Based on peer-reviewed systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials published from January 1990 to April 2016 with regards to the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) developed the clinical practice guideline for the treatment of hip OA. This guideline provided practice recommendations including risk factors for hip OA, oral drugs and intraarticular injectables, physical therapies, perioperative hemostatic drug, anesthetic types, approach exposures, etc. The evidence of guideline was graded according to it’s strength. This article interpreted this guideline so as to provide reference for Chinese medical staffs and guideline developers.
Citation： FU Weili, LI Jian. The interpretation of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons’ clinical practice guideline (2017) for management of osteoarthritis of the hip. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2018, 18(11): 1249-1256. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.201801051 Copy
| 1. | Aresti N, Kassam J, Nicholas N, et al. Hip osteoarthritis. BMJ, 2016, 354: i3405. |
| 2. | Jordan JM, Helmick CG, Renner JB, et al. Prevalence of hip symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic hip osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. J Rheumatol, 2009, 36(4): 809-815. |
| 3. | Murphy NJ, Eyles JP, Hunter DJ. Hip osteoarthritis: etiopathogenesis and implications for management. Adv Ther, 2016, 33(11): 1921-1946. |
| 4. | Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2008, 16(2): 137-162. |
| 5. | Yeung E, Jackson M, Sexton S, et al. The effect of obesity on the outcome of hip and knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(6): 929-934. |
| 6. | Stevens M, Paans N, Wagenmakers R, et al. The influence of overweight/obesity on patient-perceived physical functioning and health-related quality of life after primary total hip arthroplasty. Obes Surg, 2012, 22(4): 523-529. |
| 7. | Davis AM, Wood AM, Keenan AC, et al. Does body mass index affect clinical outcome post-operatively and at five years after primary unilateral total hip replacement performed for osteoarthritis? A multivariate analysis of prospective data. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2011, 93(9): 1178-1182. |
| 8. | Judge A, Cooper C, Arden NK, et al. Pre-operative expectation predicts 12-month post-operative outcome among patients undergoing primary total hip replacement in European orthopaedic centres. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2011, 19(6): 659-667. |
| 9. | McCalden RW, Charron KD, MacDonald SJ, et al. Does morbid obesity affect the outcome of total hip replacement?: an analysis of 3290 THRs. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2011, 93(3): 321-325. |
| 10. | Jackson MP, Sexton SA, Yeung E, et al. The effect of obesity on the mid-term survival and clinical outcome of cementless total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2009, 91(10): 1296-1300. |
| 11. | Bennett D, Gibson D, O’Brien S, et al. Hip arthroplasty in morbidly obese patients- intra-operative and short term outcomes. Hip Int, 2010, 20(1): 75-80. |
| 12. | Aranda VP, Navarro-Espigares JL, Hernandez-Torres E, et al. Body mass index as predictor of health-related quality-of-life changes after total hip arthroplasty: a cross-over study. J Arthroplasty, 2013, 28(4): 666-670. |
| 13. | Bowditch MG, Villar RN. Do obese patients bleed more? A prospective study of blood loss at total hip replacement. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 1999, 81(3): 198-200. |
| 14. | Badura-Brzoza K, Zajac P, Kasperska-Zajac A, et al. Anxiety and depression and their influence on the quality of life after total hip replacement: preliminary report. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract, 2008, 12(4): 280-284. |
| 15. | Fujita K, Makimoto K, Mawatari M. Three-year follow-up study of health related QOL and lifestyle indicators for Japanese patients after total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci, 2016, 21(2): 191-198. |
| 16. | Gandhi R, Dhotar H, Davey JR, et al. Predicting the longer-term outcomes of total hip replacement. J Rheumatol, 2010, 37(12): 2573-2577. |
| 17. | Gordon M, Greene M, Frumento P, et al. Age- and health-related quality of life after total hip replacement: decreasing gains in patients above 70 years of age. Acta Orthop, 2014, 85(3): 244-249. |
| 18. | Judge A, Arden NK, Batra RN, et al. The association of patient characteristics and surgical variables on symptoms of pain and function over 5 years following primary hip-replacement surgery: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 2013, 3(3): e002453. |
| 19. | McHugh GA, Campbell M, Luker KA. Predictors of outcomes of recovery following total hip replacement surgery: a prospective study. Bone Joint Res, 2013, 2(11): 248-254. |
| 20. | Corten K, Bourne RB, Charron KD, et al. What works best, a cemented or cementless primary total hip arthroplasty?: minimum 17-year followup of a randomized controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2011, 469(1): 209-217. |
| 21. | Visuri T, Turula KB, Pulkkinen P, et al. Survivorship of hip prosthesis in primary arthrosis: influence of bilaterality and interoperative time in 45,000 hip prostheses from the Finnish endoprosthesis register. Acta Orthop Scand, 2002, 73(3): 287-290. |
| 22. | Katz JN, Wright EA, Wright J, et al. Twelve-year risk of revision after primary total hip replacement in the U.S. Medicare population. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2012, 94(20): 1825-1832. |
| 23. | McMinn DJ, Snell KI, Daniel J, et al. Mortality and implant revision rates of hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis: registry based cohort study. BMJ, 2012, 344: e3319. |
| 24. | Davis AM, Agnidis Z, Badley E, et al. Predictors of functional outcome two years following revision hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2006, 88(4): 685-691. |
| 25. | Duivenvoorden T, Vissers MM, Verhaar JA, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms before and after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective multicentre study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2013, 21(12): 1834-1840. |
| 26. | Jamsen E, Peltola M, Eskelinen A, et al. Comorbid diseases as predictors of survival of primary total hip and knee replacements: a nationwide register-based study of 96 754 operations on patients with primary osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2013, 72(12): 1975-1982. |
| 27. | Rolfson O, Dahlberg LE, Nilsson JA, et al. Variables determining outcome in total hip replacement surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2009, 91(2): 157-161. |
| 28. | Sadr Azodi O, Bellocco R, Eriksson K, et al. The impact of tobacco use and body mass index on the length of stay in hospital and the risk of post-operative complications among patients undergoing total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2006, 88(10): 1316-1320. |
| 29. | Huddleston JI, Wang Y, Uquillas C, et al. Age and obesity are risk factors for adverse events after total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(2): 490-496. |
| 30. | Schnitzer TJ, Dattani ID, Seriolo B, et al. A 13-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of lumiracoxib in hip osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol, 2011, 30(11): 1433-1446. |
| 31. | Baerwald C, Verdecchia P, Duquesroix B, et al. Efficacy, safety, and effects on blood pressure of naproxcinod 750 mg twice daily compared with placebo and naproxen 500 mg twice daily in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum, 2010, 62(12): 3635-3644. |
| 32. | Svensson O, Malmenas M, Fajutrao L, et al. Greater reduction of knee than hip pain in osteoarthritis treated with naproxen, as evaluated by WOMAC and SF-36. Ann Rheum Dis, 2006, 65(6): 781-784. |
| 33. | Klein G, Kullich W, Schnitker J, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of an oral enzyme combination in painful osteoarthritis of the hip. A double-blind, randomised study comparing oral enzymes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2006, 24(1): 25-30. |
| 34. | Makarowski W, Zhao WW, Bevirt T, et al. Efficacy and safety of the COX-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with naproxen. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2002, 10(4): 290-296. |
| 35. | Kivitz AJ, Moskowitz RW, Woods E, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of celecoxib and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. J Int Med Res, 2001, 29(6): 467-479. |
| 36. | Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJ, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2008, 148(4): 268-277. |
| 37. | Lambert RG, Hutchings EJ, Grace MG, et al. Steroid injection for osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 2007, 56(7): 2278-2287. |
| 38. | Atchia I, Kane D, Reed MR, et al. Efficacy of a single ultrasound-guided injection for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2011, 70(1): 110-116. |
| 39. | Qvistgaard E, Christensen R, Torp-Pedersen S, et al. Intra-articular treatment of hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial of hyaluronic acid, corticosteroid, and isotonic saline. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2006, 14(2): 163-170. |
| 40. | Richette P, Ravaud P, Conrozier T, et al. Effect of hyaluronic acid in symptomatic hip osteoarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 2009, 60(3): 824-830. |
| 41. | van den Bekerom MP, Rys B, Mulier M. Viscosupplementation in the hip: evaluation of hyaluronic acid formulations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2008, 128(3): 275-280. |
| 42. | Tikiz C, Unlu Z, Sener A, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of lower and higher molecular weight viscosupplementation in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol, 2005, 24(3): 244-250. |
| 43. | Spitzer AI, Bockow BI, Brander VA, et al. Hylan G-F 20 improves hip osteoarthritis: a prospective, randomized study. Phys Sportsmed, 2010, 38(2): 35-47. |
| 44. | Migliore A, Massafra U, Bizzi E, et al. Comparative, double-blind, controlled study of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (Hyalubrix) injections versus local anesthetic in osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Res Ther, 2009, 11(6): R183. |
| 45. | Battaglia M, Guaraldi F, Vannini F, et al. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for hip osteoarthritis. Orthopedics, 2013, 36(12): e1501-1508. |
| 46. | Dallari D, Stagni C, Rani N, et al. Ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid, separately and in combination, for hip osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled Study. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(3): 664-671. |
| 47. | Bennell KL, Egerton T, Martin J, et al. Effect of physical therapy on pain and function in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2014, 311(19): 1987-1997. |
| 48. | Beselga C, Neto F, Alburquerque-Sendin F, et al. Immediate effects of hip mobilization with movement in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Man Ther, 2016, 22: 80-85. |
| 49. | Fernandes L, Storheim K, Sandvik L, et al. Efficacy of patient education and supervised exercise vs patient education alone in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a single blind randomized clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2010, 18(10): 1237-1243. |
| 50. | French HP, Cusack T, Brennan A, et al. Exercise and manual physiotherapy arthritis research trial (EMPART) for osteoarthritis of the hip: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2013, 94(2): 302-314. |
| 51. | Hoeksma HL, Dekker J, Ronday HK, et al. Manual therapy in osteoarthritis of the hip: outcome in subgroups of patients. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2005, 44(4): 461-464. |
| 52. | Koybasi M, Borman P, Kocaoglu S, et al. The effect of additional therapeutic ultrasound in patients with primary hip osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Rheumatol, 2010, 29(12): 1387-1394. |
| 53. | Pisters MF, Veenhof C, Schellevis FG, et al. Long-term effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a randomized controlled trial comparing two different physical therapy interventions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2010, 18(8): 1019-1026. |
| 54. | Poulsen E, Hartvigsen J, Christensen HW, et al. Patient education with or without manual therapy compared to a control group in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. A proof-of-principle three-arm parallel group randomized clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2013, 21(10): 1494-1503. |
| 55. | Svege I, Fernandes L, Nordsletten L, et al. Long-term effect of exercise therapy and patient education on impairments and activity limitations in people with hip osteoarthritis: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther, 2016, 96(6): 818-827. |
| 56. | Nguyen M, Revel M, Dougados M. Prolonged effects of 3 week therapy in a spa resort on lumbar spine, knee and hip osteoarthritis: follow-up after 6 months. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Rheumatol, 1997, 36(1): 77-81. |
| 57. | Svege I, Nordsletten L, Fernandes L, et al. Exercise therapy may postpone total hip replacement surgery in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a long-term follow-up of a randomised trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 2015, 74(1): 164-169. |
| 58. | Tak E, Staats P, Van Hespen A, et al. The effects of an exercise program for older adults with osteoarthritis of the hip. J Rheumatol, 2005, 32(6): 1106-1113. |
| 59. | Villadsen A, Overgaard S, Holsgaard-Larsen A, et al. Postoperative effects of neuromuscular exercise prior to hip or knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 2014, 73(6): 1130-1137. |
| 60. | Rooks DS, Huang J, Bierbaum BE, et al. Effect of preoperative exercise on measures of functional status in men and women undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheum, 2006, 55(5): 700-708. |
| 61. | Ferrara PE, Rabini A, Maggi L, et al. Effect of pre-operative physiotherapy in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis undergoing hip arthroplasty. Clin Rehabil, 2008, 22(10-11): 977-986. |
| 62. | Vukomanovic A, Popovic Z, Durovic A, et al. The effects of short-term preoperative physical therapy and education on early functional recovery of patients younger than 70 undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Vojnosanit Pregl, 2008, 65(4): 291-297. |
| 63. | Mikkelsen LR, Mechlenburg I, Soballe K, et al. Effect of early supervised progressive resistance training compared to unsupervised home-based exercise after fast-track total hip replacement applied to patients with preoperative functional limitations. A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, 22(12): 2051-2058. |
| 64. | Heiberg KE, Bruun-Olsen V, Ekeland A, et al. Effect of a walking skill training program in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty: Followup one year after surgery. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2012, 64(3): 415-423. |
| 65. | Umpierres CS, Ribeiro TA, Marchisio AE, et al. Rehabilitation following total hip arthroplasty evaluation over short follow-up time: randomized clinical trial. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2014, 51(10): 1567-1578. |
| 66. | Galea MP, Levinger P, Lythgo N, et al. A targeted home- and center-based exercise program for people after total hip replacement: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2008, 89(8): 1442-1447. |
| 67. | Heiberg KE, Figved W. Physical functioning and prediction of physical activity after total hip arthroplasty: five-year followup of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2016, 68(4): 454-462. |
| 68. | Hunt LP, Ben-Shlomo Y, Clark EM, et al. 90-day mortality after 409,096 total hip replacements for osteoarthritis, from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales: a retrospective analysis. Lancet, 2013, 382(9898): 1097-1104. |
| 69. | Basques BA, Toy JO, Bohl DD, et al. General compared with spinal anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2015, 97(6): 455-461. |
| 70. | Martin JG, Cassatt KB, Kincaid-Cinnamon KA, et al. Topical administration of tranexamic acid in primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 2014, 29(5): 889-894. |
| 71. | Niskanen RO, Korkala OL. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in cemented hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study of 39 patients with osteoarthritis. Acta Orthop, 2005, 76(6): 829-832. |
| 72. | Imai N, Dohmae Y, Suda K, et al. Tranexamic acid for reduction of blood loss during total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 2012, 27(10): 1838-1843. |
| 73. | Benoni G, Fredin H, Knebel R, et al. Blood conservation with tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study in 40 primary operations. Acta Orthop Scand, 2001, 72(5): 442-448. |
| 74. | Goosen JH, Kollen BJ, Castelein RM, et al. Minimally invasive versus classic procedures in total hip arthroplasty: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2011, 469(1): 200-208. |
| 75. | Repantis T, Bouras T, Korovessis P. Comparison of minimally invasive approach versus conventional anterolateral approach for total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2015, 25(1): 111-116. |
| 76. | Taunton MJ, Mason JB, Odum SM, et al. Direct anterior total hip arthroplasty yields more rapid voluntary cessation of all walking aids: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Arthroplasty, 2014, 29(9 Suppl): 169-172. |
- 1. Aresti N, Kassam J, Nicholas N, et al. Hip osteoarthritis. BMJ, 2016, 354: i3405.
- 2. Jordan JM, Helmick CG, Renner JB, et al. Prevalence of hip symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic hip osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. J Rheumatol, 2009, 36(4): 809-815.
- 3. Murphy NJ, Eyles JP, Hunter DJ. Hip osteoarthritis: etiopathogenesis and implications for management. Adv Ther, 2016, 33(11): 1921-1946.
- 4. Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2008, 16(2): 137-162.
- 5. Yeung E, Jackson M, Sexton S, et al. The effect of obesity on the outcome of hip and knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(6): 929-934.
- 6. Stevens M, Paans N, Wagenmakers R, et al. The influence of overweight/obesity on patient-perceived physical functioning and health-related quality of life after primary total hip arthroplasty. Obes Surg, 2012, 22(4): 523-529.
- 7. Davis AM, Wood AM, Keenan AC, et al. Does body mass index affect clinical outcome post-operatively and at five years after primary unilateral total hip replacement performed for osteoarthritis? A multivariate analysis of prospective data. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2011, 93(9): 1178-1182.
- 8. Judge A, Cooper C, Arden NK, et al. Pre-operative expectation predicts 12-month post-operative outcome among patients undergoing primary total hip replacement in European orthopaedic centres. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2011, 19(6): 659-667.
- 9. McCalden RW, Charron KD, MacDonald SJ, et al. Does morbid obesity affect the outcome of total hip replacement?: an analysis of 3290 THRs. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2011, 93(3): 321-325.
- 10. Jackson MP, Sexton SA, Yeung E, et al. The effect of obesity on the mid-term survival and clinical outcome of cementless total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2009, 91(10): 1296-1300.
- 11. Bennett D, Gibson D, O’Brien S, et al. Hip arthroplasty in morbidly obese patients- intra-operative and short term outcomes. Hip Int, 2010, 20(1): 75-80.
- 12. Aranda VP, Navarro-Espigares JL, Hernandez-Torres E, et al. Body mass index as predictor of health-related quality-of-life changes after total hip arthroplasty: a cross-over study. J Arthroplasty, 2013, 28(4): 666-670.
- 13. Bowditch MG, Villar RN. Do obese patients bleed more? A prospective study of blood loss at total hip replacement. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 1999, 81(3): 198-200.
- 14. Badura-Brzoza K, Zajac P, Kasperska-Zajac A, et al. Anxiety and depression and their influence on the quality of life after total hip replacement: preliminary report. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract, 2008, 12(4): 280-284.
- 15. Fujita K, Makimoto K, Mawatari M. Three-year follow-up study of health related QOL and lifestyle indicators for Japanese patients after total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci, 2016, 21(2): 191-198.
- 16. Gandhi R, Dhotar H, Davey JR, et al. Predicting the longer-term outcomes of total hip replacement. J Rheumatol, 2010, 37(12): 2573-2577.
- 17. Gordon M, Greene M, Frumento P, et al. Age- and health-related quality of life after total hip replacement: decreasing gains in patients above 70 years of age. Acta Orthop, 2014, 85(3): 244-249.
- 18. Judge A, Arden NK, Batra RN, et al. The association of patient characteristics and surgical variables on symptoms of pain and function over 5 years following primary hip-replacement surgery: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 2013, 3(3): e002453.
- 19. McHugh GA, Campbell M, Luker KA. Predictors of outcomes of recovery following total hip replacement surgery: a prospective study. Bone Joint Res, 2013, 2(11): 248-254.
- 20. Corten K, Bourne RB, Charron KD, et al. What works best, a cemented or cementless primary total hip arthroplasty?: minimum 17-year followup of a randomized controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2011, 469(1): 209-217.
- 21. Visuri T, Turula KB, Pulkkinen P, et al. Survivorship of hip prosthesis in primary arthrosis: influence of bilaterality and interoperative time in 45,000 hip prostheses from the Finnish endoprosthesis register. Acta Orthop Scand, 2002, 73(3): 287-290.
- 22. Katz JN, Wright EA, Wright J, et al. Twelve-year risk of revision after primary total hip replacement in the U.S. Medicare population. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2012, 94(20): 1825-1832.
- 23. McMinn DJ, Snell KI, Daniel J, et al. Mortality and implant revision rates of hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis: registry based cohort study. BMJ, 2012, 344: e3319.
- 24. Davis AM, Agnidis Z, Badley E, et al. Predictors of functional outcome two years following revision hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2006, 88(4): 685-691.
- 25. Duivenvoorden T, Vissers MM, Verhaar JA, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms before and after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective multicentre study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2013, 21(12): 1834-1840.
- 26. Jamsen E, Peltola M, Eskelinen A, et al. Comorbid diseases as predictors of survival of primary total hip and knee replacements: a nationwide register-based study of 96 754 operations on patients with primary osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2013, 72(12): 1975-1982.
- 27. Rolfson O, Dahlberg LE, Nilsson JA, et al. Variables determining outcome in total hip replacement surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2009, 91(2): 157-161.
- 28. Sadr Azodi O, Bellocco R, Eriksson K, et al. The impact of tobacco use and body mass index on the length of stay in hospital and the risk of post-operative complications among patients undergoing total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2006, 88(10): 1316-1320.
- 29. Huddleston JI, Wang Y, Uquillas C, et al. Age and obesity are risk factors for adverse events after total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(2): 490-496.
- 30. Schnitzer TJ, Dattani ID, Seriolo B, et al. A 13-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of lumiracoxib in hip osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol, 2011, 30(11): 1433-1446.
- 31. Baerwald C, Verdecchia P, Duquesroix B, et al. Efficacy, safety, and effects on blood pressure of naproxcinod 750 mg twice daily compared with placebo and naproxen 500 mg twice daily in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum, 2010, 62(12): 3635-3644.
- 32. Svensson O, Malmenas M, Fajutrao L, et al. Greater reduction of knee than hip pain in osteoarthritis treated with naproxen, as evaluated by WOMAC and SF-36. Ann Rheum Dis, 2006, 65(6): 781-784.
- 33. Klein G, Kullich W, Schnitker J, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of an oral enzyme combination in painful osteoarthritis of the hip. A double-blind, randomised study comparing oral enzymes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2006, 24(1): 25-30.
- 34. Makarowski W, Zhao WW, Bevirt T, et al. Efficacy and safety of the COX-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with naproxen. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2002, 10(4): 290-296.
- 35. Kivitz AJ, Moskowitz RW, Woods E, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of celecoxib and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. J Int Med Res, 2001, 29(6): 467-479.
- 36. Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJ, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2008, 148(4): 268-277.
- 37. Lambert RG, Hutchings EJ, Grace MG, et al. Steroid injection for osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 2007, 56(7): 2278-2287.
- 38. Atchia I, Kane D, Reed MR, et al. Efficacy of a single ultrasound-guided injection for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2011, 70(1): 110-116.
- 39. Qvistgaard E, Christensen R, Torp-Pedersen S, et al. Intra-articular treatment of hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial of hyaluronic acid, corticosteroid, and isotonic saline. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2006, 14(2): 163-170.
- 40. Richette P, Ravaud P, Conrozier T, et al. Effect of hyaluronic acid in symptomatic hip osteoarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum, 2009, 60(3): 824-830.
- 41. van den Bekerom MP, Rys B, Mulier M. Viscosupplementation in the hip: evaluation of hyaluronic acid formulations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2008, 128(3): 275-280.
- 42. Tikiz C, Unlu Z, Sener A, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of lower and higher molecular weight viscosupplementation in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol, 2005, 24(3): 244-250.
- 43. Spitzer AI, Bockow BI, Brander VA, et al. Hylan G-F 20 improves hip osteoarthritis: a prospective, randomized study. Phys Sportsmed, 2010, 38(2): 35-47.
- 44. Migliore A, Massafra U, Bizzi E, et al. Comparative, double-blind, controlled study of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (Hyalubrix) injections versus local anesthetic in osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Res Ther, 2009, 11(6): R183.
- 45. Battaglia M, Guaraldi F, Vannini F, et al. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for hip osteoarthritis. Orthopedics, 2013, 36(12): e1501-1508.
- 46. Dallari D, Stagni C, Rani N, et al. Ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid, separately and in combination, for hip osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled Study. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(3): 664-671.
- 47. Bennell KL, Egerton T, Martin J, et al. Effect of physical therapy on pain and function in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2014, 311(19): 1987-1997.
- 48. Beselga C, Neto F, Alburquerque-Sendin F, et al. Immediate effects of hip mobilization with movement in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Man Ther, 2016, 22: 80-85.
- 49. Fernandes L, Storheim K, Sandvik L, et al. Efficacy of patient education and supervised exercise vs patient education alone in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a single blind randomized clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2010, 18(10): 1237-1243.
- 50. French HP, Cusack T, Brennan A, et al. Exercise and manual physiotherapy arthritis research trial (EMPART) for osteoarthritis of the hip: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2013, 94(2): 302-314.
- 51. Hoeksma HL, Dekker J, Ronday HK, et al. Manual therapy in osteoarthritis of the hip: outcome in subgroups of patients. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2005, 44(4): 461-464.
- 52. Koybasi M, Borman P, Kocaoglu S, et al. The effect of additional therapeutic ultrasound in patients with primary hip osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Rheumatol, 2010, 29(12): 1387-1394.
- 53. Pisters MF, Veenhof C, Schellevis FG, et al. Long-term effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a randomized controlled trial comparing two different physical therapy interventions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2010, 18(8): 1019-1026.
- 54. Poulsen E, Hartvigsen J, Christensen HW, et al. Patient education with or without manual therapy compared to a control group in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. A proof-of-principle three-arm parallel group randomized clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2013, 21(10): 1494-1503.
- 55. Svege I, Fernandes L, Nordsletten L, et al. Long-term effect of exercise therapy and patient education on impairments and activity limitations in people with hip osteoarthritis: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther, 2016, 96(6): 818-827.
- 56. Nguyen M, Revel M, Dougados M. Prolonged effects of 3 week therapy in a spa resort on lumbar spine, knee and hip osteoarthritis: follow-up after 6 months. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Rheumatol, 1997, 36(1): 77-81.
- 57. Svege I, Nordsletten L, Fernandes L, et al. Exercise therapy may postpone total hip replacement surgery in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a long-term follow-up of a randomised trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 2015, 74(1): 164-169.
- 58. Tak E, Staats P, Van Hespen A, et al. The effects of an exercise program for older adults with osteoarthritis of the hip. J Rheumatol, 2005, 32(6): 1106-1113.
- 59. Villadsen A, Overgaard S, Holsgaard-Larsen A, et al. Postoperative effects of neuromuscular exercise prior to hip or knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 2014, 73(6): 1130-1137.
- 60. Rooks DS, Huang J, Bierbaum BE, et al. Effect of preoperative exercise on measures of functional status in men and women undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheum, 2006, 55(5): 700-708.
- 61. Ferrara PE, Rabini A, Maggi L, et al. Effect of pre-operative physiotherapy in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis undergoing hip arthroplasty. Clin Rehabil, 2008, 22(10-11): 977-986.
- 62. Vukomanovic A, Popovic Z, Durovic A, et al. The effects of short-term preoperative physical therapy and education on early functional recovery of patients younger than 70 undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Vojnosanit Pregl, 2008, 65(4): 291-297.
- 63. Mikkelsen LR, Mechlenburg I, Soballe K, et al. Effect of early supervised progressive resistance training compared to unsupervised home-based exercise after fast-track total hip replacement applied to patients with preoperative functional limitations. A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, 22(12): 2051-2058.
- 64. Heiberg KE, Bruun-Olsen V, Ekeland A, et al. Effect of a walking skill training program in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty: Followup one year after surgery. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2012, 64(3): 415-423.
- 65. Umpierres CS, Ribeiro TA, Marchisio AE, et al. Rehabilitation following total hip arthroplasty evaluation over short follow-up time: randomized clinical trial. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2014, 51(10): 1567-1578.
- 66. Galea MP, Levinger P, Lythgo N, et al. A targeted home- and center-based exercise program for people after total hip replacement: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2008, 89(8): 1442-1447.
- 67. Heiberg KE, Figved W. Physical functioning and prediction of physical activity after total hip arthroplasty: five-year followup of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2016, 68(4): 454-462.
- 68. Hunt LP, Ben-Shlomo Y, Clark EM, et al. 90-day mortality after 409,096 total hip replacements for osteoarthritis, from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales: a retrospective analysis. Lancet, 2013, 382(9898): 1097-1104.
- 69. Basques BA, Toy JO, Bohl DD, et al. General compared with spinal anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2015, 97(6): 455-461.
- 70. Martin JG, Cassatt KB, Kincaid-Cinnamon KA, et al. Topical administration of tranexamic acid in primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 2014, 29(5): 889-894.
- 71. Niskanen RO, Korkala OL. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in cemented hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study of 39 patients with osteoarthritis. Acta Orthop, 2005, 76(6): 829-832.
- 72. Imai N, Dohmae Y, Suda K, et al. Tranexamic acid for reduction of blood loss during total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 2012, 27(10): 1838-1843.
- 73. Benoni G, Fredin H, Knebel R, et al. Blood conservation with tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study in 40 primary operations. Acta Orthop Scand, 2001, 72(5): 442-448.
- 74. Goosen JH, Kollen BJ, Castelein RM, et al. Minimally invasive versus classic procedures in total hip arthroplasty: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2011, 469(1): 200-208.
- 75. Repantis T, Bouras T, Korovessis P. Comparison of minimally invasive approach versus conventional anterolateral approach for total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2015, 25(1): 111-116.
- 76. Taunton MJ, Mason JB, Odum SM, et al. Direct anterior total hip arthroplasty yields more rapid voluntary cessation of all walking aids: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Arthroplasty, 2014, 29(9 Suppl): 169-172.