VTE抗凝相关大出血风险及相关预测模型研究进展_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

何炎芮 , 林平 , 胡群 , 周海霞 ,  梁宗安 ,  王茂筠

四川大学华西医院呼吸与危重症医学科（四川成都 610041）;

Corresponding author：

梁宗安, Email: liangza@scu.edu.cn; 王茂筠, Email: wmmyun@hotmail.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202311001

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Citation： 何炎芮, 林平, 胡群, 周海霞, 梁宗安, 王茂筠. VTE抗凝相关大出血风险及相关预测模型研究进展. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2024, 23(2): 138-143. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202311001 Copy

1.	Khan F, Tritschler T, Kahn SR, et al. Venous thromboembolism. Lancet,2021, 398(10294): 64-77.
2.	Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Respir J, 2019, 54(3): 1901647.
3.	Schulman S, Beyth RJ, Kearon C, et al. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest,2008, 133(6 Suppl): 257S-298S.
4.	Klok FA, Kooiman J, Huisman MV, et al. Predicting anticoagulant-related bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism: a clinically oriented review. Eur Respir J,2015, 45(1): 201-210.
5.	Landefeld CS, Cook EF, Flatley M,et al. Identification and preliminary validation of predictors of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy. Am J Med, 1987, 82(4): 703-713.
6.	Landefeld CS, Goldman L. Major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin: incidence and prediction by factors known at the start of outpatient therapy. Am J Med,1989, 87(2): 144-152.
7.	Nieuwenhuis HK, Albada J, Banga JD, et al. Identification of risk factors for bleeding during treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with heparin or low molecular weight heparin. Blood,1991, 78(9): 2337-2343.
8.	Chopard R, Piazza G, Falvo N, et al. An Original Risk Score to Predict Early Major Bleeding in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: The Syncope, Anemia, Renal Dysfunction (PE-SARD) Bleeding Score. Chest,2021,160(5): 1832-1843.
9.	Merli G, Spiro TE, Olsson CG, et al. Subcutaneous enoxaparin once or twice daily compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. Ann Intern Med,2001, 134(3): 191-202.
10.	Luomanmäki K, Grankvist S, Hallert C, et al. A multicentre comparison of once-daily subcutaneous dalteparin (low molecular weight heparin) and continuous intravenous heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. J Intern Med,1996, 240(2): 85-92.
11.	Koopman MM, Prandoni P, Piovella F, et al. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. The Tasman Study Group. N Engl J Med,1996, 334(11): 682-687.
12.	Robertson L, Jones LE. Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017, 2(2): CD001100.
13.	Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med,2013, 369(9): 799-808.
14.	van Es N, Coppens M, Schulman S,et al. Direct oral anticoagulants compared with vitamin K antagonists for acute venous thromboembolism: evidence from phase 3 trials. Blood, 2014, 124(12): 1968-1975.
15.	Mai V, Guay CA, Perreault L, et al. Extended Anticoagulation for VTE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Chest, 2019, 155(6): 1199-1216.
16.	中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会肺栓塞与肺血管病工作委员会, 全国肺栓塞与肺血管病防治协作组. 肺血栓栓塞症诊治与预防指南. 中华医学杂志.2018, 98 (14): 1060-1087.
17.	Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest,2016, 149(2): 315-352.
18.	Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS. Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin. Am J Med,1998, 105(2): 91-99.
19.	Kuijer PM, Hutten BA, Prins MH, et al. Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med, 1999, 159(5): 457-460.
20.	Riva N, Bellesini M, Di Minno MN, et al. Poor predictive value of contemporary bleeding risk scores during long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism. A multicentre retrospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost, 2014, 112(3): 511-521.
21.	Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Kovacs MJ, et al. Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med, 2003, 349(7): 631-639.
22.	Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J, 2006, 151(3): 713-719.
23.	Ruiz-Gimenez N, Suarez C, Gonzalez R, et al. Predictive variables for major bleeding events in patients presenting with documented acute venous thromboembolism. Findings from the RIETE Registry. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 100(1): 26-31.
24.	Tchen S, Ryba N, Patel V, et al. Validation of Bleeding Risk Prediction Scores for Patients With Major Bleeding on Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Ann Pharmacother, 2020, 54(12): 1175-1184.
25.	Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest,2012, 141(2 Suppl): e419S-e496S.
26.	Palareti G, Antonucci E, Mastroiacovo D, et al. The American College of Chest Physician score to assess the risk of bleeding during anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost,2018, 16(10): 1994-2002.
27.	Klok FA HV, Clemens A, Yollo WD, Tilke C, Schulman S, et al. Prediction of bleeding events in patients with venous thromboembolism on stable anticoagulation treatment. Eur Respir J, 2016, 48(5): 1369.
28.	Di Nisio M, Ageno W, Rutjes AW, et al. Risk of major bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism treated with rivaroxaban or with heparin and vitamin K antagonists. Thromb Haemost, 2016, 115(2): 424-32.
29.	Di Nisio M, Raskob G, Büller HR, et al. Prediction of major and clinically relevant bleeding in patients with VTE treated with edoxaban or vitamin K antagonists. Thromb Haemost,2017, 117(4): 784-793.
30.	Shireman TI, Mahnken JD, Howard PA, et al. Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients. Chest,2006, 130(5): 1390-1396.
31.	Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest, 2010, 138(5): 1093-100.
32.	Kooiman J, van Hagen N, Iglesias Del Sol A, et al, The HAS-BLED Score Identifies Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism at High Risk of Major Bleeding Complications during the First Six Months of Anticoagulant Treatment. PLoS One. 2015, 10(4): e0122520.
33.	Klok FA, Niemann C, Dellas C, et al. Performance of five different bleeding-prediction scores in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2016, 41(2): 312-320.
34.	Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y,et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011, 58(4): 395-401.
35.	Mathonier C, Meneveau N, Besutti M, et al. Available Bleeding Scoring Systems Poorly Predict Major Bleeding in the Acute Phase of Pulmonary Embolism. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(16).
36.	O'Brien EC, Simon DN, Thomas LE, et al. The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J, 2015, 36(46): 3258-3264.
37.	Piovella C, Dalla Valle F, Trujillo-Santos J, et al. Comparison of four scores to predict major bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism: findings from the RIETE registry. Intern Emerg Med, 2014, 9(8): 847-852.
38.	Scherz N, Mean M, Limacher A, et al. Prospective, multicenter validation of prediction scores for major bleeding in elderly patients with venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(3): 435-443.

1. Khan F, Tritschler T, Kahn SR, et al. Venous thromboembolism. Lancet,2021, 398(10294): 64-77.
2. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Respir J, 2019, 54(3): 1901647.
3. Schulman S, Beyth RJ, Kearon C, et al. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest,2008, 133(6 Suppl): 257S-298S.
4. Klok FA, Kooiman J, Huisman MV, et al. Predicting anticoagulant-related bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism: a clinically oriented review. Eur Respir J,2015, 45(1): 201-210.
5. Landefeld CS, Cook EF, Flatley M,et al. Identification and preliminary validation of predictors of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy. Am J Med, 1987, 82(4): 703-713.
6. Landefeld CS, Goldman L. Major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin: incidence and prediction by factors known at the start of outpatient therapy. Am J Med,1989, 87(2): 144-152.
7. Nieuwenhuis HK, Albada J, Banga JD, et al. Identification of risk factors for bleeding during treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with heparin or low molecular weight heparin. Blood,1991, 78(9): 2337-2343.
8. Chopard R, Piazza G, Falvo N, et al. An Original Risk Score to Predict Early Major Bleeding in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: The Syncope, Anemia, Renal Dysfunction (PE-SARD) Bleeding Score. Chest,2021,160(5): 1832-1843.
9. Merli G, Spiro TE, Olsson CG, et al. Subcutaneous enoxaparin once or twice daily compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. Ann Intern Med,2001, 134(3): 191-202.
10. Luomanmäki K, Grankvist S, Hallert C, et al. A multicentre comparison of once-daily subcutaneous dalteparin (low molecular weight heparin) and continuous intravenous heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. J Intern Med,1996, 240(2): 85-92.
11. Koopman MM, Prandoni P, Piovella F, et al. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. The Tasman Study Group. N Engl J Med,1996, 334(11): 682-687.
12. Robertson L, Jones LE. Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017, 2(2): CD001100.
13. Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med,2013, 369(9): 799-808.
14. van Es N, Coppens M, Schulman S,et al. Direct oral anticoagulants compared with vitamin K antagonists for acute venous thromboembolism: evidence from phase 3 trials. Blood, 2014, 124(12): 1968-1975.
15. Mai V, Guay CA, Perreault L, et al. Extended Anticoagulation for VTE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Chest, 2019, 155(6): 1199-1216.
16. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会肺栓塞与肺血管病工作委员会, 全国肺栓塞与肺血管病防治协作组. 肺血栓栓塞症诊治与预防指南. 中华医学杂志.2018, 98 (14): 1060-1087.
17. Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest,2016, 149(2): 315-352.
18. Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS. Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin. Am J Med,1998, 105(2): 91-99.
19. Kuijer PM, Hutten BA, Prins MH, et al. Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med, 1999, 159(5): 457-460.
20. Riva N, Bellesini M, Di Minno MN, et al. Poor predictive value of contemporary bleeding risk scores during long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism. A multicentre retrospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost, 2014, 112(3): 511-521.
21. Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Kovacs MJ, et al. Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med, 2003, 349(7): 631-639.
22. Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J, 2006, 151(3): 713-719.
23. Ruiz-Gimenez N, Suarez C, Gonzalez R, et al. Predictive variables for major bleeding events in patients presenting with documented acute venous thromboembolism. Findings from the RIETE Registry. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 100(1): 26-31.
24. Tchen S, Ryba N, Patel V, et al. Validation of Bleeding Risk Prediction Scores for Patients With Major Bleeding on Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Ann Pharmacother, 2020, 54(12): 1175-1184.
25. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest,2012, 141(2 Suppl): e419S-e496S.
26. Palareti G, Antonucci E, Mastroiacovo D, et al. The American College of Chest Physician score to assess the risk of bleeding during anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost,2018, 16(10): 1994-2002.
27. Klok FA HV, Clemens A, Yollo WD, Tilke C, Schulman S, et al. Prediction of bleeding events in patients with venous thromboembolism on stable anticoagulation treatment. Eur Respir J, 2016, 48(5): 1369.
28. Di Nisio M, Ageno W, Rutjes AW, et al. Risk of major bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism treated with rivaroxaban or with heparin and vitamin K antagonists. Thromb Haemost, 2016, 115(2): 424-32.
29. Di Nisio M, Raskob G, Büller HR, et al. Prediction of major and clinically relevant bleeding in patients with VTE treated with edoxaban or vitamin K antagonists. Thromb Haemost,2017, 117(4): 784-793.
30. Shireman TI, Mahnken JD, Howard PA, et al. Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients. Chest,2006, 130(5): 1390-1396.
31. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest, 2010, 138(5): 1093-100.
32. Kooiman J, van Hagen N, Iglesias Del Sol A, et al, The HAS-BLED Score Identifies Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism at High Risk of Major Bleeding Complications during the First Six Months of Anticoagulant Treatment. PLoS One. 2015, 10(4): e0122520.
33. Klok FA, Niemann C, Dellas C, et al. Performance of five different bleeding-prediction scores in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2016, 41(2): 312-320.
34. Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y,et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011, 58(4): 395-401.
35. Mathonier C, Meneveau N, Besutti M, et al. Available Bleeding Scoring Systems Poorly Predict Major Bleeding in the Acute Phase of Pulmonary Embolism. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(16).
36. O'Brien EC, Simon DN, Thomas LE, et al. The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J, 2015, 36(46): 3258-3264.
37. Piovella C, Dalla Valle F, Trujillo-Santos J, et al. Comparison of four scores to predict major bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism: findings from the RIETE registry. Intern Emerg Med, 2014, 9(8): 847-852.
38. Scherz N, Mean M, Limacher A, et al. Prospective, multicenter validation of prediction scores for major bleeding in elderly patients with venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(3): 435-443.

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VTE抗凝相关大出血风险及相关预测模型研究进展

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