Comparative Analysis on the Characteristics of Casualties Medical Evacuation in Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquakes_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

LIU Xu ,  ZHANG Lulu , LIU Yuan , KANG Peng , SHEN Yan

Institute of Military Health Administration, Faculty of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;

Corresponding author：

ZHANG Lulu, Email: zllrmit@yahoo.com.cn

Keywords：

Earthquake; Casualty evacuation; Medical evacuation; Wenchuan earthquake; Yushu earthquake

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20120081

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective 　To systematically analyze and compare the casualties’ medical evacuation (ME) in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes, so as to provide useful references for earthquake casualties’ ME in the future.
Methods 　The data about casualties’ ME in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes were collected from the field research, work statement of the Ministry of Health, official websites, and literatures. And the descriptive analysis was then performed.
Results 　From Wenchuan to Yushu, the principle of ME tended to be “early evacuation, all evacuation”; the evacuation level was gradually simplified, the casualties were evacuated directly from the disaster area to the rear hospital through highway and railway, or air evacuation became the major method of ME; triage became less prominent, while specialist treatment was strived as early as possible.
Conclusion 　The early establishment of appropriate evacuation principles, building of a simplified evacuation system, ensuring adequate medical transport capacity, and scientific assessment of treatment capacity at all levels are the main issues of effective and safe ME after earthquakes that require to be solved urgently.

Citation： LIU Xu,ZHANG Lulu,LIU Yuan,KANG Peng,SHEN Yan. Comparative Analysis on the Characteristics of Casualties Medical Evacuation in Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquakes. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2012, 12(5): 512-515. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20120081 Copy

1.	刘旭, 张鹭鹭, 刘源, 等. 汶川抗震救灾医疗后送调查分析及思考解放军医院管理杂志, 2009, 16(3): 249-251.
2.	Najafi I, van Biesen W, Sharifi A, et al. Early detection of patients at high risk for acute injury during disasters: developing of a scoring system based on the Bam earthquake experience. J Nephrol, 2008, 21: 776-782.
3.	Kopp JB, Ball LK, Cohen A, et al. Kidney patient care in disasters: Lessons from thehurricanes and earthquake of 2005. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2007, 2: 814-824.
4.	Sternberg E, Lee GC, Huard D. Counting crises: US hospital evacuations, 1971-1999. Prehosp Disast Med, 2004, 19: 150-157.
5.	Paul SA. Civil–Military Collaboration in the Initial Medical Response to the Earthquake in Haiti. New Engl J Med, 2010, 362: e32.
6.	Tanaka H, Iwai A, Oda J, et al. Overview of evacuation and transport of patients following the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. J Emerg Med, 1998, 16: 439-444.
7.	Mallick M, Aurakzai JK, Bile KM, et al. Large-scale physical disabilities and their management in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2010, 16: S98.
8.	Joseph LN, Virginia AM. Lessons from Hurricane Katrina, tsunamis, and other disasters. The Lancet, 2005, 366: 1144-1146.
9.	卢世壁. 汶川地震伤员救治分级处理的重要性. 解放军医学杂志, 2008, 33(8): 919-920.
10.	Gautschi OP, Cadoseh D, Rajan G, et al. Earthquakes and trauma: review of triage and injury —specific, immediate care. Prehosp Disaster Med, 2008, 23(2): 195-201.
11.	Thiel CC, Schneider JE, Hiatt D, et al. 911 EMS process in the Loma Prieta earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med, 1992, 7: 348-358.
12.	李红樱, 代小舟, 刘蔚, 陈理. 5·12汶川大地震2196例住院伤员综合分析. 实用医院临床杂志, 2008, 5(6): 26-28.
13.	田伟, 马娟. 汶川地震住院伤员伤情及住院费用影响因素分析. 中华医院管理杂志, 2010(3): 198-201.
14.	Hiroshi T. Overview of evacuation and transport of patients following the 1995 Hanshin-awaji earthquake. J Emerg Med, 1997, 16: 439-444.
15.	Mohebbi HA, Mehrvarz S, Saghafinia M, et al. Earthquake related injuries: assessment of 854 victims of the 2003 Bam disaster transported to tertiary referral hospitals. Prehosp Disast Med, 2008, 23: 510-515.
16.	刘琼, 马学华. 批量空运伤员的实践和思考. 解放军医院管理杂志, 2007, 14(1): 25.
17.	Teichman PG, Donchin Y, Kot RJ. International Aeromedical Evacuation. New Engl J Med, 2007, 356(3): 11.

1. 刘旭, 张鹭鹭, 刘源, 等. 汶川抗震救灾医疗后送调查分析及思考解放军医院管理杂志, 2009, 16(3): 249-251.
2. Najafi I, van Biesen W, Sharifi A, et al. Early detection of patients at high risk for acute injury during disasters: developing of a scoring system based on the Bam earthquake experience. J Nephrol, 2008, 21: 776-782.
3. Kopp JB, Ball LK, Cohen A, et al. Kidney patient care in disasters: Lessons from thehurricanes and earthquake of 2005. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2007, 2: 814-824.
4. Sternberg E, Lee GC, Huard D. Counting crises: US hospital evacuations, 1971-1999. Prehosp Disast Med, 2004, 19: 150-157.
5. Paul SA. Civil–Military Collaboration in the Initial Medical Response to the Earthquake in Haiti. New Engl J Med, 2010, 362: e32.
6. Tanaka H, Iwai A, Oda J, et al. Overview of evacuation and transport of patients following the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. J Emerg Med, 1998, 16: 439-444.
7. Mallick M, Aurakzai JK, Bile KM, et al. Large-scale physical disabilities and their management in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2010, 16: S98.
8. Joseph LN, Virginia AM. Lessons from Hurricane Katrina, tsunamis, and other disasters. The Lancet, 2005, 366: 1144-1146.
9. 卢世壁. 汶川地震伤员救治分级处理的重要性. 解放军医学杂志, 2008, 33(8): 919-920.
10. Gautschi OP, Cadoseh D, Rajan G, et al. Earthquakes and trauma: review of triage and injury —specific, immediate care. Prehosp Disaster Med, 2008, 23(2): 195-201.
11. Thiel CC, Schneider JE, Hiatt D, et al. 911 EMS process in the Loma Prieta earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med, 1992, 7: 348-358.
12. 李红樱, 代小舟, 刘蔚, 陈理. 5·12汶川大地震2196例住院伤员综合分析. 实用医院临床杂志, 2008, 5(6): 26-28.
13. 田伟, 马娟. 汶川地震住院伤员伤情及住院费用影响因素分析. 中华医院管理杂志, 2010(3): 198-201.
14. Hiroshi T. Overview of evacuation and transport of patients following the 1995 Hanshin-awaji earthquake. J Emerg Med, 1997, 16: 439-444.
15. Mohebbi HA, Mehrvarz S, Saghafinia M, et al. Earthquake related injuries: assessment of 854 victims of the 2003 Bam disaster transported to tertiary referral hospitals. Prehosp Disast Med, 2008, 23: 510-515.
16. 刘琼, 马学华. 批量空运伤员的实践和思考. 解放军医院管理杂志, 2007, 14(1): 25.
17. Teichman PG, Donchin Y, Kot RJ. International Aeromedical Evacuation. New Engl J Med, 2007, 356(3): 11.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Comparative Analysis on the Characteristics of Casualties Medical Evacuation in Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquakes

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