The present research status on pulmonary infections after lung transplantation_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

WANG Wenjing , LI Xiaoshan , QIAN Ting , YANG Hang , CHEN Jingyu ,  WU Bo

Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WU Bo, Email: fyz333@126.com

Keywords：

Lung transplantation; Pulmonary infection; Infection prevention and treatment

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202207080

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Lung transplantation has become an effective treatment for various end-stage lung diseases, which can significantly improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients. However, there are still many challenges in the postoperative management of lung transplantation, which pulmonary infection is the primary factor affecting the survival and quality of life of recipients. This article reviews the common infection types and risk factors of lung transplantation recipients at home and abroad, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of clinical lung transplantation infection.

Citation： WANG Wenjing, LI Xiaoshan, QIAN Ting, YANG Hang, CHEN Jingyu, WU Bo. The present research status on pulmonary infections after lung transplantation. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2022, 21(8): 550-555. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202207080 Copy

1.	Christie JD, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-seventh Official Adult Lung and Heart–Lung Transplant Report—2010. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2010, 29(10): 1104-1118.
2.	Yusen RD, Edwards LB, Dipchand AI, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirtythird Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Report-2016; Focus Theme: Primary Diagnostic Indications for Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2016, 35(10): 1170-1184.
3.	Christie JD, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-eighth Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Report-2011. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2011, 30(10): 1104-1122.
4.	黄洁夫. 中国器官移植发展报告. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2020, 46-52.
5.	King CS, Khandhar S, Burton N, et al. Native lung complications in single-lung transplant recipients and the role of pneumonectomy. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2009, 28: 851-856.
6.	Fischer SA, Avery RK; the AST Infectious Disease Community of Practice. Screening of donor and recipient prior to solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant, 2009, 9(Suppl 4): S7-S18.
7.	Bonde PN, Patel ND, Borja MC, et al. Impact of donor lung organisms on post-lung transplant pneumonia. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2006, 25: 99-105.
8.	Verleden GM, Vos R, van Raemdonck D, et al. Pulmonary infection defense after lung transplantation: does airway ischemia play a role?. Curr Opin Organ Transplant, 2010, 15: 568-571.
9.	Murthy SC, Gildea TR, Machuzak MS. Anastomotic airway complications after lung transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant, 2010, 15: 582-587.
10.	Parada MT, Alba A, Sepúlveda C. Early and late infections in lung transplantation patients. Transplant Proc, 2010, 42(1): 333-335.
11.	Neofytos D, Treadway S, Ostrander D, et al. Epidemiology, outcomes, and mortality predictors of invasive mold infections among transplant recipients: a 10-year, single-center experience. Transpl Infect Dis, 2013, 15(3): 233-242.
12.	卫栋, 范立, 班乐. 中国肺移植术后并发症诊疗和随访技术规范(2019版). 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2019, 13(2): 99-108.
13.	周燕飞, 邓敏. 连续3年临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布及耐药性. 中国感染控制杂志, 2015, 14(1): 42-44.
14.	Nęcki M, Gawęda M, Pandel A, et al. Microbiological status as a factor of airway complications after lung transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2020, 52(7): 2149-2154.
15.	张秀红, 缪丽燕, 陈静瑜, 等. 呼吸重症监护病房肺移植术后患者早期感染病原菌分布与耐药性. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(9): 785-790.
16.	Torre-Cisneros J, Doblas A, Aguado JM, et al. Tuberculosis after solid-organ transplant: incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics in the RESITRA (Spanish Network of Infection in Transplantation) cohort. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 48(12): 1657-1665.
17.	Longworth SA, Daly JS; the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Management of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in solid organ transplant recipients-Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant, 2019, 33(9): e13588.
18.	Chalermskulrat W, Sood N, Neuringer IP, et al. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in end stage cystic fibrosis: implications for lung transplantation. Thorax, 2006, 61: 507-513.
19.	Boussaud V, Guillemain R, Grenet D, et al. Clinical outcome following lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis colonised with Burkholderia cepacia complex: results from two French centres. Thorax, 2008, 63(8): 732-737.
20.	Tavares M, Kozak M, Balola A, et al. Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: a feared contamination risk in water-based pharmaceutical products. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2020, 33(3): e00139-19.
21.	Potena L, Solidoro P, Patrucco F, et al. Treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in heart and lung transplantation: an update. Expert Opini Pharmacother, 2016, 17(12): 1611-1622.
22.	Ljungman P, Boeckh M, Hirsch HH, et al. Definitions of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in transplant patients for use in clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis, 2017, 64(1): 87-91.
23.	Humar A, Snydman D; the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant, 2009, 9(Suppl 4): S78-S86.
24.	Krishnam MS, Suh RD, Tomasian A, et al. Postoperative complications of lung transplantation: radiologic findings along a time continuum. Radiographics, 2007, 27(4): 957-974.
25.	Snyder LD, Finlen-Copeland CA, Turbyfill WJ, et al. Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis is a risk for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 181: 1391-1396.
26.	Kotton CN, Kumar D, Caliendo AM, et al. International Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation, 2010, 89: 779-795.
27.	Courtwright AM, Burkett P, Divo M, et al. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in Epstein-Barr virus donor positive/recipient negative lung transplant recipients. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 105(2): 441-447.
28.	Peghin M, Los-Arcos I, Hirsch HH, et al. Communityacquired respiratory viruses are a risk factor for chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Clin Infect Dis, 2019, 69(7): 1192-1197.
29.	Solé A, Salavert M. Fungal infections after lung transplantation. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2009, 15(3): 243-253.
30.	Vazquez R, Vazquez-Guillamet MC, Suarez J, et al. Invasive mold infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients: Stanford University experience. Transpl Infect Dis, 2015, 17(2): 259-266.
31.	Doligalski CT, Benedict K, Cleveland AA, et al. Epidemiology of invasive mold infections in lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant, 2014, 14(6): 1328-1333.
32.	Weigt SS, Elashoff RM, Huang C, et al. Aspergillus colonization of the lung allograft is a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Am J Transplant, 2009, 9(8): 1903-1911.
33.	Sims KD, Blumberg EA. Common infections in the lung transplant recipient. Clin Chest Med, 2011, 32: 327-341.
34.	Baker AW, Maziarz EK, Arnold CJ, et al. Invasive fungal infection after lung transplantation: epidemiology in the setting of antifungal prophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis, 2019, 70(1): 30-39.
35.	Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of Aspergillosis: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 46: 327-360.
36.	Silveira FP, Husain S. Fungal infections in lung transplant recipients. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2008, 14: 211-218.
37.	Ramanan P, Scherger S, Benamu E, et al. Toxoplasmosis in non-cardiac solid organ transplant recipients: a case series and review of literature. Transplant Infect Dis, 2020, 22(1): e13218.
38.	Cooper AJR, Dholakia S, Holland CV, et al. Helminths in organ transplantation. Lancet Infect Dis, 2017, 17(6): e166-e176.
39.	Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol, 2014, 13(12): 1202-1215.
40.	Burguete SR, Maselli DJ, Fernandez JF, et al. Lung transplant infection. Respirology, 2013, 18(1): 22-38.
41.	Razonable RR, Humar A. Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients—Guidelines of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant, 2019, 33(9): e13512.
42.	Lee DH, Zuckerman RA. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant, 2019, 33(9): e13526.
43.	Nosotti M, Tarsia P, Morlacchi LC. Infections after lung transplantation. J Thorac Dis, 2018, 10(6): 3849-3868.
44.	操梅林, 徐燕丽, 张秀群, 等. 泊沙康唑预防侵袭性真菌感染有效性及安全性的荟萃分析. 中国感染与化疗杂志, 2015, 15(14): 309-314.

1. Christie JD, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-seventh Official Adult Lung and Heart–Lung Transplant Report—2010. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2010, 29(10): 1104-1118.
2. Yusen RD, Edwards LB, Dipchand AI, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirtythird Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Report-2016; Focus Theme: Primary Diagnostic Indications for Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2016, 35(10): 1170-1184.
3. Christie JD, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-eighth Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Report-2011. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2011, 30(10): 1104-1122.
4. 黄洁夫. 中国器官移植发展报告. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2020, 46-52.
5. King CS, Khandhar S, Burton N, et al. Native lung complications in single-lung transplant recipients and the role of pneumonectomy. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2009, 28: 851-856.
6. Fischer SA, Avery RK; the AST Infectious Disease Community of Practice. Screening of donor and recipient prior to solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant, 2009, 9(Suppl 4): S7-S18.
7. Bonde PN, Patel ND, Borja MC, et al. Impact of donor lung organisms on post-lung transplant pneumonia. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2006, 25: 99-105.
8. Verleden GM, Vos R, van Raemdonck D, et al. Pulmonary infection defense after lung transplantation: does airway ischemia play a role?. Curr Opin Organ Transplant, 2010, 15: 568-571.
9. Murthy SC, Gildea TR, Machuzak MS. Anastomotic airway complications after lung transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant, 2010, 15: 582-587.
10. Parada MT, Alba A, Sepúlveda C. Early and late infections in lung transplantation patients. Transplant Proc, 2010, 42(1): 333-335.
11. Neofytos D, Treadway S, Ostrander D, et al. Epidemiology, outcomes, and mortality predictors of invasive mold infections among transplant recipients: a 10-year, single-center experience. Transpl Infect Dis, 2013, 15(3): 233-242.
12. 卫栋, 范立, 班乐. 中国肺移植术后并发症诊疗和随访技术规范(2019版). 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2019, 13(2): 99-108.
13. 周燕飞, 邓敏. 连续3年临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布及耐药性. 中国感染控制杂志, 2015, 14(1): 42-44.
14. Nęcki M, Gawęda M, Pandel A, et al. Microbiological status as a factor of airway complications after lung transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2020, 52(7): 2149-2154.
15. 张秀红, 缪丽燕, 陈静瑜, 等. 呼吸重症监护病房肺移植术后患者早期感染病原菌分布与耐药性. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(9): 785-790.
16. Torre-Cisneros J, Doblas A, Aguado JM, et al. Tuberculosis after solid-organ transplant: incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics in the RESITRA (Spanish Network of Infection in Transplantation) cohort. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 48(12): 1657-1665.
17. Longworth SA, Daly JS; the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Management of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in solid organ transplant recipients-Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant, 2019, 33(9): e13588.
18. Chalermskulrat W, Sood N, Neuringer IP, et al. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in end stage cystic fibrosis: implications for lung transplantation. Thorax, 2006, 61: 507-513.
19. Boussaud V, Guillemain R, Grenet D, et al. Clinical outcome following lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis colonised with Burkholderia cepacia complex: results from two French centres. Thorax, 2008, 63(8): 732-737.
20. Tavares M, Kozak M, Balola A, et al. Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: a feared contamination risk in water-based pharmaceutical products. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2020, 33(3): e00139-19.
21. Potena L, Solidoro P, Patrucco F, et al. Treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in heart and lung transplantation: an update. Expert Opini Pharmacother, 2016, 17(12): 1611-1622.
22. Ljungman P, Boeckh M, Hirsch HH, et al. Definitions of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in transplant patients for use in clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis, 2017, 64(1): 87-91.
23. Humar A, Snydman D; the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant, 2009, 9(Suppl 4): S78-S86.
24. Krishnam MS, Suh RD, Tomasian A, et al. Postoperative complications of lung transplantation: radiologic findings along a time continuum. Radiographics, 2007, 27(4): 957-974.
25. Snyder LD, Finlen-Copeland CA, Turbyfill WJ, et al. Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis is a risk for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 181: 1391-1396.
26. Kotton CN, Kumar D, Caliendo AM, et al. International Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation, 2010, 89: 779-795.
27. Courtwright AM, Burkett P, Divo M, et al. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in Epstein-Barr virus donor positive/recipient negative lung transplant recipients. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 105(2): 441-447.
28. Peghin M, Los-Arcos I, Hirsch HH, et al. Communityacquired respiratory viruses are a risk factor for chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Clin Infect Dis, 2019, 69(7): 1192-1197.
29. Solé A, Salavert M. Fungal infections after lung transplantation. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2009, 15(3): 243-253.
30. Vazquez R, Vazquez-Guillamet MC, Suarez J, et al. Invasive mold infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients: Stanford University experience. Transpl Infect Dis, 2015, 17(2): 259-266.
31. Doligalski CT, Benedict K, Cleveland AA, et al. Epidemiology of invasive mold infections in lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant, 2014, 14(6): 1328-1333.
32. Weigt SS, Elashoff RM, Huang C, et al. Aspergillus colonization of the lung allograft is a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Am J Transplant, 2009, 9(8): 1903-1911.
33. Sims KD, Blumberg EA. Common infections in the lung transplant recipient. Clin Chest Med, 2011, 32: 327-341.
34. Baker AW, Maziarz EK, Arnold CJ, et al. Invasive fungal infection after lung transplantation: epidemiology in the setting of antifungal prophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis, 2019, 70(1): 30-39.
35. Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of Aspergillosis: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 46: 327-360.
36. Silveira FP, Husain S. Fungal infections in lung transplant recipients. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2008, 14: 211-218.
37. Ramanan P, Scherger S, Benamu E, et al. Toxoplasmosis in non-cardiac solid organ transplant recipients: a case series and review of literature. Transplant Infect Dis, 2020, 22(1): e13218.
38. Cooper AJR, Dholakia S, Holland CV, et al. Helminths in organ transplantation. Lancet Infect Dis, 2017, 17(6): e166-e176.
39. Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol, 2014, 13(12): 1202-1215.
40. Burguete SR, Maselli DJ, Fernandez JF, et al. Lung transplant infection. Respirology, 2013, 18(1): 22-38.
41. Razonable RR, Humar A. Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients—Guidelines of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant, 2019, 33(9): e13512.
42. Lee DH, Zuckerman RA. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant, 2019, 33(9): e13526.
43. Nosotti M, Tarsia P, Morlacchi LC. Infections after lung transplantation. J Thorac Dis, 2018, 10(6): 3849-3868.
44. 操梅林, 徐燕丽, 张秀群, 等. 泊沙康唑预防侵袭性真菌感染有效性及安全性的荟萃分析. 中国感染与化疗杂志, 2015, 15(14): 309-314.

Previous Article
Anesthesia of lung transplant recipients
Next Article
The application of blood purification in lung transplantation

Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

The present research status on pulmonary infections after lung transplantation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content