新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的肺部后遗症_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

张庆丰 ,  HU Ke

武汉大学人民医院呼吸与危重症医学二科（湖北武汉 430060）;

Corresponding author：

HU Ke, Email: huke-rmhospital@163.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202203052

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Citation： HU Ke. 新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的肺部后遗症. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2022, 21(7): 516-521. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202203052 Copy

1.	Zhu N, Zhang DY, Wang WL, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(8): 727-733.
2.	Xu Z, Shi L, Wang YJ, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med, 2020, 8(4): 420-422.
3.	Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, et al. Pathophysiology, Transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA, 2020, 324(8): 782-793.
4.	Middeldorp S, Coppens M, van Haaps TF, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost, 2020, 18(8): 1995-2002.
5.	Tang N, Li DJ, Wang X, et al. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost, 2020, 18(4): 844-847.
6.	Fan Y, Li X, Zhang L, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2022, 7(1): 141.
7.	Hui DS, Joynt GM, Wong KT, et al. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors. Thorax, 2005, 60(5): 401-409.
8.	Ngai JC, Ko FW, Ng SS, et al. The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status. Respirology, 2010, 15(3): 543-550.
9.	Xie LX, Liu YN, Xiao YY, et al. Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge. Chest, 2005, 127(6): 2119-2124.
10.	Park WB, Jun KI, Kim G, et al. Correlation between pneumonia severity and pulmonary complications in Middle East respiratory syndrome. J Korean Med Sci, 2018, 33(24): e169.
11.	Bai L, Gu L, Cao B, et al. Clinical features of pneumonia caused by 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in Beijing, China. Chest, 2011, 139(5): 1156-1164.
12.	Lavery AM, Preston LE, Ko JY, et al. Characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients discharged and experiencing same-hospital readmission - United States, March-August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020, 69(45): 1695-1699.
13.	Aesif SW, Bribriesco AC, Yadav R, et al. Pulmonary pathology of COVID-19 following 8 weeks to 4 months of severe disease: a report of three cases, including one with bilateral lung transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol, 2021, 155(4): 506-514.
14.	Chopra V, Flanders SA, O'malley M, et al. Sixty-day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med, 2021, 174(4): 576-578.
15.	Evans RA, McAuley H, Harrison EM, et al. Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of COVID-19 after hospitalisation (PHOSP-COVID): a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med, 2021, 9(11): 1275-1287.
16.	Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2022, 28(5): 657-666.
17.	Martin-Villares C, Perez Molina-Ramirez C, Bartolome-Benito M, et al. Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2021, 278(5): 1605-1612.
18.	Mo XN, Jian WH, Su ZQ, et al. Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge. Eur Respir J, 2020, 55(6): 2001217.
19.	Chapman DG, Badal T, King GG, et al. Caution in interpretation of abnormal carbon monoxide diffusion capacity in COVID-19 patients. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(1): 2003263.
20.	van der Sar-van der Brugge S, Talman S, Boonman-De Winter L, et al. Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life after COVID-19 pneumonia. Respir Med, 2021, 176: 106272.
21.	Huang YY, Tan CY, Wu J, et al. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on pulmonary function in early convalescence phase. Respir Res, 2020, 21(1): 163.
22.	Shah AS, Wong AW, Hague CJ, et al. A prospective study of 12-week respiratory outcomes in COVID-19-related hospitalisations. Thorax, 2021, 76(4): 402-404.
23.	Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, et al. Respiratory and psychophysical sequelae among patients with COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge. JAMA Netw Open, 2021, 4(1): e2036142.
24.	Huang CL, Huang LX, Wang YM, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet, 2021, 397(10270): 220-232.
25.	Huang LX, Yao Q, Gu XY, et al. 1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet, 2021, 398(10302): 747-758.
26.	Wang YH, Dong CJ, Hu Y, et al. Temporal changes of CT findings in 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a longitudinal study. Radiology, 2020, 296(2): e55-e64.
27.	Liao XJ, Li DP, Liu Z, et al. Pulmonary sequelae in patients after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019: a follow-up study with chest CT. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 686878.
28.	Caruso D, Guido G, Zerunian M, et al. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 pneumonia: six-month Chest CT follow-up. Radiology, 2021, 301(2): e396-e405.
29.	Hui KPY, Ho JCW, Cheung MC, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant replication in human bronchus and lung ex vivo. Nature, 2022, 603(7902): 715-720.
30.	Galán JC, Cantón R. New variants in SARS-CoV-2: what are we learning from the Omicron variant?. Arch Bronconeumol, 2022, 58 Suppl 1: 3-5.
31.	Altarawneh HN, Chemaitelly H, Hasan MR, et al. Protection against the Omicron variant from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med, 2022, 386(13): 1288-1290.
32.	Han XY, Fan YQ, Alwalid O, et al. Six-month follow-up chest CT findings after severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiology, 2021, 299(1): e177-e186.
33.	Denina M, Pruccoli G, Scolfaro C, et al. Sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized children: a 4-months follow-up. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2020, 39(12): e458-e459.
34.	Lee AM, Wong JG, Mcalonan GM, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry, 2007, 52(4): 233-240.
35.	Xiong QT, Xu M, Li J, et al. Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2021, 27(1): 89-95.
36.	Bechmann N, Barthel A, Schedl A, et al. Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022: 1-10.
37.	Aminian A, Bena J, Pantalone K M, et al. Association of obesity with postacute sequelae of COVID-19. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2021, 23(9): 2183-2188.
38.	Li Y, Han X, Huang J, et al. Follow-up study of pulmonary sequelae in discharged COVID-19 patients with diabetes or secondary hyperglycemia. Eur J Radiol, 2021, 144: 109997.
39.	Cao YH, Liu XL, Xiong LJ, et al. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol, 2020, 92(9): 1449-1459.
40.	Orme J Jr, Romney JS, Hopkins RO, et al. Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 167(5): 690-694.
41.	Prescott HC, Angus DC. Enhancing recovery from sepsis: a review. JAMA, 2018, 319(1): 62-75.
42.	Guler SA, Ebner L, Aubry-Beigelman C, et al. Pulmonary function and radiological features 4 months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(4): 2003690.
43.	Zhang D, Zhang C, Li XH, et al. Thin-section computed tomography findings and longitudinal variations of the residual pulmonary sequelae after discharge in patients with COVID-19: a short-term follow-up study. Eur Radiol, 2021, 31(9): 7172-7183.
44.	Zhang PX, Li J, Liu HX, et al. Long-term bone and lung consequences associated with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study. Bone Res, 2020, 8: 8.
45.	Sonnweber T, Sahanic S, Pizzini A, et al. Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19: an observational prospective multicentre trial. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(4): 2003481.
46.	Wu XJ, Liu XF, Zhou YL, et al. 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study. Lancet Respir Med, 2021, 9(7): 747-754.
47.	Han XY, Fan YQ, Alwalid O, et al. Fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities at 1-year follow-up CT after severe COVID-19. Radiology, 2021, 301(3): e438-e440.
48.	George PM, Barratt SL, Condliffe R, et al. Respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thorax, 2020, 75(11): 1009-1016.
49.	Myall KJ, Mukherjee B, Castanheira AM, et al. Persistent post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease. An observational study of corticosteroid treatment. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2021, 18(5): 799-806.
50.	Daynes E, Gerlis C, Chaplin E, et al. Early experiences of rehabilitation for individuals post-COVID to improve fatigue, breathlessness exercise capacity and cognition - a cohort study. Chron Respir Dis, 2021, 18(1): 1-4.

1. Zhu N, Zhang DY, Wang WL, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(8): 727-733.
2. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang YJ, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med, 2020, 8(4): 420-422.
3. Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, et al. Pathophysiology, Transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA, 2020, 324(8): 782-793.
4. Middeldorp S, Coppens M, van Haaps TF, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost, 2020, 18(8): 1995-2002.
5. Tang N, Li DJ, Wang X, et al. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost, 2020, 18(4): 844-847.
6. Fan Y, Li X, Zhang L, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2022, 7(1): 141.
7. Hui DS, Joynt GM, Wong KT, et al. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors. Thorax, 2005, 60(5): 401-409.
8. Ngai JC, Ko FW, Ng SS, et al. The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status. Respirology, 2010, 15(3): 543-550.
9. Xie LX, Liu YN, Xiao YY, et al. Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge. Chest, 2005, 127(6): 2119-2124.
10. Park WB, Jun KI, Kim G, et al. Correlation between pneumonia severity and pulmonary complications in Middle East respiratory syndrome. J Korean Med Sci, 2018, 33(24): e169.
11. Bai L, Gu L, Cao B, et al. Clinical features of pneumonia caused by 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in Beijing, China. Chest, 2011, 139(5): 1156-1164.
12. Lavery AM, Preston LE, Ko JY, et al. Characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients discharged and experiencing same-hospital readmission - United States, March-August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020, 69(45): 1695-1699.
13. Aesif SW, Bribriesco AC, Yadav R, et al. Pulmonary pathology of COVID-19 following 8 weeks to 4 months of severe disease: a report of three cases, including one with bilateral lung transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol, 2021, 155(4): 506-514.
14. Chopra V, Flanders SA, O'malley M, et al. Sixty-day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med, 2021, 174(4): 576-578.
15. Evans RA, McAuley H, Harrison EM, et al. Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of COVID-19 after hospitalisation (PHOSP-COVID): a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med, 2021, 9(11): 1275-1287.
16. Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2022, 28(5): 657-666.
17. Martin-Villares C, Perez Molina-Ramirez C, Bartolome-Benito M, et al. Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2021, 278(5): 1605-1612.
18. Mo XN, Jian WH, Su ZQ, et al. Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge. Eur Respir J, 2020, 55(6): 2001217.
19. Chapman DG, Badal T, King GG, et al. Caution in interpretation of abnormal carbon monoxide diffusion capacity in COVID-19 patients. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(1): 2003263.
20. van der Sar-van der Brugge S, Talman S, Boonman-De Winter L, et al. Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life after COVID-19 pneumonia. Respir Med, 2021, 176: 106272.
21. Huang YY, Tan CY, Wu J, et al. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on pulmonary function in early convalescence phase. Respir Res, 2020, 21(1): 163.
22. Shah AS, Wong AW, Hague CJ, et al. A prospective study of 12-week respiratory outcomes in COVID-19-related hospitalisations. Thorax, 2021, 76(4): 402-404.
23. Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, et al. Respiratory and psychophysical sequelae among patients with COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge. JAMA Netw Open, 2021, 4(1): e2036142.
24. Huang CL, Huang LX, Wang YM, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet, 2021, 397(10270): 220-232.
25. Huang LX, Yao Q, Gu XY, et al. 1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet, 2021, 398(10302): 747-758.
26. Wang YH, Dong CJ, Hu Y, et al. Temporal changes of CT findings in 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a longitudinal study. Radiology, 2020, 296(2): e55-e64.
27. Liao XJ, Li DP, Liu Z, et al. Pulmonary sequelae in patients after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019: a follow-up study with chest CT. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 686878.
28. Caruso D, Guido G, Zerunian M, et al. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 pneumonia: six-month Chest CT follow-up. Radiology, 2021, 301(2): e396-e405.
29. Hui KPY, Ho JCW, Cheung MC, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant replication in human bronchus and lung ex vivo. Nature, 2022, 603(7902): 715-720.
30. Galán JC, Cantón R. New variants in SARS-CoV-2: what are we learning from the Omicron variant?. Arch Bronconeumol, 2022, 58 Suppl 1: 3-5.
31. Altarawneh HN, Chemaitelly H, Hasan MR, et al. Protection against the Omicron variant from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med, 2022, 386(13): 1288-1290.
32. Han XY, Fan YQ, Alwalid O, et al. Six-month follow-up chest CT findings after severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiology, 2021, 299(1): e177-e186.
33. Denina M, Pruccoli G, Scolfaro C, et al. Sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized children: a 4-months follow-up. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2020, 39(12): e458-e459.
34. Lee AM, Wong JG, Mcalonan GM, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry, 2007, 52(4): 233-240.
35. Xiong QT, Xu M, Li J, et al. Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2021, 27(1): 89-95.
36. Bechmann N, Barthel A, Schedl A, et al. Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022: 1-10.
37. Aminian A, Bena J, Pantalone K M, et al. Association of obesity with postacute sequelae of COVID-19. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2021, 23(9): 2183-2188.
38. Li Y, Han X, Huang J, et al. Follow-up study of pulmonary sequelae in discharged COVID-19 patients with diabetes or secondary hyperglycemia. Eur J Radiol, 2021, 144: 109997.
39. Cao YH, Liu XL, Xiong LJ, et al. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol, 2020, 92(9): 1449-1459.
40. Orme J Jr, Romney JS, Hopkins RO, et al. Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 167(5): 690-694.
41. Prescott HC, Angus DC. Enhancing recovery from sepsis: a review. JAMA, 2018, 319(1): 62-75.
42. Guler SA, Ebner L, Aubry-Beigelman C, et al. Pulmonary function and radiological features 4 months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(4): 2003690.
43. Zhang D, Zhang C, Li XH, et al. Thin-section computed tomography findings and longitudinal variations of the residual pulmonary sequelae after discharge in patients with COVID-19: a short-term follow-up study. Eur Radiol, 2021, 31(9): 7172-7183.
44. Zhang PX, Li J, Liu HX, et al. Long-term bone and lung consequences associated with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study. Bone Res, 2020, 8: 8.
45. Sonnweber T, Sahanic S, Pizzini A, et al. Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19: an observational prospective multicentre trial. Eur Respir J, 2021, 57(4): 2003481.
46. Wu XJ, Liu XF, Zhou YL, et al. 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study. Lancet Respir Med, 2021, 9(7): 747-754.
47. Han XY, Fan YQ, Alwalid O, et al. Fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities at 1-year follow-up CT after severe COVID-19. Radiology, 2021, 301(3): e438-e440.
48. George PM, Barratt SL, Condliffe R, et al. Respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thorax, 2020, 75(11): 1009-1016.
49. Myall KJ, Mukherjee B, Castanheira AM, et al. Persistent post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease. An observational study of corticosteroid treatment. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2021, 18(5): 799-806.
50. Daynes E, Gerlis C, Chaplin E, et al. Early experiences of rehabilitation for individuals post-COVID to improve fatigue, breathlessness exercise capacity and cognition - a cohort study. Chron Respir Dis, 2021, 18(1): 1-4.

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新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的肺部后遗症

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