Methodological and Reporting Quality of Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses of Interventions in Gliomas_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 WANGZhen-wei ¹ ,  LIQiao ² , MADi-wa ³ , NIUXiao-dong ³ , WANGWen-tao ³ , TIANHong-liang ³ ,  PANYa-wen ²

1. First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. Second Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;

Corresponding author：

PANYa-wen, Email: panyawen666@sohu.com

Keywords：

Gliomas; Systematic review; Meta-analysis; Quality assessment

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20140243

Video：

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Objective To systematically review methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses of interventions in the global research field on gliomas. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and CBM were searched from inception to July 2013, for systematic reviews/meta-analyses of interventions in the research field on gliomas. Two reviewers independently screened literature. Then PRISMA and AMSTAR checklists were used to assess and analysis methodological and reporting quality of included studies. Results A total of 51 systematic reviews or meta-analyses were identified. The results showed that the weakness of methodological quality mainly contained lack of study design, incomprehensive of literature search, limited form of included publications, lack of assessing publication bias, lack of reporting of conflict of interest. The weakness of reporting quality included incomplete reporting of literature search, quality assessment, risk of bias and results (some studies lacked forest plots, estimated value of pooled results, 95%CI, and heterogeneity). Conclusion There are problems at different levels regarding current methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses of interventions in the global research field on gliomas. The relevant researchers should improve the scientificity and standardization of systematic reviews/meta-analyses and report them according to the PRISMA statement.

Citation： WANGZhen-wei, LIQiao, MADi-wa, NIUXiao-dong, WANGWen-tao, TIANHong-liang, PANYa-wen. Methodological and Reporting Quality of Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses of Interventions in Gliomas. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2014, 14(12): 1520-1526. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20140243 Copy

1.	Porter KR, McCarthy BJ, Freels S, et al. Prevalence estimates for primary brain tumors in the United States by age, gender, behavior, and histology. Neuro-oncology, 2010, 12(6):520-527.
2.	Dolecek TA, Propp JM, Stroup NE, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report:primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2005-2009. Neuro-oncology, 2013, 15(5):646-647.
3.	Wen PY, Kesari S. Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359(5):492-507.
4.	Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, et al. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomized phase Ⅲ study:5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol, 2009, 10(5):459-466.
5.	Chamberlain MC. Emerging clinical principles on the use of bevacizumab for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Cancer, 2010, 116(17):3988-3999.
6.	Shea BJ, Hamel C, Wells GA, et al. AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol, 2009, 62(10):1013-1020.
7.	Shea SJ, Bouter LM, Peterson J, et al. External validation of a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR). PLoS ONE, 2007, 2(12):e1350.
8.	Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses:The PRISMA statement International. J Surg, 2010, 8(5):336-341.
9.	《中国循证医学杂志》稿约.中国循证医学杂志, 2011, 11(1):110-112.
10.	Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR:a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7:10.
11.	孙家忠, 孙妍蕾, 杨梅, 等.替莫唑胺胶囊治疗脑胶质瘤的有效性和安全性系统评价.中国医院用药评价与分析, 2012, 12(7):578-581.
12.	Zhang G, Huang S, Wang Z. A meta-analysis of bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci, 2012, 19(12):1636-1640.
13.	Koukourakis GV. Has bevacizumab (Avastin) given extra therapeutic gain in metastatic colorectal cancer and malignant brain gliomas? Systematic review answering this question. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov, 2012, 6(1):70-77.
14.	Ford E, Catt S, Chalmers A, et al. Systematic review of supportive care needs in patients with primary malignant brain tumors. Neuro Oncol, 2012, 14(4):392-404.
15.	de Witt HPC, Robles SG, Zwinderman AH, et al. Impact of intraoperative stimulation brain mapping on glioma surgery outcome:A meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol, 2012, 30(20):2559-2565.
16.	Chen C, Xu T, Lu Y, et al. The efficacy of temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Neurol, 2013, 20(2):223-230.
17.	Binello E, Green S, Germano IM. Radiosurgery for high-grade glioma. Surg Neurol Int, 2012, 3(Suppl 2):S118-126.
18.	Wong JM, Panchmatia JR, Ziewacz JE, et al. Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events:intracranial neoplasm surgery. Neurosurg Focus, 2012, 33(5):E16.
19.	Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, et al. Chemotherapy wafers for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, (3):CD007294.
20.	Pannullo SC, Fraser JF, Moliterno J, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery:A meta-analysis of current therapeutic applications in neuro-oncologic disease. J Neurooncol, 2011, 103(1):1-17.
21.	Madsen K, Poulsen HS. Needs for everyday life support for brain tumour patients' relatives:systematic literature review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2011, 20(1):33-43.
22.	Kerrigan S, Grant R. Antiepileptic drugs for treating seizures in adults with brain tumours. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, (8):CD008586.
23.	Lashkari HP, Saso S, Moreno L, et al. Using different schedules of Temozolomide to treat low grade gliomas:Systematic review of their efficacy and toxicity. J Neurooncol, 2011, 105(2):135-147.
24.	Kubben PL, ter Meulen KJ, Schijns OE, et al. Intraoperative MRI-guided resection of glioblastoma multiforme:a systematic review. Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(11):1062-1070.
25.	Dixit S, Hingorani M, Achawal S, et al. The sequential use of carmustine wafers and post-operative radiotherapy with concomitanttemozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide:a clinical review. Br J Neurosurg, 2011, 25(4):459-469.
26.	Wong ET, Gautam S, Malchow C, et al. Bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme:A meta-analysis. JNCCN, 2011, 9(4):403-407.
27.	Aydin B, Patil M, Bekele N, et al. Vincristine in high-grade glioma. Anticancer Research, 2010, 30(6):2303-2310.
28.	Xu T, Chen J, Lu Y, et al. Effects of bevacizumab plus irinotecan on response and survival in patients with recurrent malignant glioma:a systematic review and survival-gain analysis. BMC Cancer, 2010, 10:252.
29.	de Witt Hamer PC. Small molecule kinase inhibitors in glioblastoma:a systematic review of clinical studies. Neuro Oncol, 2010, 12(3):304-316.
30.	梁惠, 董士丽.国内恶性脑胶质瘤术后放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗疗效与安全性的Meta分析.现代肿瘤医学, 2010, 18(12):2345-2348.
31.	Amelio D, Lorentini S, Schwarz M, et al. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma:A systematic review on clinical and technical issues. Radiother Oncol, 2010, 97(3):361-369.
32.	Maucort-Boulch D, Baron MH, Pommier P, et al. Rationale for carbon ion therapy in high-grade glioma based on a review and a meta-analysis of neutron beam trials. Cancer Radiother, 2010, 14(1):34-41.
33.	Moreno L, Bautista F, Ashley S, et al. Does chemotherapy affect the visual outcome in children with optic pathway glioma? A systematic review of the evidence. Eur J Cancer, 2010, 46(12):2253-2259.
34.	Tsitlakidis A, Foroglou N, Venetis CA, et al. Biopsy versus resection in the management of malignant gliomas:a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg, 2010, 112(5):1020-1032.
35.	毕唯静, 王铭, 李平.高级别胶质瘤动脉灌注化疗的系统评价.实用肿瘤杂志, 2010, 25(3):277-283.
36.	Tapia-Perez JH, Sanchez-Aguilar M, Schneider T. The role of statins in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Rev, 2010, 33(3):259-270.
37.	Rooney AG, Carson A, Grant R. Depression in cerebral glioma patients:a systematic review of observational studies. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2011, 103(1):61-76.
38.	王小虎, 郭丽云, 马彬, 等.放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗多形性成胶质细胞瘤的meta分析.肿瘤, 2010, 30(12):1056-1064.
39.	李橙橙, 杨永健, 田金徽, 等.术后辅助化疗治疗成人脑恶性胶质瘤系统评价.药物流行病学杂志, 2009, 18(4):236-241.
40.	Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, et al. Temozolomide for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, (4):CD007415.
41.	Quon H, Abdulkarim B. Adjuvant treatment of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, (2):CD007104.
42.	Buie LW, Valgus J. Bevacizumab:a treatment option for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Ann Pharmacother, 2008, 42(10):1486-1490.
43.	Sanai N, Berger MS. Glioma extent of resection and its impact on patient outcome. Neurosurgery, 2008, 62(4):753-764.
44.	Sabel M, Giese A. Safety profile of carmustine wafers in malignant glioma:a review of controlled trials and a decade of clinical experience. Curr Med Res Opin, 2008, 24(11):3239-3257.
45.	Keith BD. Systematic review of the clinical effect of glucocorticoids on nonhematologic malignancy. BMC Cancer, 2008, 8:84.
46.	Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, et al. Chemotherapeutic wafers for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, (3):CD007294.
47.	Garside R, Pitt M, Anderson R, et al. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of carmustine implants and temozolomide for the treatment of newly diagnosed high-grade glioma:A systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess, 2007, 11(45):1-221.
48.	Perry J, Chambers A, Spithoff K, et al. Gliadel wafers in the treatment of malignant glioma:a systematic review. Curr Oncol, 2007, 14(5):189-194.
49.	Perry J, Laperriere N, Zuraw L, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for adults with malignant glioma:A systematic review. Can J Neurol Sci, 2007, 34(4):402-410.
50.	Spiegel BMR, Esrailian E, Laine L, et al. Clinical impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme a meta-analysis. CNS Drugs, 2007, 21(9):775-787.
51.	Tsao MN, Mehta MP, Whelan TJ, et al. The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based review of the role of radiosurgery for malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2005, 63(1):47-55.
52.	Berg G, Blomquist E, Cavallin-Stahl E. A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in brain tumours. Acta Oncologica, 2003, 42(5-6):582-588.
53.	Davies E, Higginson IJ. Communication, information and support for adults with malignant cerebral glioma:a systematic literature review. Support Care Cancer, 2003, 11(1):21-29.
54.	Dinnes J, Cave C, Huang S, et al. A rapid and systematic review of the effectiveness of temozolomide for the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma. Br J Cancer, 2002, 86(4):501-505.
55.	Stewart LA. Chemotherapy in adult high-grade glioma:A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311):1011-1018.
56.	Laperriere N, Zuraw L, Cairncross G. Radiotherapy for newly diagnosed malignant glioma in adults:A systematic review. Radiother Oncol, 2002, 64(3):259-273.
57.	Glioma Meta-Analysis Trialists (GMT) Group. Chemotherapy for high-grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2002, (4):CD003913.
58.	Metcalfe SE, Grant R. Biopsy versus resection for malignant glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001, (3):CD002034.
59.	Dinnes J, Cave C, Huang S, et al. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of temozolomide for the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma:a rapid and systematic review. Health Technol Assess, 2001, 5(13):1-73.
60.	Huncharek M, Wheeler L, McGarry R, et al. Chemotherapy response rates in recurrent/progressive pediatric glioma; Results of a systematic review. Anticancer Res, 1999, 19(4C):3569-3574.
61.	Fine HA, Dear KBG, Loeffler JS, et al. Meta-analysis of radiation therapy with and without adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant gliomas in adults. Cancer, 1993, 71(8):2585-2597.
62.	屈会起, 张金钟, 邱明才.循证医学的系统评价方法.中华医院管理杂志, 2000, 16(6):335-336.
63.	Jakola AS, Unsgård G, Myrmel KS, et al. Surgical strategy in grade Ⅱ astrocytoma:a population-based analysis of survival and morbidity with a strategy of early resection as compared to watchful waiting. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2013, 155(12):2227-2235.
64.	卫茂玲. Cochrane系统评价在中国的现状与问题.中国循证医学杂志, 2006, 6(2):150-151.
65.	张俊华, 商洪才, 张伯礼.系统评价/Meta分析质量的评价方法.中西医结合学报, 2008, 6(4):337-340.
66.	Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration. Available at: http://www.cochrane-handbook.org.

1. Porter KR, McCarthy BJ, Freels S, et al. Prevalence estimates for primary brain tumors in the United States by age, gender, behavior, and histology. Neuro-oncology, 2010, 12(6):520-527.
2. Dolecek TA, Propp JM, Stroup NE, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report:primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2005-2009. Neuro-oncology, 2013, 15(5):646-647.
3. Wen PY, Kesari S. Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359(5):492-507.
4. Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, et al. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomized phase Ⅲ study:5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol, 2009, 10(5):459-466.
5. Chamberlain MC. Emerging clinical principles on the use of bevacizumab for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Cancer, 2010, 116(17):3988-3999.
6. Shea BJ, Hamel C, Wells GA, et al. AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol, 2009, 62(10):1013-1020.
7. Shea SJ, Bouter LM, Peterson J, et al. External validation of a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR). PLoS ONE, 2007, 2(12):e1350.
8. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses:The PRISMA statement International. J Surg, 2010, 8(5):336-341.
9. 《中国循证医学杂志》稿约.中国循证医学杂志, 2011, 11(1):110-112.
10. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR:a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7:10.
11. 孙家忠, 孙妍蕾, 杨梅, 等.替莫唑胺胶囊治疗脑胶质瘤的有效性和安全性系统评价.中国医院用药评价与分析, 2012, 12(7):578-581.
12. Zhang G, Huang S, Wang Z. A meta-analysis of bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci, 2012, 19(12):1636-1640.
13. Koukourakis GV. Has bevacizumab (Avastin) given extra therapeutic gain in metastatic colorectal cancer and malignant brain gliomas? Systematic review answering this question. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov, 2012, 6(1):70-77.
14. Ford E, Catt S, Chalmers A, et al. Systematic review of supportive care needs in patients with primary malignant brain tumors. Neuro Oncol, 2012, 14(4):392-404.
15. de Witt HPC, Robles SG, Zwinderman AH, et al. Impact of intraoperative stimulation brain mapping on glioma surgery outcome:A meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol, 2012, 30(20):2559-2565.
16. Chen C, Xu T, Lu Y, et al. The efficacy of temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Neurol, 2013, 20(2):223-230.
17. Binello E, Green S, Germano IM. Radiosurgery for high-grade glioma. Surg Neurol Int, 2012, 3(Suppl 2):S118-126.
18. Wong JM, Panchmatia JR, Ziewacz JE, et al. Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events:intracranial neoplasm surgery. Neurosurg Focus, 2012, 33(5):E16.
19. Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, et al. Chemotherapy wafers for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, (3):CD007294.
20. Pannullo SC, Fraser JF, Moliterno J, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery:A meta-analysis of current therapeutic applications in neuro-oncologic disease. J Neurooncol, 2011, 103(1):1-17.
21. Madsen K, Poulsen HS. Needs for everyday life support for brain tumour patients' relatives:systematic literature review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2011, 20(1):33-43.
22. Kerrigan S, Grant R. Antiepileptic drugs for treating seizures in adults with brain tumours. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, (8):CD008586.
23. Lashkari HP, Saso S, Moreno L, et al. Using different schedules of Temozolomide to treat low grade gliomas:Systematic review of their efficacy and toxicity. J Neurooncol, 2011, 105(2):135-147.
24. Kubben PL, ter Meulen KJ, Schijns OE, et al. Intraoperative MRI-guided resection of glioblastoma multiforme:a systematic review. Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(11):1062-1070.
25. Dixit S, Hingorani M, Achawal S, et al. The sequential use of carmustine wafers and post-operative radiotherapy with concomitanttemozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide:a clinical review. Br J Neurosurg, 2011, 25(4):459-469.
26. Wong ET, Gautam S, Malchow C, et al. Bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme:A meta-analysis. JNCCN, 2011, 9(4):403-407.
27. Aydin B, Patil M, Bekele N, et al. Vincristine in high-grade glioma. Anticancer Research, 2010, 30(6):2303-2310.
28. Xu T, Chen J, Lu Y, et al. Effects of bevacizumab plus irinotecan on response and survival in patients with recurrent malignant glioma:a systematic review and survival-gain analysis. BMC Cancer, 2010, 10:252.
29. de Witt Hamer PC. Small molecule kinase inhibitors in glioblastoma:a systematic review of clinical studies. Neuro Oncol, 2010, 12(3):304-316.
30. 梁惠, 董士丽.国内恶性脑胶质瘤术后放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗疗效与安全性的Meta分析.现代肿瘤医学, 2010, 18(12):2345-2348.
31. Amelio D, Lorentini S, Schwarz M, et al. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma:A systematic review on clinical and technical issues. Radiother Oncol, 2010, 97(3):361-369.
32. Maucort-Boulch D, Baron MH, Pommier P, et al. Rationale for carbon ion therapy in high-grade glioma based on a review and a meta-analysis of neutron beam trials. Cancer Radiother, 2010, 14(1):34-41.
33. Moreno L, Bautista F, Ashley S, et al. Does chemotherapy affect the visual outcome in children with optic pathway glioma? A systematic review of the evidence. Eur J Cancer, 2010, 46(12):2253-2259.
34. Tsitlakidis A, Foroglou N, Venetis CA, et al. Biopsy versus resection in the management of malignant gliomas:a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg, 2010, 112(5):1020-1032.
35. 毕唯静, 王铭, 李平.高级别胶质瘤动脉灌注化疗的系统评价.实用肿瘤杂志, 2010, 25(3):277-283.
36. Tapia-Perez JH, Sanchez-Aguilar M, Schneider T. The role of statins in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Rev, 2010, 33(3):259-270.
37. Rooney AG, Carson A, Grant R. Depression in cerebral glioma patients:a systematic review of observational studies. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2011, 103(1):61-76.
38. 王小虎, 郭丽云, 马彬, 等.放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗多形性成胶质细胞瘤的meta分析.肿瘤, 2010, 30(12):1056-1064.
39. 李橙橙, 杨永健, 田金徽, 等.术后辅助化疗治疗成人脑恶性胶质瘤系统评价.药物流行病学杂志, 2009, 18(4):236-241.
40. Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, et al. Temozolomide for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, (4):CD007415.
41. Quon H, Abdulkarim B. Adjuvant treatment of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, (2):CD007104.
42. Buie LW, Valgus J. Bevacizumab:a treatment option for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Ann Pharmacother, 2008, 42(10):1486-1490.
43. Sanai N, Berger MS. Glioma extent of resection and its impact on patient outcome. Neurosurgery, 2008, 62(4):753-764.
44. Sabel M, Giese A. Safety profile of carmustine wafers in malignant glioma:a review of controlled trials and a decade of clinical experience. Curr Med Res Opin, 2008, 24(11):3239-3257.
45. Keith BD. Systematic review of the clinical effect of glucocorticoids on nonhematologic malignancy. BMC Cancer, 2008, 8:84.
46. Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, et al. Chemotherapeutic wafers for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, (3):CD007294.
47. Garside R, Pitt M, Anderson R, et al. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of carmustine implants and temozolomide for the treatment of newly diagnosed high-grade glioma:A systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess, 2007, 11(45):1-221.
48. Perry J, Chambers A, Spithoff K, et al. Gliadel wafers in the treatment of malignant glioma:a systematic review. Curr Oncol, 2007, 14(5):189-194.
49. Perry J, Laperriere N, Zuraw L, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for adults with malignant glioma:A systematic review. Can J Neurol Sci, 2007, 34(4):402-410.
50. Spiegel BMR, Esrailian E, Laine L, et al. Clinical impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme a meta-analysis. CNS Drugs, 2007, 21(9):775-787.
51. Tsao MN, Mehta MP, Whelan TJ, et al. The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based review of the role of radiosurgery for malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2005, 63(1):47-55.
52. Berg G, Blomquist E, Cavallin-Stahl E. A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in brain tumours. Acta Oncologica, 2003, 42(5-6):582-588.
53. Davies E, Higginson IJ. Communication, information and support for adults with malignant cerebral glioma:a systematic literature review. Support Care Cancer, 2003, 11(1):21-29.
54. Dinnes J, Cave C, Huang S, et al. A rapid and systematic review of the effectiveness of temozolomide for the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma. Br J Cancer, 2002, 86(4):501-505.
55. Stewart LA. Chemotherapy in adult high-grade glioma:A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311):1011-1018.
56. Laperriere N, Zuraw L, Cairncross G. Radiotherapy for newly diagnosed malignant glioma in adults:A systematic review. Radiother Oncol, 2002, 64(3):259-273.
57. Glioma Meta-Analysis Trialists (GMT) Group. Chemotherapy for high-grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2002, (4):CD003913.
58. Metcalfe SE, Grant R. Biopsy versus resection for malignant glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001, (3):CD002034.
59. Dinnes J, Cave C, Huang S, et al. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of temozolomide for the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma:a rapid and systematic review. Health Technol Assess, 2001, 5(13):1-73.
60. Huncharek M, Wheeler L, McGarry R, et al. Chemotherapy response rates in recurrent/progressive pediatric glioma; Results of a systematic review. Anticancer Res, 1999, 19(4C):3569-3574.
61. Fine HA, Dear KBG, Loeffler JS, et al. Meta-analysis of radiation therapy with and without adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant gliomas in adults. Cancer, 1993, 71(8):2585-2597.
62. 屈会起, 张金钟, 邱明才.循证医学的系统评价方法.中华医院管理杂志, 2000, 16(6):335-336.
63. Jakola AS, Unsgård G, Myrmel KS, et al. Surgical strategy in grade Ⅱ astrocytoma:a population-based analysis of survival and morbidity with a strategy of early resection as compared to watchful waiting. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2013, 155(12):2227-2235.
64. 卫茂玲. Cochrane系统评价在中国的现状与问题.中国循证医学杂志, 2006, 6(2):150-151.
65. 张俊华, 商洪才, 张伯礼.系统评价/Meta分析质量的评价方法.中西医结合学报, 2008, 6(4):337-340.
66. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration. Available at: http://www.cochrane-handbook.org.

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