Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: An Interpretation to the New ISTH/SSC Consensus_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 RUANXiao-lan ¹ ^# ,  LISheng ² ^# , MENGXiang-yu ² , WENGHong ² , AOXu-bin ¹ , JIANGDao-zi ¹ ,  GAOQing-ping ¹

1. Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China;
2. Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China;

Corresponding author：

GAOQing-ping, Email: gaoqingping2014@163.com

Keywords：

Disseminated intravascular coagulation; DIC; Diagnosis; Treatment; Clinical practice guideline; Clinical consensus

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20150166

Video：

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Citation： RUANXiao-lan, LISheng, MENGXiang-yu, WENGHong, AOXu-bin, JIANGDao-zi, GAOQing-ping. Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: An Interpretation to the New ISTH/SSC Consensus. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2015, 15(9): 993-999. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20150166 Copy

1.	Taylor FB, Toh CH, Hoots WK, et al. Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2001, 86(5):1327-1330.
2.	胡豫. 2012版弥散性血管内凝血诊断与治疗中国专家共识解读. 临床血液学杂志, 2013, 26(3):149-150.
3.	Sakata Y. DIC associated with acute promyelocyte leukemia. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu, 1998, 21(2):517-520.
4.	Barbui T, Falanga A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute leukemia. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2001, 27(6):593-604.
5.	Levi M, Toh C, Thachil J, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Br J Haematol, 2009, 145(1):24-33.
6.	Wada H, Asakura H, Okamoto K, et al. Expert consensus for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan. Thromb Res, 2010, 125(1):6-11.
7.	Di NM, Baudo F, Cosmi B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation:guidelines of the Italian Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis (SISET). Thromb Res, 2012, 129(5):e177-184.
8.	曾宪涛, 冷卫东, 李胜, 等. 如何正确理解及使用GRADE系统. 中国循证医学杂志, 2011, 11(9):985-990.
9.	Wada H, Thachil J, Di Nisio M, et al. Guidance for diagnosis and treatment of DIC from harmonization of the recommendations from three guidelines. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(4):761-767.
10.	Kobayashi N, Maekawa T, Takada M, et al. Criteria for diagnosis of DIC based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory findings in 345 DIC patients collected by the Research Committee on DIC in Japan. Bibl Haematol, 1983, (49):265-275.
11.	Gando S, Iba T, Eguchi Y, et al. A multicenter, prospective validation of disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnostic criteria for critically ill patients:comparing current criteria. Crit Care Med, 2006, 34(3):625-631.
12.	陈耀龙, 李幼平, 杜亮, 等. 医学研究中证据分级和推荐强度的演进. 中国循证医学杂志, 2008, 8(2):127-133.
13.	Takemitsu T, Wada H, Hatada T, et al. Prospective evaluation of three different diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2011, 105(1):40-44.
14.	Gando S, Wada H, Asakura H, et al. Evaluation of new Japanese diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation in critically ill patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2005, 11(1):71-76.
15.	Hatada T, Wada H, Nobori T, et al. Plasma concentrations and importance of High Mobility Group Box protein in the prognosis of organ failure in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2005, 94(5):975-979.
16.	Bick RL. Disseminated intravascular coagulation:objective clinical and laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of therapeutic response. Semin Thromb Hemost, 1996, 22(1):69-88.
17.	Toh CH, Dennis M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation:old disease, new hope. BMJ, 2003, 327(7421):974-977.
18.	刘葳, 张磊, 刘永泽, 等. 主动脉夹层相关慢性弥散性血管内凝血两例报告及文献复习. 中华血液学杂志, 2014, 35(9):831-834.
19.	Prisco D, Conti AA, Giurlani L, et al. Clinical application of fibrinolysis laboratory tests:a review. Ann Ital Med Int, 1998, 13(2):81-87.
20.	Wada H, Sakuragawa N. Are fibrin-related markers useful for the diagnosis of thrombosis? Semin Thromb Hemost, 2008, 34(1):33-38.
21.	Wada H, Sakuragawa N, Shiku H. Hemostatic molecular markers before onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation in leukemic patients. Semin Thromb Hemost, 1998, 24(3):293-297.
22.	Faust SN, Heyderman RS, Levin M. Coagulation in severe sepsis:a central role for thrombomodulin and activated protein C. Crit Care Med, 2001, 29(7 Suppl):S62-67; discussion S67-68.
23.	Tallman MS, Andersen JW, Schiffer CA, et al. All-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia:long-term outcome and prognostic factor analysis from the North American Intergroup protocol. Blood, 2002, 100(13):4298-4302.
24.	Pernerstorfer T, Hollenstein U, Hansen J, et al. Heparin blunts endotoxin-induced coagulation activation. Circulation, 1999, 100(25):2485-2490.
25.	Sakuragawa N, Hasegawa H, Maki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of low-molecular-weight heparin (FR-860) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)——a multicenter co-operative double-blind trial in comparison with heparin. Thromb Res, 1993, 72(6):475-500.
26.	Samama MM, Cohen AT, Darmon JY, et al. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group. N Engl J Med, 1999, 341(11):793-800.
27.	Patel R, Cook DJ, Meade MO, et al. Burden of illness in venous thromboembolism in critical care:a multicenter observational study. J Crit Care, 2005, 20(4):341-347.
28.	Kienast J, Juers M, Wiedermann CJ, et al. Treatment effects of high-dose antithrombin without concomitant heparin in patients with severe sepsis with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Thromb Haemost, 2006, 4(1):90-97.
29.	Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med, 2001, 344(10):699-709.
30.	Aoki N, Matsuda T, Saito H, et al. A comparative double-blind randomized trial of activated protein C and unfractionated heparin in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Int J Hematol, 2002, 75(5):540-547.
31.	Saito H, Maruyama I, Shimazaki S, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) in disseminated intravascular coagulation:results of a phase Ⅲ, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Thromb Haemost, 2007, 5(1):31-41.
32.	Abraham E, Reinhart K, Svoboda P, et al. Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with severe sepsis:a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study. Crit Care Med, 2001, 29(11):2081-2089.
33.	Mannucci PM, Levi M. Prevention and treatment of major blood loss. N Engl J Med, 2007, 356(22):2301-2311.
34.	dela Serna J, Montesinos P, Vellenga E, et al. Causes and prognostic factors of remission induction failure in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin. Blood, 2008, 111(7):3395-3402.
35.	Cutcliffe JR, Ward MF. Evaluating expressed emotion and schizophrenia. Br J Nurs, 1999, 8(21):1444-1446.
36.	Collaborators C, Shakur H, Roberts I, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2):a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9734):23-32.

1. Taylor FB, Toh CH, Hoots WK, et al. Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2001, 86(5):1327-1330.
2. 胡豫. 2012版弥散性血管内凝血诊断与治疗中国专家共识解读. 临床血液学杂志, 2013, 26(3):149-150.
3. Sakata Y. DIC associated with acute promyelocyte leukemia. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu, 1998, 21(2):517-520.
4. Barbui T, Falanga A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute leukemia. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2001, 27(6):593-604.
5. Levi M, Toh C, Thachil J, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Br J Haematol, 2009, 145(1):24-33.
6. Wada H, Asakura H, Okamoto K, et al. Expert consensus for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan. Thromb Res, 2010, 125(1):6-11.
7. Di NM, Baudo F, Cosmi B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation:guidelines of the Italian Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis (SISET). Thromb Res, 2012, 129(5):e177-184.
8. 曾宪涛, 冷卫东, 李胜, 等. 如何正确理解及使用GRADE系统. 中国循证医学杂志, 2011, 11(9):985-990.
9. Wada H, Thachil J, Di Nisio M, et al. Guidance for diagnosis and treatment of DIC from harmonization of the recommendations from three guidelines. J Thromb Haemost, 2013, 11(4):761-767.
10. Kobayashi N, Maekawa T, Takada M, et al. Criteria for diagnosis of DIC based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory findings in 345 DIC patients collected by the Research Committee on DIC in Japan. Bibl Haematol, 1983, (49):265-275.
11. Gando S, Iba T, Eguchi Y, et al. A multicenter, prospective validation of disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnostic criteria for critically ill patients:comparing current criteria. Crit Care Med, 2006, 34(3):625-631.
12. 陈耀龙, 李幼平, 杜亮, 等. 医学研究中证据分级和推荐强度的演进. 中国循证医学杂志, 2008, 8(2):127-133.
13. Takemitsu T, Wada H, Hatada T, et al. Prospective evaluation of three different diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2011, 105(1):40-44.
14. Gando S, Wada H, Asakura H, et al. Evaluation of new Japanese diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation in critically ill patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2005, 11(1):71-76.
15. Hatada T, Wada H, Nobori T, et al. Plasma concentrations and importance of High Mobility Group Box protein in the prognosis of organ failure in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2005, 94(5):975-979.
16. Bick RL. Disseminated intravascular coagulation:objective clinical and laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of therapeutic response. Semin Thromb Hemost, 1996, 22(1):69-88.
17. Toh CH, Dennis M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation:old disease, new hope. BMJ, 2003, 327(7421):974-977.
18. 刘葳, 张磊, 刘永泽, 等. 主动脉夹层相关慢性弥散性血管内凝血两例报告及文献复习. 中华血液学杂志, 2014, 35(9):831-834.
19. Prisco D, Conti AA, Giurlani L, et al. Clinical application of fibrinolysis laboratory tests:a review. Ann Ital Med Int, 1998, 13(2):81-87.
20. Wada H, Sakuragawa N. Are fibrin-related markers useful for the diagnosis of thrombosis? Semin Thromb Hemost, 2008, 34(1):33-38.
21. Wada H, Sakuragawa N, Shiku H. Hemostatic molecular markers before onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation in leukemic patients. Semin Thromb Hemost, 1998, 24(3):293-297.
22. Faust SN, Heyderman RS, Levin M. Coagulation in severe sepsis:a central role for thrombomodulin and activated protein C. Crit Care Med, 2001, 29(7 Suppl):S62-67; discussion S67-68.
23. Tallman MS, Andersen JW, Schiffer CA, et al. All-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia:long-term outcome and prognostic factor analysis from the North American Intergroup protocol. Blood, 2002, 100(13):4298-4302.
24. Pernerstorfer T, Hollenstein U, Hansen J, et al. Heparin blunts endotoxin-induced coagulation activation. Circulation, 1999, 100(25):2485-2490.
25. Sakuragawa N, Hasegawa H, Maki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of low-molecular-weight heparin (FR-860) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)——a multicenter co-operative double-blind trial in comparison with heparin. Thromb Res, 1993, 72(6):475-500.
26. Samama MM, Cohen AT, Darmon JY, et al. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group. N Engl J Med, 1999, 341(11):793-800.
27. Patel R, Cook DJ, Meade MO, et al. Burden of illness in venous thromboembolism in critical care:a multicenter observational study. J Crit Care, 2005, 20(4):341-347.
28. Kienast J, Juers M, Wiedermann CJ, et al. Treatment effects of high-dose antithrombin without concomitant heparin in patients with severe sepsis with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Thromb Haemost, 2006, 4(1):90-97.
29. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med, 2001, 344(10):699-709.
30. Aoki N, Matsuda T, Saito H, et al. A comparative double-blind randomized trial of activated protein C and unfractionated heparin in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Int J Hematol, 2002, 75(5):540-547.
31. Saito H, Maruyama I, Shimazaki S, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) in disseminated intravascular coagulation:results of a phase Ⅲ, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Thromb Haemost, 2007, 5(1):31-41.
32. Abraham E, Reinhart K, Svoboda P, et al. Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with severe sepsis:a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study. Crit Care Med, 2001, 29(11):2081-2089.
33. Mannucci PM, Levi M. Prevention and treatment of major blood loss. N Engl J Med, 2007, 356(22):2301-2311.
34. dela Serna J, Montesinos P, Vellenga E, et al. Causes and prognostic factors of remission induction failure in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin. Blood, 2008, 111(7):3395-3402.
35. Cutcliffe JR, Ward MF. Evaluating expressed emotion and schizophrenia. Br J Nurs, 1999, 8(21):1444-1446.
36. Collaborators C, Shakur H, Roberts I, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2):a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9734):23-32.

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