慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并不同类型肺曲霉病临床研究进展_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

王佳美 ^1,2 , GU Yu ¹ , SONG Mengyue ¹ ,  SU Xin ²

1. ;
2. ;

Corresponding author：

SU Xin, Email: suxinjs@163.com

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DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202310009

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Citation： GU Yu, SONG Mengyue, SU Xin. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并不同类型肺曲霉病临床研究进展. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2024, 23(1): 53-59. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202310009 Copy

1.	The Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD (updated 2023), the Pocket Guide (updated 2023) and the complete list of references examined by the Committee[EB/OL]. Http: //www. goldcopd. org.
2.	Fukuda Y, Homma T, Suzuki S, et al. High burden of Aspergillus fumigatus infection among chronic respiratory diseases. Chron Respir Dis, 2018, 15(3): 279-285.
3.	慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重诊治专家组. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重诊治中国专家共识(2023年修订版). 国际呼吸杂志, 2023, 43(2): 132-149.
4.	Tiew PY, Thng KX, Chotirmall SH. Clinical Aspergillus signatures in COPD and bronchiectasis. J Fungi (Basel), 2022, 8(5): 480.
5.	Tong XL, Cheng AQ, Xu HT, et al. Aspergillus fumigatus during COPD exacerbation: a pair-matched retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med, 2018, 18(1): 55.
6.	Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Agbetile J, et al. Aspergillus fumigatus during stable state and exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J, 2014, 43(1): 64-71.
7.	He BC, Liu LL, Chen BL, et al. The application of next-generation sequencing in diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: three case reports. Am J Transl Res, 2019, 11(4): 2532-2539.
8.	Uchida Y, Shimamura S, Ide S, et al. A case of non-neutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis under immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for malignant melanoma. Respir Med Case Rep, 2022, 37: 101627.
9.	Liu LL, Gu Y, Wang Y, et al. The clinical characteristics of patients with nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 631461.
10.	He HY, Jiang S, Zhang L, et al. Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Mycoses, 2014, 57(8): 473-482.
11.	Guinea J, Torres-Narbona M, Gijón P, et al. Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2010, 16(7): 870-877.
12.	He HY, Chang S, Ding L, et al. Significance of Aspergillus spp. isolation from lower respiratory tract samples for the diagnosis and prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125(17): 2973-2978.
13.	Gu Y, Ye XP, Liu YX, et al. A risk-predictive model for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res, 2021, 22(1): 176.
14.	Otu A, Kosmidis C, Mathioudakis AG, et al. The clinical spectrum of aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Infection, 2023, 51(4): 813-829.
15.	Tiew PY, Mac Aogáin M, Ter SK, et al. Respiratory mycoses in COPD and bronchiectasis. Mycopathologia, 2021, 186(5): 623-638.
16.	Yii AC, Koh MS, Lapperre TS, et al. The emergence of Aspergillus species in chronic respiratory disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed), 2017, 9(1): 127-138.
17.	Bulpa P, Duplaquet F, Dimopoulos G, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2020, 41(6): 851-861.
18.	Liu LL, Zhong JJ, Chen BL, et al. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) delta promotes the expression of PTX3 and macrophage phagocytosis during A. fumigatus infection. J Leukoc Biol, 2022, 111(6): 1225-1234.
19.	Ohara Y, Ito T, Ito M, et al. Acute fulminant invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent host: an autopsy case report. Med Mycol Case Rep, 2018, 20: 39-42.
20.	Xu H, Li L, Huang WJ, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study from China. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2012, 18(4): 403-408.
21.	Chen F, Zhong YH, Li N, et al. Dynamic monitor of CT scan within short interval in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis for nonneutropenic patients: a retrospective analysis in two centers. BMC Pulm Med, 2021, 21(1): 142.
22.	Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, et al. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2018, 24 Suppl 1: e1-e38.
23.	Zhou W, Li HX, Zhang Y, et al. Diagnostic value of galactomannan antigen test in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. J Clin Microbiol, 2017, 55(7): 2153-2161.
24.	Lu YJ, Liu LL, Li HX, et al. The clinical value of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody test in the diagnosis of nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2023, 29(6): 797. e1-797. e7.
25.	Avni T, Levy I, Sprecher H, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of PCR alone compared to galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review. J Clin Microbiol, 2012, 50(11): 3652-3658.
26.	He Q, Li HX, Rui YW, et al. Pentraxin 3 Gene polymorphisms and pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clin Infect Dis, 2018, 66(2): 261-267.
27.	Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2016, 63(4): e1-e60.
28.	叶先平, 朱美英, 刘璐璐, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发侵袭性肺曲霉病诊治策略. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2019, 18(4): 392-395.
29.	Bulpa P, Dive A, Sibille Y. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J, 2007, 30(4): 782-800.
30.	Ahmed J, Singh G, Mohan A, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis infection in severely ill COPD patients in pulmonary ward and ICU. Indian J Med Microbiol, 2022, 40(2): 223-227.
31.	Kosmidis C, Denning DW. The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Thorax, 2015, 70(3): 270-277.
32.	Lee MK, Kim SB, Lee JH, et al. Association between airflow limitation and prognosis in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. J Thorac Dis, 2021, 13(2): 681-688.
33.	Zhong HH, Wang YR, Gu Y, et al. Clinical features, diagnostic test performance, and prognosis in different subtypes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 811807.
34.	李培, 苏欣, 施毅. 慢性肺曲霉病基础疾病108例回顾性分析. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2018, 17(4): 348-353.
35.	Maitre T, Cottenet J, Godet C, et al. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: prevalence, favouring pulmonary diseases and prognosis. Eur Respir J, 2021, 58(2): 2003345.
36.	Katriina P, Veli-Jukka A, Ulla H. The clinical significance of Aspergillus-positive respiratory samples. Mycoses, 2023, 66(5): 387-395.
37.	Denning DW, Cadranel J, Beigelman-Aubry C, et al. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: rationale and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management. Eur Respir J, 2016, 47(1): 45-68.
38.	任之栋, 张巧, 张玉江, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并慢性肺曲霉菌病的高危因素及临床特征分析. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2021, 14(1): 11-16.
39.	Camara B, Reymond E, Saint-Raymond C, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a retrospective analysis of a tertiary hospital registry. Clin Respir J, 2015, 9(1): 65-73.
40.	Li HX, Rui YW, Zhou W, et al. Role of the Aspergillus-specific IgG and IgM test in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 1438.
41.	Hayes GE, Novak-Frazer L. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis-Where Are We? and Where Are We Going?. J Fungi (Basel), 2016, 2(2): 18.
42.	Denning DW, Park S, Lass-Florl C, et al. High-frequency triazole resistance found in nonculturable Aspergillus fumigatus from lungs of patients with chronic fungal disease. Clin Infect Dis, 2011, 52(9): 1123-1129.
43.	Farid S, Mohamed S, Devbhandari M, et al. Results of surgery for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, optimal antifungal therapy and proposed high risk factors for recurrence--a national centre's experience. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 8: 180.
44.	Lowes D, Al-Shair K, Newton PJ, et al. Predictors of mortality in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Eur Respir J, 2017, 49(2): 1601062.
45.	Al-Saleh AA, Farid E, Makhlooq M, et al. Allergic aspergillosis in asthmatic patients in a tertiary hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. J Lab Physicians, 2019, 11(4): 373-381.
46.	Agarwal R, Hazarika B, Gupta D, et al. Aspergillus hypersensitivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD as a risk factor for ABPA? Med Mycol, 2010, 48(7): 988-994.
47.	Tetikkurt C, Kubat B, Tetikkurt S, et al. An atypical acute exacerbation of COPD due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 2020, 90(1): 1155.
48.	Agarwal R, Srinivas R, Jindal SK. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mycoses, 2008, 51(1): 83-85.
49.	Mir E, Shah A. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prim Care Respir J, 2012, 21(1): 111-114.
50.	马一凡, 马艳良, 陈希, 等. 变应性支气管肺曲霉病诊断指标探讨. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2023, 46(6): 624-631.
51.	Zhang PA, Ma YL, Chen X, et al. The difference in all-cause mortality between allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Asthma Allergy, 2022, 15: 1861-1875.
52.	Curran AK, Hava DL. Allergic diseases caused by Aspergillus species in patients with cystic fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel), 2021, 10(4): 357.
53.	Everaerts S, Lagrou K, Dubbeldam A, et al. Sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus as a risk factor for bronchiectasis in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2017, 12: 2629-2638.
54.	顾彧, 王玉, 沈焜路, 等. 难治性慢性阻塞性肺疾病频繁急性加重二例报道—都是曲霉惹的祸? 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2021, 20(5): 305-309.
55.	Tiew PY, Ko FWS, Pang SL, et al. Environmental fungal sensitisation associates with poorer clinical outcomes in COPD. Eur Respir J, 2020, 56(2): 2000418.
56.	Jin JM, Liu XF, Sun YC. The prevalence of increased serum IgE and Aspergillus sensitization in patients with COPD and their association with symptoms and lung function. Respir Res, 2014, 15(1): 130.
57.	Shahi M, Ayatollahi Mousavi SA, Nabili M, et al. Aspergillus colonization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Med Mycol, 2015, 1(3): 45-51.
58.	Waqas S, Dunne K, Talento AF, et al. Prospective observational study of respiratory Aspergillus colonization or disease in patients with various stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease utilizing culture versus nonculture techniques. Med Mycol, 2021, 59(6): 577-563.
59.	Huerta A, Soler N, Esperatti M, et al. Importance of Aspergillus spp. isolation in acute exacerbations of severe COPD: prevalence, factors and follow-up: the FUNGI-COPD study. Respir Res, 2014, 15(1): 17.
60.	Wu YX, Zuo YH, Cheng QJ, et al. Respiratory Aspergillus colonization was associated with relapse of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of data from a retrospective cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 640289.
61.	Garnacho-Montero J, Amaya-Villar R, Ortiz-Leyba C, et al. Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the respiratory tract in critically ill patients: risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome. Crit Care, 2005, 9(3): R191-R199.

1. The Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD (updated 2023), the Pocket Guide (updated 2023) and the complete list of references examined by the Committee[EB/OL]. Http: //www. goldcopd. org.
2. Fukuda Y, Homma T, Suzuki S, et al. High burden of Aspergillus fumigatus infection among chronic respiratory diseases. Chron Respir Dis, 2018, 15(3): 279-285.
3. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重诊治专家组. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重诊治中国专家共识(2023年修订版). 国际呼吸杂志, 2023, 43(2): 132-149.
4. Tiew PY, Thng KX, Chotirmall SH. Clinical Aspergillus signatures in COPD and bronchiectasis. J Fungi (Basel), 2022, 8(5): 480.
5. Tong XL, Cheng AQ, Xu HT, et al. Aspergillus fumigatus during COPD exacerbation: a pair-matched retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med, 2018, 18(1): 55.
6. Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Agbetile J, et al. Aspergillus fumigatus during stable state and exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J, 2014, 43(1): 64-71.
7. He BC, Liu LL, Chen BL, et al. The application of next-generation sequencing in diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: three case reports. Am J Transl Res, 2019, 11(4): 2532-2539.
8. Uchida Y, Shimamura S, Ide S, et al. A case of non-neutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis under immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for malignant melanoma. Respir Med Case Rep, 2022, 37: 101627.
9. Liu LL, Gu Y, Wang Y, et al. The clinical characteristics of patients with nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 631461.
10. He HY, Jiang S, Zhang L, et al. Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Mycoses, 2014, 57(8): 473-482.
11. Guinea J, Torres-Narbona M, Gijón P, et al. Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2010, 16(7): 870-877.
12. He HY, Chang S, Ding L, et al. Significance of Aspergillus spp. isolation from lower respiratory tract samples for the diagnosis and prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125(17): 2973-2978.
13. Gu Y, Ye XP, Liu YX, et al. A risk-predictive model for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res, 2021, 22(1): 176.
14. Otu A, Kosmidis C, Mathioudakis AG, et al. The clinical spectrum of aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Infection, 2023, 51(4): 813-829.
15. Tiew PY, Mac Aogáin M, Ter SK, et al. Respiratory mycoses in COPD and bronchiectasis. Mycopathologia, 2021, 186(5): 623-638.
16. Yii AC, Koh MS, Lapperre TS, et al. The emergence of Aspergillus species in chronic respiratory disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed), 2017, 9(1): 127-138.
17. Bulpa P, Duplaquet F, Dimopoulos G, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2020, 41(6): 851-861.
18. Liu LL, Zhong JJ, Chen BL, et al. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) delta promotes the expression of PTX3 and macrophage phagocytosis during A. fumigatus infection. J Leukoc Biol, 2022, 111(6): 1225-1234.
19. Ohara Y, Ito T, Ito M, et al. Acute fulminant invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent host: an autopsy case report. Med Mycol Case Rep, 2018, 20: 39-42.
20. Xu H, Li L, Huang WJ, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study from China. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2012, 18(4): 403-408.
21. Chen F, Zhong YH, Li N, et al. Dynamic monitor of CT scan within short interval in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis for nonneutropenic patients: a retrospective analysis in two centers. BMC Pulm Med, 2021, 21(1): 142.
22. Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, et al. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2018, 24 Suppl 1: e1-e38.
23. Zhou W, Li HX, Zhang Y, et al. Diagnostic value of galactomannan antigen test in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. J Clin Microbiol, 2017, 55(7): 2153-2161.
24. Lu YJ, Liu LL, Li HX, et al. The clinical value of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody test in the diagnosis of nonneutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2023, 29(6): 797. e1-797. e7.
25. Avni T, Levy I, Sprecher H, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of PCR alone compared to galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review. J Clin Microbiol, 2012, 50(11): 3652-3658.
26. He Q, Li HX, Rui YW, et al. Pentraxin 3 Gene polymorphisms and pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clin Infect Dis, 2018, 66(2): 261-267.
27. Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2016, 63(4): e1-e60.
28. 叶先平, 朱美英, 刘璐璐, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发侵袭性肺曲霉病诊治策略. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2019, 18(4): 392-395.
29. Bulpa P, Dive A, Sibille Y. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J, 2007, 30(4): 782-800.
30. Ahmed J, Singh G, Mohan A, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis infection in severely ill COPD patients in pulmonary ward and ICU. Indian J Med Microbiol, 2022, 40(2): 223-227.
31. Kosmidis C, Denning DW. The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Thorax, 2015, 70(3): 270-277.
32. Lee MK, Kim SB, Lee JH, et al. Association between airflow limitation and prognosis in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. J Thorac Dis, 2021, 13(2): 681-688.
33. Zhong HH, Wang YR, Gu Y, et al. Clinical features, diagnostic test performance, and prognosis in different subtypes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 811807.
34. 李培, 苏欣, 施毅. 慢性肺曲霉病基础疾病108例回顾性分析. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2018, 17(4): 348-353.
35. Maitre T, Cottenet J, Godet C, et al. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: prevalence, favouring pulmonary diseases and prognosis. Eur Respir J, 2021, 58(2): 2003345.
36. Katriina P, Veli-Jukka A, Ulla H. The clinical significance of Aspergillus-positive respiratory samples. Mycoses, 2023, 66(5): 387-395.
37. Denning DW, Cadranel J, Beigelman-Aubry C, et al. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: rationale and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management. Eur Respir J, 2016, 47(1): 45-68.
38. 任之栋, 张巧, 张玉江, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并慢性肺曲霉菌病的高危因素及临床特征分析. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2021, 14(1): 11-16.
39. Camara B, Reymond E, Saint-Raymond C, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a retrospective analysis of a tertiary hospital registry. Clin Respir J, 2015, 9(1): 65-73.
40. Li HX, Rui YW, Zhou W, et al. Role of the Aspergillus-specific IgG and IgM test in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 1438.
41. Hayes GE, Novak-Frazer L. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis-Where Are We? and Where Are We Going?. J Fungi (Basel), 2016, 2(2): 18.
42. Denning DW, Park S, Lass-Florl C, et al. High-frequency triazole resistance found in nonculturable Aspergillus fumigatus from lungs of patients with chronic fungal disease. Clin Infect Dis, 2011, 52(9): 1123-1129.
43. Farid S, Mohamed S, Devbhandari M, et al. Results of surgery for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, optimal antifungal therapy and proposed high risk factors for recurrence--a national centre's experience. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 8: 180.
44. Lowes D, Al-Shair K, Newton PJ, et al. Predictors of mortality in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Eur Respir J, 2017, 49(2): 1601062.
45. Al-Saleh AA, Farid E, Makhlooq M, et al. Allergic aspergillosis in asthmatic patients in a tertiary hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. J Lab Physicians, 2019, 11(4): 373-381.
46. Agarwal R, Hazarika B, Gupta D, et al. Aspergillus hypersensitivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD as a risk factor for ABPA? Med Mycol, 2010, 48(7): 988-994.
47. Tetikkurt C, Kubat B, Tetikkurt S, et al. An atypical acute exacerbation of COPD due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 2020, 90(1): 1155.
48. Agarwal R, Srinivas R, Jindal SK. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mycoses, 2008, 51(1): 83-85.
49. Mir E, Shah A. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prim Care Respir J, 2012, 21(1): 111-114.
50. 马一凡, 马艳良, 陈希, 等. 变应性支气管肺曲霉病诊断指标探讨. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2023, 46(6): 624-631.
51. Zhang PA, Ma YL, Chen X, et al. The difference in all-cause mortality between allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Asthma Allergy, 2022, 15: 1861-1875.
52. Curran AK, Hava DL. Allergic diseases caused by Aspergillus species in patients with cystic fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel), 2021, 10(4): 357.
53. Everaerts S, Lagrou K, Dubbeldam A, et al. Sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus as a risk factor for bronchiectasis in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2017, 12: 2629-2638.
54. 顾彧, 王玉, 沈焜路, 等. 难治性慢性阻塞性肺疾病频繁急性加重二例报道—都是曲霉惹的祸? 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2021, 20(5): 305-309.
55. Tiew PY, Ko FWS, Pang SL, et al. Environmental fungal sensitisation associates with poorer clinical outcomes in COPD. Eur Respir J, 2020, 56(2): 2000418.
56. Jin JM, Liu XF, Sun YC. The prevalence of increased serum IgE and Aspergillus sensitization in patients with COPD and their association with symptoms and lung function. Respir Res, 2014, 15(1): 130.
57. Shahi M, Ayatollahi Mousavi SA, Nabili M, et al. Aspergillus colonization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Med Mycol, 2015, 1(3): 45-51.
58. Waqas S, Dunne K, Talento AF, et al. Prospective observational study of respiratory Aspergillus colonization or disease in patients with various stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease utilizing culture versus nonculture techniques. Med Mycol, 2021, 59(6): 577-563.
59. Huerta A, Soler N, Esperatti M, et al. Importance of Aspergillus spp. isolation in acute exacerbations of severe COPD: prevalence, factors and follow-up: the FUNGI-COPD study. Respir Res, 2014, 15(1): 17.
60. Wu YX, Zuo YH, Cheng QJ, et al. Respiratory Aspergillus colonization was associated with relapse of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of data from a retrospective cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 640289.
61. Garnacho-Montero J, Amaya-Villar R, Ortiz-Leyba C, et al. Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the respiratory tract in critically ill patients: risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome. Crit Care, 2005, 9(3): R191-R199.

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