Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and emotion and behaviors in children and adolescents: a systematic review_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

TIAN Yu , CHEN Zixuan ,  LIU Qin

Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Qin, Email: liuqin@cqmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Child; Adolescent; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Emotion; Behavior; Systematic review

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202305011

Video：

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Objective To systematically review the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and emotion and behaviors in children and adolescents. Methods The PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, CBM, VIP, WanFang Data, OVFT, Proquest Psychological database and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the relationship between PAHs and emotion and behaviors in children and adolescents from inception to October 20, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. A qualitative systematic review was then performed. Results A total of six cohort studies were included, five studies involving maternal exposure during pregnancy, found that maternal exposure to PAHs during pregnancy was associated with an increase in childhood anxiety/depression syndrome, attention problems, social withdrawal, social competence, social problems, orientation/regulation, withdrawal behaviors, and autism-related behaviors. Another study of exposure in school-age children found that PAHs exposure was associated with poorer attention performance in school. Results of other emotional behaviors were inconsistent, or no association was found. Conclusion Current evidence shows that PAHs have certain effects on emotional behaviors of children and adolescents. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality cohort studies are required to verify above conclusion.

Citation： TIAN Yu, CHEN Zixuan, LIU Qin. Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and emotion and behaviors in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2023, 23(10): 1165-1171. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202305011 Copy

1.	Sun K, Song Y, He F, et al. A review of human and animals exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Health risk and adverse effects, photo-induced toxicity and regulating effect of microplastics. Sci Total Environ, 2021, 773: 145403.
2.	Alalaiwe A, Lin YK, Lin CH, et al. The absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the skin to elicit cutaneous inflammation: the establishment of structure-permeation and in silico-in vitro-in vivo relationships. Chemosphere, 2020, 255: 126955.
3.	Oliveira M, Slezakova K, Delerue-Matos C, et al. Children environmental exposure to particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biomonitoring in school environments: a review on indoor and outdoor exposure levels, major sources and health impacts. Environ Int, 2019, 124: 180-204.
4.	Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaffarzadeh N, Rezapour M, et al. Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020, 27(11): 11531-11540.
5.	Dahlgren J, Warshaw R, Thornton J, et al. Health effects on nearby residents of a wood treatment plant. Environ Res, 2003, 92(2): 92-98.
6.	Chen C, Tang Y, Jiang X, et al. Early postnatal benzo(a)pyrene exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats causes persistent neurobehavioral impairments that emerge postnatally and continue into adolescence and adulthood. Toxicol Sci, 2012, 125(1): 248-261.
7.	Drwal E, Rak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Review: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-action on placental function and health risks in future life of newborns. Toxicology, 2019, 411: 133-142.
8.	段小倩, 程子茜, 杜雨峰, 等. 妊娠期多环芳烃暴露对妊娠结局及儿童早期发展影响的研究进展. 环境与健康杂志, 2018, 35(12): 1104-1108.
9.	Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol, 2010, 25(9): 603-605.
10.	张若林, 帅兰军, 李晓燕, 等. 出生体重与慢性肾脏病关联性的系统评价和Meta分析. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2017, 12(2): 93-99.
11.	Perera FP, Tang D, Wang S, et al. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and child behavior at age 6-7 years. Environ Health Perspect, 2012, 120(6): 921-926.
12.	Perera FP, Wang S, Vishnevetsky J, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-aromatic DNA adducts in cord blood and behavior scores in New York city children. Environ Health Perspect, 2011, 119(8): 1176-1181.
13.	Perera FP, Chang HW, Tang D, et al. Early-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ADHD behavior problems. PLoS One, 2014, 9(11): e111670.
14.	Margolis AE, Herbstman JB, Davis KS, et al. Longitudinal effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants on self-regulatory capacities and social competence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2016, 57(7): 851-860.
15.	Peterson BS, Bansal R, Sawardekar S, et al. Prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with altered brain structure, function, and metabolism in childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2022, 63(11): 1316-1331.
16.	Liu R, DeSerisy M, Fox NA, et al. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress predict infant individual differences in reactivity and regulation and socioemotional development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2022, 63(11): 1359-1367.
17.	Genkinger JM, Stigter L, Jedrychowski W, et al. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, antioxidant levels and behavioral development of children ages 6-9. Environ Res, 2015, 140: 136-144.
18.	Mortamais M, Pujol J, van Drooge BL, et al. Effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on basal ganglia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in primary school children. Environ Int, 2017, 105: 12-19.
19.	Alemany S, Vilor-Tejedor N, García-Esteban R, et al. Traffic-related air pollution, APOE ε4 status, and neurodevelopmental outcomes among school children enrolled in the BREATHE project (Catalonia, Spain). Environ Health Perspect, 2018, 126(8): 087001.
20.	Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, et al. Prenatal urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toddler cognition, language, and behavior. Environ Int, 2022, 159: 107039.
21.	刘小燕, 王炳玲, 衣明纪, 等. 孕期多环芳烃暴露与幼儿孤独症谱系障碍相关行为关系的出生队列研究. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2019, 21(4): 332-336.
22.	Saunders CR, Ramesh A, Shockley DC. Modulation of neurotoxic behavior in F-344 rats by temporal disposition of benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicol Lett, 2002, 129(1-2): 33-45.
23.	Wormley DD, Ramesh A, Hood DB. Environmental contaminant-mixture effects on CNS development, plasticity, and behavior. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2004, 197(1): 49-65.
24.	Peterson BS, Rauh VA, Bansal R, et al. Effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on the development of brain white matter, cognition, and behavior in later childhood. JAMA Psychiatry, 2015, 72(6): 531-540.
25.	Patel B, Das SK, Das S, et al. Neonatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene induces oxidative stress causing altered hippocampal cytomorphometry and behavior during early adolescence period of male Wistar rats. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2016, 50: 7-15.
26.	Sram RJ, Veleminsky M, Jr. , Veleminsky M, Sr. , et al. The impact of air pollution to central nervous system in children and adults. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2017, 38(6): 389-396.
27.	Guo J, Riley KW, Durham T, et al. Association studies of environmental exposures, DNA methylation and children's cognitive, behavioral, and mental health problems. Front Genet, 2022, 13: 871820.
28.	Margolis AE, Liu R, Conceição VA, et al. Convergent neural correlates of prenatal exposure to air pollution and behavioral phenotypes of risk for internalizing and externalizing problems: Potential biological and cognitive pathways. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2022, 137: 104645.

1. Sun K, Song Y, He F, et al. A review of human and animals exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Health risk and adverse effects, photo-induced toxicity and regulating effect of microplastics. Sci Total Environ, 2021, 773: 145403.
2. Alalaiwe A, Lin YK, Lin CH, et al. The absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the skin to elicit cutaneous inflammation: the establishment of structure-permeation and in silico-in vitro-in vivo relationships. Chemosphere, 2020, 255: 126955.
3. Oliveira M, Slezakova K, Delerue-Matos C, et al. Children environmental exposure to particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biomonitoring in school environments: a review on indoor and outdoor exposure levels, major sources and health impacts. Environ Int, 2019, 124: 180-204.
4. Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaffarzadeh N, Rezapour M, et al. Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020, 27(11): 11531-11540.
5. Dahlgren J, Warshaw R, Thornton J, et al. Health effects on nearby residents of a wood treatment plant. Environ Res, 2003, 92(2): 92-98.
6. Chen C, Tang Y, Jiang X, et al. Early postnatal benzo(a)pyrene exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats causes persistent neurobehavioral impairments that emerge postnatally and continue into adolescence and adulthood. Toxicol Sci, 2012, 125(1): 248-261.
7. Drwal E, Rak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Review: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-action on placental function and health risks in future life of newborns. Toxicology, 2019, 411: 133-142.
8. 段小倩, 程子茜, 杜雨峰, 等. 妊娠期多环芳烃暴露对妊娠结局及儿童早期发展影响的研究进展. 环境与健康杂志, 2018, 35(12): 1104-1108.
9. Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol, 2010, 25(9): 603-605.
10. 张若林, 帅兰军, 李晓燕, 等. 出生体重与慢性肾脏病关联性的系统评价和Meta分析. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2017, 12(2): 93-99.
11. Perera FP, Tang D, Wang S, et al. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and child behavior at age 6-7 years. Environ Health Perspect, 2012, 120(6): 921-926.
12. Perera FP, Wang S, Vishnevetsky J, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-aromatic DNA adducts in cord blood and behavior scores in New York city children. Environ Health Perspect, 2011, 119(8): 1176-1181.
13. Perera FP, Chang HW, Tang D, et al. Early-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ADHD behavior problems. PLoS One, 2014, 9(11): e111670.
14. Margolis AE, Herbstman JB, Davis KS, et al. Longitudinal effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants on self-regulatory capacities and social competence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2016, 57(7): 851-860.
15. Peterson BS, Bansal R, Sawardekar S, et al. Prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with altered brain structure, function, and metabolism in childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2022, 63(11): 1316-1331.
16. Liu R, DeSerisy M, Fox NA, et al. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress predict infant individual differences in reactivity and regulation and socioemotional development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2022, 63(11): 1359-1367.
17. Genkinger JM, Stigter L, Jedrychowski W, et al. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, antioxidant levels and behavioral development of children ages 6-9. Environ Res, 2015, 140: 136-144.
18. Mortamais M, Pujol J, van Drooge BL, et al. Effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on basal ganglia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in primary school children. Environ Int, 2017, 105: 12-19.
19. Alemany S, Vilor-Tejedor N, García-Esteban R, et al. Traffic-related air pollution, APOE ε4 status, and neurodevelopmental outcomes among school children enrolled in the BREATHE project (Catalonia, Spain). Environ Health Perspect, 2018, 126(8): 087001.
20. Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, et al. Prenatal urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toddler cognition, language, and behavior. Environ Int, 2022, 159: 107039.
21. 刘小燕, 王炳玲, 衣明纪, 等. 孕期多环芳烃暴露与幼儿孤独症谱系障碍相关行为关系的出生队列研究. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2019, 21(4): 332-336.
22. Saunders CR, Ramesh A, Shockley DC. Modulation of neurotoxic behavior in F-344 rats by temporal disposition of benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicol Lett, 2002, 129(1-2): 33-45.
23. Wormley DD, Ramesh A, Hood DB. Environmental contaminant-mixture effects on CNS development, plasticity, and behavior. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2004, 197(1): 49-65.
24. Peterson BS, Rauh VA, Bansal R, et al. Effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on the development of brain white matter, cognition, and behavior in later childhood. JAMA Psychiatry, 2015, 72(6): 531-540.
25. Patel B, Das SK, Das S, et al. Neonatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene induces oxidative stress causing altered hippocampal cytomorphometry and behavior during early adolescence period of male Wistar rats. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2016, 50: 7-15.
26. Sram RJ, Veleminsky M, Jr. , Veleminsky M, Sr. , et al. The impact of air pollution to central nervous system in children and adults. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2017, 38(6): 389-396.
27. Guo J, Riley KW, Durham T, et al. Association studies of environmental exposures, DNA methylation and children's cognitive, behavioral, and mental health problems. Front Genet, 2022, 13: 871820.
28. Margolis AE, Liu R, Conceição VA, et al. Convergent neural correlates of prenatal exposure to air pollution and behavioral phenotypes of risk for internalizing and externalizing problems: Potential biological and cognitive pathways. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2022, 137: 104645.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and emotion and behaviors in children and adolescents: a systematic review

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