Risk factors of diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation for adult: a meta-analysis_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

LU Huapeng ¹ ,  LI Jin ¹ , WANG Jing ¹ , XIAO Qigui ²

1. Department of Nursing, Medicine College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, P.R.China;
2. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

LI Jin, Email: lijin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Liver transplantation; Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus; Risk factor; Meta-analysis

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.201610056

Video：

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ObjectiveTo systematically review the risk factors of post transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) after liver transplantation for adult to provide clinical prevention and treatment basement on it.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library (Issue 5, 2016), CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched from inception to May 2016 to collect observational studies about risk factors of post transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) after liver transplantation for adult. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 39 studies were included, which involving 10 043 adults. The incidence of PTDM was 27.61% (2 773/10 043). The results of meta-analysis showed that the following significant recipient factors: male (OR=1.53, 95%CI 1.32 to 1.78, P<0.000 01), advanced age (MD=3.82, 95%CI 2.74 to 4.89, P<0.000 1), higher BMI (MD=1.24, 95%CI 0.50 to 1.97, P=0.000 9), higher weight (MD=4.35, 95%CI 1.92 to 6.78, P=0.000 5), higher FPG before transplantation (MD=6.79, 95%CI 3.51 to 10.06, P<0.000 1), family history of diabetes (OR=1.62, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.31, P<0.008), HCV(+) infection (OR=2.44, 95%CI 1.88 to 3.17, P<0.000 01), CMV(+) infection (OR=2.75, 95%CI 1.67 to 4.50, P<0.000 1). The donor factors are male (OR=1.25, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.54, P=0.04), liver steatosis (OR=1.68, 95%CI 1.28 to 2.20, P=0.000 2), CMV(+) infection (OR=2.07, 95%CI 1.05 to 4.11, P=0.04), DDLT (OR=3.83, 95%CI 1.72 to 8.55, P=0.001). There were significant postoperative factors such as early acute rejection (OR=1.84, 95%CI 1.33 to 2.55, P=0.000 2), early infection (OR=4.16, 95%CI 1.94 to 8.92, P=0.000 2) and the use of tacrolimus (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.23 to 1.83, P<0.000 1).ConclusionThe risk factors of PTDM include recipient factors such as male, advanced age, higher BMI, higher weight, higher FPG before transplantation, family history of diabetes, HCV(+) infection, CMV(+) infection. The donor factors are male, liver steatosis, CMV(+) infection, and DDLT. The postoperative factors are early acute rejection, early infection and the use of tacrolimus. Due to limited study quality, more high quality studies are needed to verify conclusion.

Citation： LU Huapeng, LI Jin, WANG Jing, XIAO Qigui. Risk factors of diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation for adult: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2017, 17(2): 195-205. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.201610056 Copy

1.	Starzl TE. The long reach of liver transplantation. Nat Med, 2012, 18(10): 1489-1492.
2.	Organization WH. Global Activity in Organ Transplantation 2013 Estimate. Avaliable at: http://www.transplant-observatory.org/ Pages/home.aspx.
3.	Younossi Z, Stepanova M, Saab S, et al. The association of hepatitis C virus infection and post-liver transplant diabetes: data from 17000 HCV-infected transplant recipients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2015, 41(2): 209-217.
4.	Wang Q, Yan LN, Xiao GQ, et al. Pre and Post-Operative Risk Factors of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation. Liver Transplant, 2013, 19: 186.
5.	Kuo PC, Yang CH, Chang WT, et al. Risk Factors Analysis for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Liver Transplantation-A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Liver Transplant, 2014, 20: 196.
6.	Kim Y, Lee K, Kim SH, et al. Early steroid withdrawal regimen prevents new-onset diabetes mellitus in old-age recipients after living donor liver transplantation. World J Surg, 2012, 36(10): 2443-2448.
7.	Pageaux GP, Faure S, Bouyabrine H, et al. Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation: Diabetes mellitus. Liver Transplant, 2009, 15(S2): 79-82.
8.	Tian YF, Tsai CS, Lee PC, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus in cyclosporine-treated organ transplant patients in Taiwan: Interim analysis (6 months) of postmarketing surveillance. Transplant Proc, 2012, 44(3): 661-666.
9.	Stockmann M, Steinmüller TH, Nolting S, et al. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2002, 34(5): 1571-1572.
10.	Steinmuller T, Stockmann M, Bechstein WO, et al. Liver transplantation and diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocr Diab, 2000, 108(6): 401-405.
11.	Velidedeoglu E, Mange KC, Frank A, et al. Factors differentially correlated with the outcome of liver transplantation in HCV+ and HCV- recipients. Transplantation, 2004, 77(12): 1834-1842.
12.	Yoo HY, Thuluvath PJ. The effect of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on outcome of liver transplantation. Transplantation, 2002, 74(7): 1007-1012.
13.	John PR, Thuluvath PJ. Outcome of liver transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A case-control study. Hepatology, 2001, 34(5): 889-895.
14.	Blanco JJ, Herrero JI, Quiroga J, et al. Liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients with diabetes mellitus: Midterm results, survival, and adverse events. Liver Transplant, 2001, 7(3): 226-233.
15.	Shields PL, Tang H, Neuberger JM, et al. Poor outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing liver transplantation. Transplantation, 1999, 68(4): 530-535.
16.	Räkel A, Karelis AD. New-onset diabetes after transplantation: Risk factors and clinical impact. Diabetes Metab, 2011, 37(1): 1-14.
17.	Abe T, Onoe T, Tahara H, et al. Risk factors for development of new-onset diabetes mellitus and progressive impairment of glucose metabolism after living-donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2014, 46(3): 865-869.
18.	Harada N, Sugawara Y, Akamatsu N, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus developing in Asian adult living donor liver transplant recipients: a single-center experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2013, 20(6): 634-638.
19.	Ling Q, Xie H, Lu D, et al. Association between donor and recipient TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation in a Han Chinese population. J Hepatol, 2013, 58(2): 271-277.
20.	Honda M, Asonuma K, Hayashida S, et al. Incidence and risk factors for new-onset diabetes in living-donor liver transplant recipients. Clin Transplant, 2013, 27(3): 426-435.
21.	Yoshida EM, Lilly LB, Marotta PJ, et al. A Canadian national retrospective chart review comparing the long term effect of cyclosporine vs. tacrolimus on clinical outcomes in patients with post-liver transplantation hepatitis C virus infection. Ann Hepatol, 2013, 12(2): 282-293.
22.	王燕华, 李新宇, 雷辉, 等. 肝移植术后生存期五年及以上患者糖尿病患病率与相关因素分析. 中国医药, 2013, 8(7) : 947-948.
23.	Carey EJ, Aqel BA, Byrne TJ, et al. Pretransplant fasting glucose predicts new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation. J Transplant, 2012, 2012: 614781.
24.	Gelley F, Zadori G, Firneisz G, et al. Relationship between hepatitis C virus recurrence and de novo diabetes after liver transplantation: the hungarian experience. Transplant Proc, 2011, 43(4): 1281-1282.
25.	陈显英, 于明香, 周俭. 供肝脂肪变性与肝移植术后糖尿病发病风险的关系. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2011, 3(5): 393-397.
26.	van Laecke S, Desideri F, Geerts A, et al. Hypomagnesemia and the risk of new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation. Liver Transplant, 2010, 16(11): 1278-1287.
27.	Yu MX, Chen X, Zhou J, et al. Steatosis of donor's liver and its relationship to post-transplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplantation. Diabetologia, 2010, 53: 151.
28.	Nemes B, Gelley F, Zádori G, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus and liver transplantation, with special consideration of recurrent hepatitis C. Orv Hetil, 2010, 151(26): 1062-1071.
29.	Faure S, Mura T, Bismuth M, et al. Diabetes mellitus (dm) reduces survival after liver transplantation (lt): analysis of a monocentric cohort. J Hepatol, 2010, 52: 190-191.
30.	Veldt BJ, Poterucha JJ, Watt K, et al. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C impact of calcineurin inhibition. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 21(3): 53.
31.	Zhao J, Yan L, Li B, et al. Diabetes mellitus after living donor liver transplantation: data from mainland china. Transplant Proc, 2009, 41(5): 1756-1760.
32.	Anderson AL, Lewis DA, Steinke DT, et al. Effects of hyperglycemia on the development of new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation. Prog Transplant, 2009, 19(4): 298-303.
33.	李潺. 肝移植术后糖尿病危险因素分析. 重庆: 重庆医科大学, 2009.
34.	张晖. 肝移植术后住院期间新发糖尿病患病情况及相关危险因素分析. 广州: 中山大学, 2009.
35.	何增磊. 乙肝相关性终末期肝病肝移植术后糖尿病分析. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2009.
36.	Dehghani SM, Taghavi SAR, Imanieh MH, et al. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation in Iranian patients. Indian J Gastroenterol, 2008, 27(2): 83-84.
37.	Sánchez-Pérez B, Aranda Narváez JM, Santoyo Santoyo J, et al. Influence of immunosuppression and effect of hepatitis C virus on new onset of diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc, 2008, 40(9): 2994-2996.
38.	吕毅, 祁翔, 张晓刚, 等. 肝移植术后糖尿病危险因素的分析. 西安交通大学学报(医学版), 2008, 29(5): 559-561.
39.	Saliba F, Lakehal M, Pageaux GP, et al. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus following liver transplantation and impact of hepatitis c infection: an observational multicenter study. Liver Transplant, 2007, 13(1): 136-144.
40.	贾瑛, 王帅. 肝移植患者血糖的动态变化及危险因素探讨. 天津医药杂志, 2007, 35(9): 670-672.
41.	Driscoll C, Cashion A, Hathaway D, et al. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients. Prog Transplant, 2006, 16(2): 110-116.
42.	Kishi Y, Sugawara Y, Tamura S, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus after living donor liver transplantation: possible association with hepatitis C. Transplant Proc, 2006, 38(9): 2989-2992.
43.	Moon JI, Barbeito R, Faradji RN, et al. Negative impact of new-onset diabetes mellitus on patient and graft survival after liver transplantation: Long-term follow up. Transplantation, 2006, 82(12): 1625-1628.
44.	高鹏骥, 王东, 朱继业, 等. 肝移植围手术期糖尿病防治的初步研究. 中华普通外科杂志, 2006, 21(11): 783-784, 787.
45.	吴亚夫, 施晓雷, 仇毓东, 等. 肝移植术后糖尿病危险因素分析. 中华器官移植杂志, 2006, 27(6): 366-369.
46.	Soule JL, Olyaei AJ, Boslaugh TA, et al. Hepatitis C infection increases the risk of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in liver allograft recipients. Am J Sugr, 2005, 189(5): 552-557.
47.	Mirabella S, Brunati A, Ricchiuti A, et al. New-Onset Diabetes After Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2005, 37(6): 2636-2637.
48.	Khalili M, Lim JW, Bass N, et al. New onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: The critical role of hepatitis C infection. Liver Transplant, 2004, 10(3): 349-355.
49.	Parolin MB, Zaina FE, Araujo MV, et al. Prevalence of new-onset diabetes mellitus in Brazilian liver transplant recipients: association with HCV infection. Transplant Proc, 2004, 36(9): 2776-2777.
50.	Schmilovitz-Weiss H, Mor E, Sulkes J, et al. Association of post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus with hepatitis C virus infection. Transplant Proc, 2003, 35(2): 667-668.
51.	AlDosary AA, Ramji AS, Elliott TG, et al. Post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus: An association with hepatitis C. Liver Transplant, 2002, 8(4): 356-361.
52.	Baid S, Cosimi AB, Lin FM, et al. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients: Risk factors, temporal, relationship with hepatitis C virus allograft hepatitis, and impact on mortality. Transplantation, 2001, 72(6): 1066-1072.
53.	Navasa M, Bustamante J, Marroni C, et al. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: prevalence and predictive factors. J Hepatol, 1996, 25(1): 64-71.
54.	Boktour M, Monsour H, Gordon-Burroughs S, et al. Early New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Liver Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. Am J Transplant, 2015, 15(S1): 102.
55.	Li DW, Lu TF, Hua XW, et al. Risk factors for new onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: A meta-analysis. World J Gastro, 2015, 21(20): 6329-6340.
56.	Merican I, Guan R, Amarapuka D, et al. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Asian countries. J Gastro Hepatol, 2000, 15(12): 1356-1361.
57.	Gane EJ. Diabetes Mellitus Following Liver Transplantation in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus: Risks and Consequences. Am J Transplant, 2012, 12(3): 531-538.
58.	Kuo H, Sampaio MS, Ye X, et al. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus in adult liver transplant recipients, an analysis of the organ procurement and transplant network/united network for organ sharing database. Transplantation, 2010, 89(9): 1134-1140.
59.	Riani EB, Ellero B, Woehl-Jaegle ML, et al. Influence of preexisting diabetes mellitus and new-onset diabetes mellitus on outcome of liver transplantation. Transpl Int, 2007, 20: 276.

1. Starzl TE. The long reach of liver transplantation. Nat Med, 2012, 18(10): 1489-1492.
2. Organization WH. Global Activity in Organ Transplantation 2013 Estimate. Avaliable at: http://www.transplant-observatory.org/ Pages/home.aspx.
3. Younossi Z, Stepanova M, Saab S, et al. The association of hepatitis C virus infection and post-liver transplant diabetes: data from 17000 HCV-infected transplant recipients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2015, 41(2): 209-217.
4. Wang Q, Yan LN, Xiao GQ, et al. Pre and Post-Operative Risk Factors of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation. Liver Transplant, 2013, 19: 186.
5. Kuo PC, Yang CH, Chang WT, et al. Risk Factors Analysis for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Liver Transplantation-A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Liver Transplant, 2014, 20: 196.
6. Kim Y, Lee K, Kim SH, et al. Early steroid withdrawal regimen prevents new-onset diabetes mellitus in old-age recipients after living donor liver transplantation. World J Surg, 2012, 36(10): 2443-2448.
7. Pageaux GP, Faure S, Bouyabrine H, et al. Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation: Diabetes mellitus. Liver Transplant, 2009, 15(S2): 79-82.
8. Tian YF, Tsai CS, Lee PC, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus in cyclosporine-treated organ transplant patients in Taiwan: Interim analysis (6 months) of postmarketing surveillance. Transplant Proc, 2012, 44(3): 661-666.
9. Stockmann M, Steinmüller TH, Nolting S, et al. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2002, 34(5): 1571-1572.
10. Steinmuller T, Stockmann M, Bechstein WO, et al. Liver transplantation and diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocr Diab, 2000, 108(6): 401-405.
11. Velidedeoglu E, Mange KC, Frank A, et al. Factors differentially correlated with the outcome of liver transplantation in HCV+ and HCV- recipients. Transplantation, 2004, 77(12): 1834-1842.
12. Yoo HY, Thuluvath PJ. The effect of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on outcome of liver transplantation. Transplantation, 2002, 74(7): 1007-1012.
13. John PR, Thuluvath PJ. Outcome of liver transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A case-control study. Hepatology, 2001, 34(5): 889-895.
14. Blanco JJ, Herrero JI, Quiroga J, et al. Liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients with diabetes mellitus: Midterm results, survival, and adverse events. Liver Transplant, 2001, 7(3): 226-233.
15. Shields PL, Tang H, Neuberger JM, et al. Poor outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing liver transplantation. Transplantation, 1999, 68(4): 530-535.
16. Räkel A, Karelis AD. New-onset diabetes after transplantation: Risk factors and clinical impact. Diabetes Metab, 2011, 37(1): 1-14.
17. Abe T, Onoe T, Tahara H, et al. Risk factors for development of new-onset diabetes mellitus and progressive impairment of glucose metabolism after living-donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2014, 46(3): 865-869.
18. Harada N, Sugawara Y, Akamatsu N, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus developing in Asian adult living donor liver transplant recipients: a single-center experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2013, 20(6): 634-638.
19. Ling Q, Xie H, Lu D, et al. Association between donor and recipient TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation in a Han Chinese population. J Hepatol, 2013, 58(2): 271-277.
20. Honda M, Asonuma K, Hayashida S, et al. Incidence and risk factors for new-onset diabetes in living-donor liver transplant recipients. Clin Transplant, 2013, 27(3): 426-435.
21. Yoshida EM, Lilly LB, Marotta PJ, et al. A Canadian national retrospective chart review comparing the long term effect of cyclosporine vs. tacrolimus on clinical outcomes in patients with post-liver transplantation hepatitis C virus infection. Ann Hepatol, 2013, 12(2): 282-293.
22. 王燕华, 李新宇, 雷辉, 等. 肝移植术后生存期五年及以上患者糖尿病患病率与相关因素分析. 中国医药, 2013, 8(7) : 947-948.
23. Carey EJ, Aqel BA, Byrne TJ, et al. Pretransplant fasting glucose predicts new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation. J Transplant, 2012, 2012: 614781.
24. Gelley F, Zadori G, Firneisz G, et al. Relationship between hepatitis C virus recurrence and de novo diabetes after liver transplantation: the hungarian experience. Transplant Proc, 2011, 43(4): 1281-1282.
25. 陈显英, 于明香, 周俭. 供肝脂肪变性与肝移植术后糖尿病发病风险的关系. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2011, 3(5): 393-397.
26. van Laecke S, Desideri F, Geerts A, et al. Hypomagnesemia and the risk of new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation. Liver Transplant, 2010, 16(11): 1278-1287.
27. Yu MX, Chen X, Zhou J, et al. Steatosis of donor's liver and its relationship to post-transplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplantation. Diabetologia, 2010, 53: 151.
28. Nemes B, Gelley F, Zádori G, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus and liver transplantation, with special consideration of recurrent hepatitis C. Orv Hetil, 2010, 151(26): 1062-1071.
29. Faure S, Mura T, Bismuth M, et al. Diabetes mellitus (dm) reduces survival after liver transplantation (lt): analysis of a monocentric cohort. J Hepatol, 2010, 52: 190-191.
30. Veldt BJ, Poterucha JJ, Watt K, et al. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C impact of calcineurin inhibition. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 21(3): 53.
31. Zhao J, Yan L, Li B, et al. Diabetes mellitus after living donor liver transplantation: data from mainland china. Transplant Proc, 2009, 41(5): 1756-1760.
32. Anderson AL, Lewis DA, Steinke DT, et al. Effects of hyperglycemia on the development of new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation. Prog Transplant, 2009, 19(4): 298-303.
33. 李潺. 肝移植术后糖尿病危险因素分析. 重庆: 重庆医科大学, 2009.
34. 张晖. 肝移植术后住院期间新发糖尿病患病情况及相关危险因素分析. 广州: 中山大学, 2009.
35. 何增磊. 乙肝相关性终末期肝病肝移植术后糖尿病分析. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2009.
36. Dehghani SM, Taghavi SAR, Imanieh MH, et al. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation in Iranian patients. Indian J Gastroenterol, 2008, 27(2): 83-84.
37. Sánchez-Pérez B, Aranda Narváez JM, Santoyo Santoyo J, et al. Influence of immunosuppression and effect of hepatitis C virus on new onset of diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc, 2008, 40(9): 2994-2996.
38. 吕毅, 祁翔, 张晓刚, 等. 肝移植术后糖尿病危险因素的分析. 西安交通大学学报(医学版), 2008, 29(5): 559-561.
39. Saliba F, Lakehal M, Pageaux GP, et al. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus following liver transplantation and impact of hepatitis c infection: an observational multicenter study. Liver Transplant, 2007, 13(1): 136-144.
40. 贾瑛, 王帅. 肝移植患者血糖的动态变化及危险因素探讨. 天津医药杂志, 2007, 35(9): 670-672.
41. Driscoll C, Cashion A, Hathaway D, et al. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients. Prog Transplant, 2006, 16(2): 110-116.
42. Kishi Y, Sugawara Y, Tamura S, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus after living donor liver transplantation: possible association with hepatitis C. Transplant Proc, 2006, 38(9): 2989-2992.
43. Moon JI, Barbeito R, Faradji RN, et al. Negative impact of new-onset diabetes mellitus on patient and graft survival after liver transplantation: Long-term follow up. Transplantation, 2006, 82(12): 1625-1628.
44. 高鹏骥, 王东, 朱继业, 等. 肝移植围手术期糖尿病防治的初步研究. 中华普通外科杂志, 2006, 21(11): 783-784, 787.
45. 吴亚夫, 施晓雷, 仇毓东, 等. 肝移植术后糖尿病危险因素分析. 中华器官移植杂志, 2006, 27(6): 366-369.
46. Soule JL, Olyaei AJ, Boslaugh TA, et al. Hepatitis C infection increases the risk of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in liver allograft recipients. Am J Sugr, 2005, 189(5): 552-557.
47. Mirabella S, Brunati A, Ricchiuti A, et al. New-Onset Diabetes After Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc, 2005, 37(6): 2636-2637.
48. Khalili M, Lim JW, Bass N, et al. New onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: The critical role of hepatitis C infection. Liver Transplant, 2004, 10(3): 349-355.
49. Parolin MB, Zaina FE, Araujo MV, et al. Prevalence of new-onset diabetes mellitus in Brazilian liver transplant recipients: association with HCV infection. Transplant Proc, 2004, 36(9): 2776-2777.
50. Schmilovitz-Weiss H, Mor E, Sulkes J, et al. Association of post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus with hepatitis C virus infection. Transplant Proc, 2003, 35(2): 667-668.
51. AlDosary AA, Ramji AS, Elliott TG, et al. Post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus: An association with hepatitis C. Liver Transplant, 2002, 8(4): 356-361.
52. Baid S, Cosimi AB, Lin FM, et al. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients: Risk factors, temporal, relationship with hepatitis C virus allograft hepatitis, and impact on mortality. Transplantation, 2001, 72(6): 1066-1072.
53. Navasa M, Bustamante J, Marroni C, et al. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: prevalence and predictive factors. J Hepatol, 1996, 25(1): 64-71.
54. Boktour M, Monsour H, Gordon-Burroughs S, et al. Early New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Liver Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. Am J Transplant, 2015, 15(S1): 102.
55. Li DW, Lu TF, Hua XW, et al. Risk factors for new onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: A meta-analysis. World J Gastro, 2015, 21(20): 6329-6340.
56. Merican I, Guan R, Amarapuka D, et al. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Asian countries. J Gastro Hepatol, 2000, 15(12): 1356-1361.
57. Gane EJ. Diabetes Mellitus Following Liver Transplantation in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus: Risks and Consequences. Am J Transplant, 2012, 12(3): 531-538.
58. Kuo H, Sampaio MS, Ye X, et al. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus in adult liver transplant recipients, an analysis of the organ procurement and transplant network/united network for organ sharing database. Transplantation, 2010, 89(9): 1134-1140.
59. Riani EB, Ellero B, Woehl-Jaegle ML, et al. Influence of preexisting diabetes mellitus and new-onset diabetes mellitus on outcome of liver transplantation. Transpl Int, 2007, 20: 276.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Risk factors of diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation for adult: a meta-analysis

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