Objective 　To evaluate and select essential medicine for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) using evidence-based methods based on the burden of disease.
Methods 　By means of the approaches, criteria, and workflow set up in the second article of this series, we referred to the recommendations of evidence-based or authority guidelines from inside and outside China, collected relevant evidence from domestic clinical studies, and recommended essential medicine based on evidence-based evaluation. Data were analyzed by Review Manager (RevMan) 5.1 and GRADE profiler 3.6 to evaluate quality of evidence.
Results 　(1) Nine guidelines were included (eight foreign guidelines, one domestic guideline; seven based on evidence, two based on expert consensus). (2) A result of one domestic RCT (n=72, high quality) indicated that tiotropium could significantly improve pulmonary function of severe COPD patient complicated with respiratory failure and increase their quality of life (SGRQ score: MD=–10.8%, 95%CI –12.2% to –9.4%). A result of one RCT (n=156, moderate quality) with 3-month follow-up indicated that tiotropium could significantly improve the proportion of measured value to expected value of FEV1 in patients with mild and moderate COPD in stationary phase (MD=10.3%, 95%CI 8.1% to 12.5%). A result of two RCTs (n=160, low quality) indicated that compound ipratropium bromide had efficiencies of 84.2% to 87.5% for moderate and severe COPD. A result of one RCT (n=60, moderate quality) indicated that salmeterol/fluticasone (inhalation) was superior to placebo for improving mild and moderate COPD in stationary phase. A result of one RCT (n=725, moderate quality) indicated that tiotropium combined with salmeterol/fluticasone for COPD in stationary phase was superior to tiotropium alone. A result of one RCT (n=110, low quality) indicated that nebulized budesonide inhalation had an efficiency of 86.8% for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and an incidence of 7.9% as to adverse reaction that mainly included laryngo-pharyngeal irritation. (3) Imipenem, meropenem, cefoperazone/ sulbactam and ceftazidime were effective for COPD with low drug resistance rates in treating COPD caused by non-ICU pathogens (less than 8%).
Conclusion 　(1) We offer a b recommendation for tiotropium, ipratropium, salbutamol, formoterol, salmeterol and theophylline used in the treatment of COPD in stationary and exacerbation phases, a b recommendation for streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza vaccines in preventing the deterioration of COPD, a b recommendation for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) used in the treatment of COPD in stationary phase and a b recommendation for corticosteroids (for oral use) for AECOPD. (2) We offer a b recommendation for cefoperazone/sulbactam, imipenem and meropenem used in the treatment of moderate and severe AECOPD. (3) We offer a weak recommendation for ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, lavofloxacin, moxifloxacin, amoxicillin  amp; clavulanate potassium, amoxicillin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and doxycycline as first-line and second-line antibiotics for mild and moderate AECOPD, and a weak recommendation for compound sulfamethoxazole, cefatriaxone, cefotaxime and cefuroxime used in the treatment of severe and extremely severe COPD, mucolytic agents used in the treatment of stable COPD with difficult expectoration. (4) We make a recommendation against antibiotics, expectorants and corticosteroids (for oral use) as routine use in stationary phase of COPD.

Citation： WANG Yingqiang,YANG Zongxia,LI Youping,LI Honghao,LI Cuicui,SHEN Jiantong,LI Xiao,YANG Xiaoyan,WANG Li,LI Xianglian. Evidence-Based Evaluation and Selection of Essential Medicine for Township Health Centre in China: 7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2012, 12(8): 907-922. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20120146 Copy