Mycoplasma genitalium infection rate among pregnancy females in China: a meta-analysis_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

XUAN Yan ^1,2 ^# , ZHAO Yaqi ^1,2 ^# , HONG Xiang ^1,2 , YAN Tao ^1,2 , ZHOU Xu ^1,2 , SONG Xuelong ^1,2 , QIN Jinyan ^1,2 ,  WANG Bei ^1,2

1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Bei, Email: wangbeilxb@163.com

Keywords：

Mycoplasma genitalium; Pregnant women; Reproductive tract; Meta-analysis; Systematic review

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202111133

Video：

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Objective To systematically review the infection and colonization of Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) in the reproductive tract of pregnant females in China. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on Mg infection in pregnant females in China from inception to October 10, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using R1.1.463 software. Results A total of 23 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence rate of Mg infection in pregnant females was 4.86% (95%CI 2.84% to 7.38%). The prevalence rates of Mg infection in females with ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, induced abortions and PROM were 13.01% (95%CI 6.90% to 20.69%), 11.81% (95%CI 3.30% to 24.59%), 6.11% (95%CI 2.70% to 10.77%), and 12.63% (95%CI 9.56% to 16.06%), respectively. Conclusion Current evidence shows that the prevalence rate of Mg infection in females with ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and premature rupture of membranes are higher than those in other pregnant females. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Citation： XUAN Yan, ZHAO Yaqi, HONG Xiang, YAN Tao, ZHOU Xu, SONG Xuelong, QIN Jinyan, WANG Bei. Mycoplasma genitalium infection rate among pregnancy females in China: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2022, 22(3): 332-337. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202111133 Copy

1.	Simms I, Eastick K, Mallinson H, et al. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathol, 2003, 56(8): 616-618.
2.	Lis R, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis, 2015, 61(3): 418-426.
3.	Cheng L, Gao Y, Xia Q, et al. Reproductive tract microbiota of women in childbearing age shifts upon gynecological infections and menstrual cycle. BMC Microbiol, 2021, 21(1): 252.
4.	曾宪涛, 刘慧, 陈曦, 等. Meta分析系列之四: 观察性研究的质量评价工具. 中国循证心血管医学杂志, 2012, 4(4): 297-299.
5.	孔繁荣, 朱学骏, 周骏马, 等. 泌尿生殖道人型支原体和生殖支原体的检测. 临床皮肤科杂志, 1996, (1): 3-5.
6.	朱云霞, 许菁, 惠月红, 等. 输卵管妊娠者输卵管组织生殖支原体检测研究. 中华流行病学杂志, 1999, 20(5): 282.
7.	朱云霞, 吴志君, 许菁, 等. 生殖支原体和发酵支原体与胎膜早破、胎儿窘迫的关系研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 1999, 7(4): 27,67.
8.	董若琳, 唐少华, 郑廷迪, 等. 输卵管妊娠患者生殖支原体, 人型支原体及发酵支原体检测. 温州医学院学报, 1999, 29(3): 238-239.
9.	陆晓虹, 朱其荪, 方春梅. 孕妇下生殖道生殖支原体感染与母婴关系研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 1999, 7(6): 66-67.
10.	黄瑞萍, 汤韧, 闵玉芳, 等. 正常及异常妊娠妇女生殖支原体的核酸检测. 中华围产医学杂志, 1999, 2(3): 174-175.
11.	桑翠琴, 鲁杰, 杨振芸, 等. 130例妊娠妇女生殖道的生殖支原体检测. 中华围产医学杂志, 1999, 2(2): 117-118.
12.	杜金洁, 王怡芳, 谢维卫. 502例孕妇人型支原体, 生殖支原体, 发酵支原体感染的分子流行病学研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2000, 8(3): 40-41.
13.	王怡芳, 田德虎, 朱云龙, 等. 输卵管妊娠组织人型支原体, 生殖支原体和发酵支原体感染的研究. 中国煤炭工业医学杂志, 2000, 3(3): 290-291.
14.	刘德莉, 贺子秋, 汪佩鑫, 等. PCR技术检测输卵管异位妊娠石蜡包埋组织支原体感染. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2000, 8(2): 23-25.
15.	朱云霞, 吴志君, 许菁, 等. 输卵管组织中生殖支原体核酸检测研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2000, 8(5): 30-31.
16.	俞信忠, 方敏, 袁江英, 等. 生殖支原体母婴垂直传播的研究. 疾病监测, 2002, (6): 205-207.
17.	陈华, 吕娟, 李凤山, 等. 生殖支原体感染与输卵管妊娠及输卵管病理关系的研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2001, 9(4): 55-56, 127.
18.	王怡芳, 朱云霞. 输卵管妊娠患者输卵管病灶组织支原体核酸的检测. 中华妇产科杂志, 2002, 37(2): 109.
19.	任平, 官洁, 张云霞, 等. 自然流产患者沙眼衣原体和支原体宫内感染的检测研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2002, 10(3): 35-37.
20.	刘福民, 朱学文, 周健, 等. 自然流产胚胎组织中生殖支原体的检测. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2002, 10(10): 612-613.
21.	田艳, 谢婧. 妊娠期生殖支原体感染与胎膜早破关系探讨. 当代医学, 2012, 18(26): 67.
22.	彭艳敏. 妊娠期生殖支原体感染对围产儿及孕产妇的影响. 当代医学, 2012, 18(26): 5-6.
23.	陈敏玲, 陈慧军, 瞿先花. 人工流产后生殖支原体感染与盆腔炎的相关性分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2013, 23(11): 2646-2648.
24.	谢婧, 焉彩霞, 刘志敏, 等. 复发性自然流产患者宫颈分泌物中生殖支原体与解脲脲原体的检测及临床意义. 当代医学, 2016, 22(10): 48-49.
25.	陈磊, 于晓兰, 刘朝晖. 人工流产女性的宫颈常见性传播病原体感染及性伴情况调查. 中国性科学, 2017, 26(11): 66-68.
26.	陈相, 杜丽伟, 龚海娜, 等. 待产孕妇生殖支原体感染的现状调查. 当代医学, 2020, 26(35): 31-33.
27.	陈相, 杜丽伟, 龚海娜, 等. 孕妇生殖支原体感染垂直传播与妊娠结局分析. 医学检验与临床, 2020, 31(6): 66-68.
28.	Baumann L, Cina M, Egli-Gany D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in different population groups: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect, 2018, 94(4): 255-262.
29.	宣岩, 魏兰馨, 洪翔, 等. 我国不同人群生殖支原体感染率的Meta分析. 中华流行病学杂志, 2021, 42(2): 335-342.
30.	Pinto-Sander N, Soni S. Mycoplasma genitalium infection. BMJ, 2019, 367: l5820.
31.	Berger RE. Comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Urol, 2005, 173(6): 1989-1990.
32.	Oakeshott P, Hay P, Taylor-Robinson D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in early pregnancy and relationship between its presence and pregnancy outcome. BJOG, 2004, 111(12): 1464-1467.
33.	Short VL, Jensen JS, Nelson DB, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium among young, urban pregnant women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 2010: 984760.
34.	Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. J Infect Dis, 1999, 180(6): 1950-1956.
35.	Wiesenfeld HC, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium in women: current knowledge and research priorities for this recently emerged pathogen. J Infect Dis, 2017, 216(suppl 2): S389-S395.
36.	Refaat B, Ashshi AM, Batwa SA, et al. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy. Innate Immun, 2016, 22(7): 534-545.
37.	芦笛, 白伶俐, 任永变. 解脲支原体, 沙眼衣原体感染与异位妊娠的相关性研究. 中国性科学, 2016, 25(6): 137-139.
38.	Lu GC, Schwebke JR, Duffy LB, et al. Midtrimester vaginal Mycoplasma genitalium in women with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001, 185(1): 163-165.
39.	闫立青. 支原体属及沙眼衣原体感染与胚胎停止发育的临床观察. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2013, 23(16): 3972-3973.
40.	Giakoumelou S, Wheelhouse N, Cuschieri K, et al. The role of infection in miscarriage. Hum Reprod Update, 2016, 22(1): 116-133.
41.	Ma C, Du J, Dou Y, et al. The associations of genital mycoplasmas with female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci, 2021, 28(11): 3013-3031.
42.	张秋鸿, 徐小红, 金彩娥. 生殖道解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体感染对孕晚期胎膜早破的影响. 中国艾滋病性病, 2020, 26(11): 1217-1220.

1. Simms I, Eastick K, Mallinson H, et al. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathol, 2003, 56(8): 616-618.
2. Lis R, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis, 2015, 61(3): 418-426.
3. Cheng L, Gao Y, Xia Q, et al. Reproductive tract microbiota of women in childbearing age shifts upon gynecological infections and menstrual cycle. BMC Microbiol, 2021, 21(1): 252.
4. 曾宪涛, 刘慧, 陈曦, 等. Meta分析系列之四: 观察性研究的质量评价工具. 中国循证心血管医学杂志, 2012, 4(4): 297-299.
5. 孔繁荣, 朱学骏, 周骏马, 等. 泌尿生殖道人型支原体和生殖支原体的检测. 临床皮肤科杂志, 1996, (1): 3-5.
6. 朱云霞, 许菁, 惠月红, 等. 输卵管妊娠者输卵管组织生殖支原体检测研究. 中华流行病学杂志, 1999, 20(5): 282.
7. 朱云霞, 吴志君, 许菁, 等. 生殖支原体和发酵支原体与胎膜早破、胎儿窘迫的关系研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 1999, 7(4): 27,67.
8. 董若琳, 唐少华, 郑廷迪, 等. 输卵管妊娠患者生殖支原体, 人型支原体及发酵支原体检测. 温州医学院学报, 1999, 29(3): 238-239.
9. 陆晓虹, 朱其荪, 方春梅. 孕妇下生殖道生殖支原体感染与母婴关系研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 1999, 7(6): 66-67.
10. 黄瑞萍, 汤韧, 闵玉芳, 等. 正常及异常妊娠妇女生殖支原体的核酸检测. 中华围产医学杂志, 1999, 2(3): 174-175.
11. 桑翠琴, 鲁杰, 杨振芸, 等. 130例妊娠妇女生殖道的生殖支原体检测. 中华围产医学杂志, 1999, 2(2): 117-118.
12. 杜金洁, 王怡芳, 谢维卫. 502例孕妇人型支原体, 生殖支原体, 发酵支原体感染的分子流行病学研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2000, 8(3): 40-41.
13. 王怡芳, 田德虎, 朱云龙, 等. 输卵管妊娠组织人型支原体, 生殖支原体和发酵支原体感染的研究. 中国煤炭工业医学杂志, 2000, 3(3): 290-291.
14. 刘德莉, 贺子秋, 汪佩鑫, 等. PCR技术检测输卵管异位妊娠石蜡包埋组织支原体感染. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2000, 8(2): 23-25.
15. 朱云霞, 吴志君, 许菁, 等. 输卵管组织中生殖支原体核酸检测研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2000, 8(5): 30-31.
16. 俞信忠, 方敏, 袁江英, 等. 生殖支原体母婴垂直传播的研究. 疾病监测, 2002, (6): 205-207.
17. 陈华, 吕娟, 李凤山, 等. 生殖支原体感染与输卵管妊娠及输卵管病理关系的研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2001, 9(4): 55-56, 127.
18. 王怡芳, 朱云霞. 输卵管妊娠患者输卵管病灶组织支原体核酸的检测. 中华妇产科杂志, 2002, 37(2): 109.
19. 任平, 官洁, 张云霞, 等. 自然流产患者沙眼衣原体和支原体宫内感染的检测研究. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2002, 10(3): 35-37.
20. 刘福民, 朱学文, 周健, 等. 自然流产胚胎组织中生殖支原体的检测. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2002, 10(10): 612-613.
21. 田艳, 谢婧. 妊娠期生殖支原体感染与胎膜早破关系探讨. 当代医学, 2012, 18(26): 67.
22. 彭艳敏. 妊娠期生殖支原体感染对围产儿及孕产妇的影响. 当代医学, 2012, 18(26): 5-6.
23. 陈敏玲, 陈慧军, 瞿先花. 人工流产后生殖支原体感染与盆腔炎的相关性分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2013, 23(11): 2646-2648.
24. 谢婧, 焉彩霞, 刘志敏, 等. 复发性自然流产患者宫颈分泌物中生殖支原体与解脲脲原体的检测及临床意义. 当代医学, 2016, 22(10): 48-49.
25. 陈磊, 于晓兰, 刘朝晖. 人工流产女性的宫颈常见性传播病原体感染及性伴情况调查. 中国性科学, 2017, 26(11): 66-68.
26. 陈相, 杜丽伟, 龚海娜, 等. 待产孕妇生殖支原体感染的现状调查. 当代医学, 2020, 26(35): 31-33.
27. 陈相, 杜丽伟, 龚海娜, 等. 孕妇生殖支原体感染垂直传播与妊娠结局分析. 医学检验与临床, 2020, 31(6): 66-68.
28. Baumann L, Cina M, Egli-Gany D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in different population groups: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect, 2018, 94(4): 255-262.
29. 宣岩, 魏兰馨, 洪翔, 等. 我国不同人群生殖支原体感染率的Meta分析. 中华流行病学杂志, 2021, 42(2): 335-342.
30. Pinto-Sander N, Soni S. Mycoplasma genitalium infection. BMJ, 2019, 367: l5820.
31. Berger RE. Comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Urol, 2005, 173(6): 1989-1990.
32. Oakeshott P, Hay P, Taylor-Robinson D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in early pregnancy and relationship between its presence and pregnancy outcome. BJOG, 2004, 111(12): 1464-1467.
33. Short VL, Jensen JS, Nelson DB, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium among young, urban pregnant women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 2010: 984760.
34. Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. J Infect Dis, 1999, 180(6): 1950-1956.
35. Wiesenfeld HC, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium in women: current knowledge and research priorities for this recently emerged pathogen. J Infect Dis, 2017, 216(suppl 2): S389-S395.
36. Refaat B, Ashshi AM, Batwa SA, et al. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy. Innate Immun, 2016, 22(7): 534-545.
37. 芦笛, 白伶俐, 任永变. 解脲支原体, 沙眼衣原体感染与异位妊娠的相关性研究. 中国性科学, 2016, 25(6): 137-139.
38. Lu GC, Schwebke JR, Duffy LB, et al. Midtrimester vaginal Mycoplasma genitalium in women with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001, 185(1): 163-165.
39. 闫立青. 支原体属及沙眼衣原体感染与胚胎停止发育的临床观察. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2013, 23(16): 3972-3973.
40. Giakoumelou S, Wheelhouse N, Cuschieri K, et al. The role of infection in miscarriage. Hum Reprod Update, 2016, 22(1): 116-133.
41. Ma C, Du J, Dou Y, et al. The associations of genital mycoplasmas with female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci, 2021, 28(11): 3013-3031.
42. 张秋鸿, 徐小红, 金彩娥. 生殖道解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体感染对孕晚期胎膜早破的影响. 中国艾滋病性病, 2020, 26(11): 1217-1220.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Mycoplasma genitalium infection rate among pregnancy females in China: a meta-analysis

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