Regional Economic Levels and Adverse Events Linked to Intrauterine Devices△_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

GAO Zhan , LI Ling ¹ ,  LI Ying ¹ , LI Youping ² , WEN Jin ¹ , WANG Li ¹

1. Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; 2. Jiangsu Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Nanjing 210036, China;

Corresponding author：

LI Ying, Email: yzmylab@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Intrauterine device; Adverse events; Economic level; Correlation analysis

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20110024

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective 　To explore the relationship between macro-economic indicators and incidences of adverse events linked to intrauterine devices (IUDs).
Methods 　Data on IUD-associated adverse events were collected from a cohort study conducted between September 2005 and December 2006. Regional economic data were from the 2006 National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletins and Statistical Yearbooks of various regions. A total of 20,220 IUD users in 236 towns in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong, Anhui, Sichuan, and Chongqing provinces in China were included in this study. Linear correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze the relationships between regional income and total incidences of adverse events, incidences of mild adverse events, and incidences of severe adverse events.
Results 　Incidences of total adverse events and mild adverse events were positively correlated with regional economic level (rs=0.336, P lt;0.05; rs=0.272, P lt;0.05), while incidences of severe adverse events were not correlated with regional economic level.
Conclusions 　The positive relationship between regional economic level and reported IUD-associated mild adverse events likely reflects income-related disparities in women seeking care and receiving treatment for mild adverse events. This points to a need to improve both public health education and the quality of health services, particularly in poorer areas.

Citation： GAO Zhan,LI Ling,LI Ying,LI Youping,WEN Jin,WANG Li. Regional Economic Levels and Adverse Events Linked to Intrauterine Devices△. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2011, 11(2): 138-142. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20110024 Copy

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1. 8 Chen DT, Chou YF, Wu HP, et al . Income and the incidence of oral cavity cancer: cross-national study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , 2009, 38(2): 208-211.
2. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World contraceptive use 2007. [Cited 04 Nov 2009]. Available from URL: http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2007/contraceptive2007.htm.
3. 李瑛. 宫内节育器不良反应事件的监测与预防. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2009, 9: 574-575.
4. 文进. 三种宫内节育器避孕效果的随机对照试验及决策分析. 四川大学研究生处2008年博士学位论文.
5. 李瑛, 王兰明, 张世琨. 避孕药具不良事件监测与防治. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2007.
6. 王燕, 康晓平. 卫生统计学教程. 北京: 北京大学医学出版社, 2006.
7. 方积乾. 卫生统计学. 第5版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2005: 174.
8. 王丽, 江启成. 欧盟六国居民收入与过早死亡率关系研究.《国外医学》卫生经济分册, 2007, 24(93): 15-18.
9. Devesa SS, Diamond EL. Association of breast cancer and cervical cancer incidence with income and education among whites and blacks. J Natl Cancer Inst , 1980, 65(3): 515-528.
10. Mackillop WJ, Zhang-Salomons J, Boyd CJ. Associations between community income and cancer incidence in Canada and the United States. Cancer , 2000, 89(4): 901–912.
11. Kraus JF, Fife D, Ramstein K, et al . The relationship of family income to the incidence, external causes, and outcomes of serious brain injury, San Diego County, Californiam. Am J Public Health , 1986, 76(11): 1345-1347.
12. Salomaa V, Niemela M, Miettinen H, et al . Relationship of socioeconomic status to the Incidence and Prehospital, 28-Day, and 1-year mortality rates of acute coronary events in the FINMONICA myocardial infarction register study. Circulation , 2000, 101: 1913-1918.
13. Yost K, Perkins C, Cohen R, et al . Socioeconomic status and breast cancer incidence in California for different race/ethnic groups. Cancer Causes and Control , 2001, 12: 703-711.
14. Baque CR, Horm JW, Gibbs T, et al . Socioeconomic factors and cancer incidence among blacks and whites. J Natl Cancer Inst , 1991, 83(8): 551-557.
15. Devesa SS, Diamond EL. Socioeconomic and racial differences in lung cancer Incidence. Am J Epidemiol , 1983, 118: 818-831.
16. Maty SC, Everson-Rose SA, Haan MA, et al . Education, income, occupation, and the 34-yearincidence (1965–99) of Type2 diabetes in the Alameda County Study. International Journal of Epidemiology , 2005, 34: 1274-1281.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Regional Economic Levels and Adverse Events Linked to Intrauterine Devices△

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