, 2017, 62(10): 1241-1248.
27. Raurich JM, Vilar M, Colomar A, et al. Prognostic value of the pulmonarydead-space fraction during the early and intermediate phases of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care, 2010, 55(3): 282-287.
28. Cepkova M, Kapur V, Ren X, et al. Pulmonary dead space fraction and pulmonary artery systolic pressure as early predictors of clinical outcome in acute lung injury. Chest, 2007, 132(3): 836-842.
29. Lucangelo U, Bernabe` F, Vatua S, et al. Prognostic value of different deadspace indices in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury and ARDS. Chest, 2008, 133(1): 62-71.
30. Kallet RH, Zhuo H, Liu KD, et al. The association between physiologic dead-space fraction and mortality in subjects with ARDS enrolled in a prospective multi-center clinical trial. Respir Care, 2014, 59(11): 1611-1618.
31. Nuckton TJ, Alonso JA, Kallet RH, et al. Pulmonary dead-space fraction as a risk factor for death in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(17): 1281-1286.
32. 袁连方, 戴璇, 胡国华, 等. 急性肺栓塞的诊断及治疗进展. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2014, 7(5): 84-87.
33. Burki NK. The dead space to tidal volume ratio in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1986, 133(4): 679-685.
34. Sanchez O, Wermert D, Faisy C, et al. Clinical probability and alveolar dead space measurement for suspected pulmonary embolism in patients with an abnormal D-dimer test result. J Thromb Haemost, 2006, 4(7): 1517-1522.
35. Kline JA, Israel EG, Michelson EA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a bedside D-dimer assay and alveolar dead-space measurement for rapidexclusion of pulmonary embolism: a multicenter study. JAMA, 2001, 285(6): 761-768.
36. 郝万明, 韩伟, 唐华平, 等. 肺泡死腔分数在急性肺栓塞诊断中的作用. 实用临床医药杂志, 2010, 14(7): 10-12.
37. 韩伟, 唐华平, 郝万明, 等. 肺泡死腔分数对急性肺栓塞病情的评估价值. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2010, 9(5): 520-522.
38. Moreira MM, Terzi RG, Carvalho CH, et al. Alveolar dead space and capnographic variables before and after thrombolysis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 2009, 5(1): 9-12.
39. Park CI, Bendjelid K, Bonvini RF. Arterial to end-tidal CO2 pressure gradient: a bedside parameter to monitor patients with massive pulmonary embolism. Am J Emerg Med, 2013, 31(3): 639.e1-e3.
40. El-Baradey GF, El-Shamaa NS. Compliance versus dead space for optimum positive end expiratory pressure determination in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Indian J Crit Care Med, 2014, 18(8): 508-512.
41. Gogniat E, Ducrey M, Dianti J, et al. Dead space analysis at different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. J Crit Care, 2018, 45: 231-238.
42. González-Castroa A, Suárez-Lopez V, Gómez-Marcos V, et al. Utility of the dead space fraction (Vd/Vt) as a predictor of extubation success. Med Intensiva, 2011, 35(9): 529-538.
43. Hubble CL, Gentile MA, Tripp DS, et al. Deadspace to tidal volume ratio predicts successful extubation in infants and children. Crit Care Med, 2000, 28(6): 2034-2040.
44. Riou Y, Chaari W, Leteurtre S, et al. Predictive value of the physiological deadspace/tidal volume ratio in the weaning process of mechanical ventilation in children. J Pediatr, 2012, 88(3): 217-221.

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