SMS intervention on improving antiretroviral treatment adherence in HIV patients: a meta-analysis_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

RAO Kun ¹ ,  HU Ailing ² , WU Jianyu ¹ , CHEN Li ³ , HAN Yingting ⁴

1. Nutrition Department, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R.China;
2. Nursing Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University• Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, 510760, P.R.China;
3. Department of Urinary Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P.R.China;
4. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

HU Ailing, Email: h-ailing@163.com

Keywords：

Short message service (SMS); Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); Adherence; Meta-analysis

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.201908007

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Objectives To evaluate the effects of short message service (SMS) intervention for improving antiretroviral treatment adherence in HIV patients by meta-analysis.Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, CINAHL, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM were searched electronically from January 2000 to December 2018 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of SMS intervention on HIV patients. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 10 RCTs with 2 411 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that SMS intervention could improve significantly treatment adherence of HIV patients (RR=1.11, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.20, P<0.01). The subgroup analysis showed that weekly texting had an effect on treatment adherence (RR=1.15, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.33, P<0.05); personal sending (RR=1.17, 95%CI 0.99 to 1.38, P=0.06) and daily sending (RR=1.02, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.26, P=0.84) of SMS had no statistical significance on treatment adherence; the intervention duration of 6 months (RR=1.11, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.23, P=0.05) could improve the treatment adherence, while the intervention duration of 12 months (RR=1.07, 95%CI 0.98 to 1.17, P=0.13) had no statistical difference on treatment adherence; there was no statistical difference in CD4⁺ cell count before and after treatment (WMD=4.18, 95%CI −39.33 to 47.69, P=0.85).Conclusions By comparing SMS intervention with routine nursing, sending SMS weekly for 6 months to remind HIV patients to take medicine can improve treatment adherence. Due to the limitation of quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions are required to be assessed by more high-quality studies.

Citation： RAO Kun, HU Ailing, WU Jianyu, CHEN Li, HAN Yingting. SMS intervention on improving antiretroviral treatment adherence in HIV patients: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2020, 20(1): 63-70. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.201908007 Copy

1.	World Health Organization. mHealth: New horizons for health through mobile technologies, 2011. Available at: https://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf.
2.	Free C, Phillips G, Watson L, et al. The effectiveness of mobile-health technologies to improve health care service delivery processes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med, 2013, 10(1): e1001363.
3.	Harrigan PR, Hogg RS, Dong WW, et al. Predictors of HIV drug-resistance mutations in a large antiretroviral-naive cohort initiating triple antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis, 2005, 191(3): 339-347.
4.	Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, et al. Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med, 2000, 133(1): 21-30.
5.	Hardon A, Davey S, Gerrits T, et al. From access to adherence: the challenges of antiretroviral treatment: studies from Botswana, Tanzania and Uganda. 2006. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43522.
6.	World Health Organization. Global HIV/AIDS response: epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access: progress report 2011. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44787/9789241502986_eng.pdf.
7.	李兰娟, 任红. 传染病学(第 8 版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2015.
8.	Horvath T, Azman H, Kennedy GE, et al. Mobile phone text messaging for promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Review, 2012, 14(3): CD009756.
9.	Amankwaa I, Boateng D, Quansah DY, et al. Effectiveness of short message services and voice call interventions for antiretroviral therapy adherence and other outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2018, 13(9): e0204091.
10.	Higgins JPT, Green, S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 2008. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/handbook.
11.	Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials, 1996, 17(1): 1-12.
12.	Ruan Y, Xiao X, Chen J, et al. Acceptability and efficacy of interactive short message service intervention in improving HIV medication adherence in Chinese antiretroviral treatment-naïve individuals. Patient Prefer Adherence, 2017, 11: 221-228.
13.	Reid MJA, Steenhoff AP, Thompson J, et al. Evaluation of the effect of cellular SMS reminders on consistency of antiretroviral therapy pharmacy pickups in HIV-infected adults in Botswana: a randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol Behav Med, 2017, 5(1): 101-109.
14.	Nsagha DS, Lange I, Fon PN, et al. A randomized controlled trial on the usefulness of mobile text phone messages to improve the quality of care of hiv and aids patients in cameroon. Open AIDS J, 2016, 10: 93-103.
15.	Joseph Davey D, Nhavoto JA, Augusto O, et al. SMSaúde: evaluating mobile phone text reminders to improve retention in hiv care for patients on antiretroviral therapy in mozambique. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2016, 73(2): e23-e30.
16.	秦英梅, 杜丽群, 黄绍标, 等. 手机短信提醒方式应用于艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗的研究. 广西医科大学学报, 2013, 30(1): 74-76.
17.	da Costa TM, Barbosa BJ, Gomes e Costa DA, et al. Results of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a mobile SMS-based intervention on treatment adherence in HIV/AIDS-infected Brazilian women and impressions and satisfaction with respect to incoming messages. Int J Med Inform, 2012, 81(4): 257-269.
18.	Mbuagbaw L, Thabane L, Ongolo-Zogo P, et al. The Cameroon Mobile Phone SMS (CAMPS) trial: a randomized trial of text messaging versus usual care for adherence to antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One, 2012, 7(12): e46909.
19.	Maduka O, Tobin-West CI. Adherence counseling and reminder text messages improve uptake of antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract, 2013, 16(3): 302-308.
20.	Pop-Eleches C, Thirumurthy H, Habyarimana JP, et al. Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: a randomized controlled trial of text message reminders. AIDS, 2011, 25(6): 825-834.
21.	Lester R T, Ritvo P, Mills E J, et al. Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9755): 1838-1845.
22.	Hardy H, Kumar V, Doros G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a personalized cellular phone reminder system to enhance adherence to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2011, 25(3): 153-161.
23.	Baranoski AS, Meuser E, Hardy H, et al. Patient and provider perspectives on cellular phone-based technology to improve HIV treatment adherence. AIDS Care, 2014, 26(1): 26-32.
24.	Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, et al. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet, 2006, 367(9513): 817-824.
25.	Townsend ML, Jackson GL, Smith R, et al. Association between pharmacy medication refill-based adherence rates and cd4 count and viral-load responses: a retrospective analysis in treatment-experienced adults with HIV. Clin Ther, 2007, 29(4): 711-716.

1. World Health Organization. mHealth: New horizons for health through mobile technologies, 2011. Available at: https://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf.
2. Free C, Phillips G, Watson L, et al. The effectiveness of mobile-health technologies to improve health care service delivery processes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med, 2013, 10(1): e1001363.
3. Harrigan PR, Hogg RS, Dong WW, et al. Predictors of HIV drug-resistance mutations in a large antiretroviral-naive cohort initiating triple antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis, 2005, 191(3): 339-347.
4. Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, et al. Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med, 2000, 133(1): 21-30.
5. Hardon A, Davey S, Gerrits T, et al. From access to adherence: the challenges of antiretroviral treatment: studies from Botswana, Tanzania and Uganda. 2006. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43522.
6. World Health Organization. Global HIV/AIDS response: epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access: progress report 2011. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44787/9789241502986_eng.pdf.
7. 李兰娟, 任红. 传染病学(第 8 版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2015.
8. Horvath T, Azman H, Kennedy GE, et al. Mobile phone text messaging for promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Review, 2012, 14(3): CD009756.
9. Amankwaa I, Boateng D, Quansah DY, et al. Effectiveness of short message services and voice call interventions for antiretroviral therapy adherence and other outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2018, 13(9): e0204091.
10. Higgins JPT, Green, S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 2008. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/handbook.
11. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials, 1996, 17(1): 1-12.
12. Ruan Y, Xiao X, Chen J, et al. Acceptability and efficacy of interactive short message service intervention in improving HIV medication adherence in Chinese antiretroviral treatment-naïve individuals. Patient Prefer Adherence, 2017, 11: 221-228.
13. Reid MJA, Steenhoff AP, Thompson J, et al. Evaluation of the effect of cellular SMS reminders on consistency of antiretroviral therapy pharmacy pickups in HIV-infected adults in Botswana: a randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol Behav Med, 2017, 5(1): 101-109.
14. Nsagha DS, Lange I, Fon PN, et al. A randomized controlled trial on the usefulness of mobile text phone messages to improve the quality of care of hiv and aids patients in cameroon. Open AIDS J, 2016, 10: 93-103.
15. Joseph Davey D, Nhavoto JA, Augusto O, et al. SMSaúde: evaluating mobile phone text reminders to improve retention in hiv care for patients on antiretroviral therapy in mozambique. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2016, 73(2): e23-e30.
16. 秦英梅, 杜丽群, 黄绍标, 等. 手机短信提醒方式应用于艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗的研究. 广西医科大学学报, 2013, 30(1): 74-76.
17. da Costa TM, Barbosa BJ, Gomes e Costa DA, et al. Results of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a mobile SMS-based intervention on treatment adherence in HIV/AIDS-infected Brazilian women and impressions and satisfaction with respect to incoming messages. Int J Med Inform, 2012, 81(4): 257-269.
18. Mbuagbaw L, Thabane L, Ongolo-Zogo P, et al. The Cameroon Mobile Phone SMS (CAMPS) trial: a randomized trial of text messaging versus usual care for adherence to antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One, 2012, 7(12): e46909.
19. Maduka O, Tobin-West CI. Adherence counseling and reminder text messages improve uptake of antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract, 2013, 16(3): 302-308.
20. Pop-Eleches C, Thirumurthy H, Habyarimana JP, et al. Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: a randomized controlled trial of text message reminders. AIDS, 2011, 25(6): 825-834.
21. Lester R T, Ritvo P, Mills E J, et al. Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9755): 1838-1845.
22. Hardy H, Kumar V, Doros G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a personalized cellular phone reminder system to enhance adherence to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2011, 25(3): 153-161.
23. Baranoski AS, Meuser E, Hardy H, et al. Patient and provider perspectives on cellular phone-based technology to improve HIV treatment adherence. AIDS Care, 2014, 26(1): 26-32.
24. Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, et al. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet, 2006, 367(9513): 817-824.
25. Townsend ML, Jackson GL, Smith R, et al. Association between pharmacy medication refill-based adherence rates and cd4 count and viral-load responses: a retrospective analysis in treatment-experienced adults with HIV. Clin Ther, 2007, 29(4): 711-716.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

SMS intervention on improving antiretroviral treatment adherence in HIV patients: a meta-analysis

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