Best evidence of non-pharmacological interventions in community elderly with sarcopenia_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

XU Jun ^1,2 , GAO Yanan ² , XU Yaxin ¹ , YAO Ting ² ,  CHEN Yamei ³

1. Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China;
2. Department of Gastroenterology, Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China;
3. Department of Nursing, Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CHEN Yamei, Email: yake2023@163.com

Keywords：

Community; Elderly; Sarcopenia; Non-pharmacological intervention; Evidence-based nursing

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202405123

Video：

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Objective To evaluate and summarize the evidence related to non-pharmacological interventions in community-dwelling elderly with sarcopenia and to provide an evidence-based basis for guiding community health professionals to effectively manage older patients with sarcopenia. Methods We searched all evidence about non-pharmacological interventions in community-dwelling elderly with sarcopenia from BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Infobase, American Society for Nutrition, Australian JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Centre Database, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP Databases. The types of literature included guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews, evidence summaries and meta-analyses. The retrieval time ranged from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2024. Results A total of 14 publications were included, including 2 guidelines, 3 expert consensuses, and 9 systematic reviews. Twenty-four pieces of evidence were summarized in 3 areas, including screening, assessment, and non-pharmacological interventions for sarcopenia. Conclusion We summarize the best evidence for initial screening, systematic assessment, and comprehensive non-pharmacological interventions for elderly patients with sarcopenia in the community, and provide a guidance and reference for community medical staff to efficiently manage elderly patients with sarcopenia.

1.	Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing, 2010, 39(4): 412-423.
2.	Chen Z, Li WY, Ho M, et al. The prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults: meta-analysis and meta-regression. Nutrients, 2021, 13(5): 1441.
3.	罗旺辉, 魏琳, 梁好, 等. 基于队列研究社区老年肌少症发病率及危险因素的Meta分析. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2022, 28(3): 426-433.
4.	刘娟, 丁清清, 周白瑜, 等. 中国老年人肌少症诊疗专家共识(2021). 中华老年医学杂志, 2021, 40(8): 943-952.
5.	顾莺, 张慧文, 周英凤, 等. JBI循证卫生保健中心关于不同类型研究的质量评价工具—系统评价的方法学质量评价. 护士进修杂志, 2018, 33(8): 701-703.
6.	沈妍交, 郝秋奎, 张蒙, 等. 老年肌少症综合干预循证临床实践指南. 中国循证医学杂志, 2024, 24(4): 378-384.
7.	中国老年护理联盟, 中南大学湘雅护理学院(中南大学湘雅泛海健康管理研究院), 中南大学湘雅医院(国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心), 等. 营养不良老年人非药物干预临床实践指南. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(17): 2055-2069.
8.	崔华, 王朝晖, 吴剑卿, 等. 老年人肌少症防控干预中国专家共识(2023). 中华老年医学杂志, 2023, 42(2): 144-153.
9.	浙江省医学会肿瘤营养与治疗学分会, 浙江省医师协会营养医师专业委员会, 浙江省医学会肠外肠内营养学分会, 等. 老年患者营养诊疗专家共识. 浙江医学, 2023, 45(2): 113-120.
10.	Chen LK, Arai H, Assantachai P, et al. Roles of nutrition in muscle health of community-dwelling older adults: evidence-based expert consensus from Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2022, 13(3): 1653-1672.
11.	Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Lorenzo-Nocino MF, Afanador-Restrepo DF, et al. Effects of different intervention combined with resistance training on musculoskeletal health in older male adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review. Front Public Health, 2023, 10: 1037464.
12.	Cornish SM, Cordingley DM, Shaw KA, et al. Effects of omega-3 supplementation alone and combined with resistance exercise on skeletal muscle in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 2022, 14(11): 2221.
13.	Wang H, Huang WY, Zhao Y. Efficacy of exercise on muscle function and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(13): 8212.
14.	Beckwée D, Delaere A, Aelbrecht S, et al. Exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. a systematic umbrella review. J Nutr Health Aging, 2019, 23(6): 494-502.
15.	Li ML, Kor PP, Sui YF, et al. Health maintenance through home-based interventions for community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol, 2023, 174: 112128.
16.	Mareschal J, Genton L, Collet TH, et al. Nutritional intervention to prevent the functional decline in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Nutrients, 2020, 12(9): 2820.
17.	Zhao H, Cheng R, Song G, et al. The effect of resistance training on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with sarcopenia: a meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(23): 15491.
18.	Zanini B, Simonetto A, Zubani M, et al. The effects of cow-milk protein supplementation in elderly population: systematic review and narrative synthesis. Nutrients, 2020, 12(9): 2548.
19.	Liao CD, Chen HC, Huang SW, et al. The role of muscle mass gain following protein supplementation plus exercise therapy in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty risks: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized trials. Nutrients, 2019, 11(8): 1713.
20.	黄宏兴, 史晓林, 李盛华, 等. 肌少-骨质疏松症专家共识. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2022, 28(11): 1561-1570.
21.	苏琳, 曹立, 海珊, 等. SARC-F量表及其改良版用于社区老人肌少症评估的筛查和诊断价值研究. 实用老年医学, 2020, 34(11): 1132-1137.
22.	Yang M, Hu X, Xie L, et al. Screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: SARC-F vs. SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF). J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2018, 19(3): 277.
23.	Zanker J, Sim M, Anderson K, et al. Consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, diagnosis and management in Australia and New Zealand. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2023, 14(1): 142-156.
24.	中华医学会老年医学分会, 《中华老年医学杂志》编辑委员会. 老年人肌少症口服营养补充中国专家共识(2019). 中华老年医学杂志, 2019, 38(11): 1193-1197.
25.	Munk T, Tolstrup U, Beck AM, et al. Individualised dietary counselling for nutritionally at-risk older patients following discharge from acute hospital to home: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet, 2016, 29(2): 196-208.
26.	Granic A, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Dietary patterns, skeletal muscle health, and sarcopenia in older adults. Nutrients, 2019, 11(4): 745.
27.	Shi Y, Stanmore E, McGarrigle L, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open, 2023, 13(2): e067079.
28.	Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr, 2019, 38(1): 10-47.
29.	Rondanelli M, Klersy C, Terracol G, et al. Whey protein, amino acids, and vitamin D supplementation with physical activity increases fat-free mass and strength, functionality, and quality of life and decreases inflammation in sarcopenic elderly. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016, 103(3): 830-840.
30.	Shen Y, Shi Q, Nong K, et al. Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2023, 14(3): 1199-1211.
31.	Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, et al. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. Br J Sports Med, 2018, 52(6): 376-384.
32.	Rogeri PS, Zanella R, Martins GL, et al. Strategies to prevent sarcopenia in the aging process: role of protein intake and exercise. Nutrients, 2021, 14(1): 52.
33.	王鑫, 李诺, 梁诗雨, 等. 老年肌少症患者血流限制训练的最佳证据总结. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(10): 1187-1194.
34.	梁博, 魏玥, 裴丽君. 社区环境对中国中老年人可能肌少症的影响研究. 人口与发展, 2023, 29(6): 88-99.

1. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing, 2010, 39(4): 412-423.
2. Chen Z, Li WY, Ho M, et al. The prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults: meta-analysis and meta-regression. Nutrients, 2021, 13(5): 1441.
3. 罗旺辉, 魏琳, 梁好, 等. 基于队列研究社区老年肌少症发病率及危险因素的Meta分析. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2022, 28(3): 426-433.
4. 刘娟, 丁清清, 周白瑜, 等. 中国老年人肌少症诊疗专家共识(2021). 中华老年医学杂志, 2021, 40(8): 943-952.
5. 顾莺, 张慧文, 周英凤, 等. JBI循证卫生保健中心关于不同类型研究的质量评价工具—系统评价的方法学质量评价. 护士进修杂志, 2018, 33(8): 701-703.
6. 沈妍交, 郝秋奎, 张蒙, 等. 老年肌少症综合干预循证临床实践指南. 中国循证医学杂志, 2024, 24(4): 378-384.
7. 中国老年护理联盟, 中南大学湘雅护理学院(中南大学湘雅泛海健康管理研究院), 中南大学湘雅医院(国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心), 等. 营养不良老年人非药物干预临床实践指南. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(17): 2055-2069.
8. 崔华, 王朝晖, 吴剑卿, 等. 老年人肌少症防控干预中国专家共识(2023). 中华老年医学杂志, 2023, 42(2): 144-153.
9. 浙江省医学会肿瘤营养与治疗学分会, 浙江省医师协会营养医师专业委员会, 浙江省医学会肠外肠内营养学分会, 等. 老年患者营养诊疗专家共识. 浙江医学, 2023, 45(2): 113-120.
10. Chen LK, Arai H, Assantachai P, et al. Roles of nutrition in muscle health of community-dwelling older adults: evidence-based expert consensus from Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2022, 13(3): 1653-1672.
11. Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Lorenzo-Nocino MF, Afanador-Restrepo DF, et al. Effects of different intervention combined with resistance training on musculoskeletal health in older male adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review. Front Public Health, 2023, 10: 1037464.
12. Cornish SM, Cordingley DM, Shaw KA, et al. Effects of omega-3 supplementation alone and combined with resistance exercise on skeletal muscle in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 2022, 14(11): 2221.
13. Wang H, Huang WY, Zhao Y. Efficacy of exercise on muscle function and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(13): 8212.
14. Beckwée D, Delaere A, Aelbrecht S, et al. Exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. a systematic umbrella review. J Nutr Health Aging, 2019, 23(6): 494-502.
15. Li ML, Kor PP, Sui YF, et al. Health maintenance through home-based interventions for community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol, 2023, 174: 112128.
16. Mareschal J, Genton L, Collet TH, et al. Nutritional intervention to prevent the functional decline in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Nutrients, 2020, 12(9): 2820.
17. Zhao H, Cheng R, Song G, et al. The effect of resistance training on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with sarcopenia: a meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(23): 15491.
18. Zanini B, Simonetto A, Zubani M, et al. The effects of cow-milk protein supplementation in elderly population: systematic review and narrative synthesis. Nutrients, 2020, 12(9): 2548.
19. Liao CD, Chen HC, Huang SW, et al. The role of muscle mass gain following protein supplementation plus exercise therapy in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty risks: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized trials. Nutrients, 2019, 11(8): 1713.
20. 黄宏兴, 史晓林, 李盛华, 等. 肌少-骨质疏松症专家共识. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2022, 28(11): 1561-1570.
21. 苏琳, 曹立, 海珊, 等. SARC-F量表及其改良版用于社区老人肌少症评估的筛查和诊断价值研究. 实用老年医学, 2020, 34(11): 1132-1137.
22. Yang M, Hu X, Xie L, et al. Screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: SARC-F vs. SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF). J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2018, 19(3): 277.
23. Zanker J, Sim M, Anderson K, et al. Consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, diagnosis and management in Australia and New Zealand. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2023, 14(1): 142-156.
24. 中华医学会老年医学分会, 《中华老年医学杂志》编辑委员会. 老年人肌少症口服营养补充中国专家共识(2019). 中华老年医学杂志, 2019, 38(11): 1193-1197.
25. Munk T, Tolstrup U, Beck AM, et al. Individualised dietary counselling for nutritionally at-risk older patients following discharge from acute hospital to home: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet, 2016, 29(2): 196-208.
26. Granic A, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Dietary patterns, skeletal muscle health, and sarcopenia in older adults. Nutrients, 2019, 11(4): 745.
27. Shi Y, Stanmore E, McGarrigle L, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open, 2023, 13(2): e067079.
28. Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr, 2019, 38(1): 10-47.
29. Rondanelli M, Klersy C, Terracol G, et al. Whey protein, amino acids, and vitamin D supplementation with physical activity increases fat-free mass and strength, functionality, and quality of life and decreases inflammation in sarcopenic elderly. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016, 103(3): 830-840.
30. Shen Y, Shi Q, Nong K, et al. Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2023, 14(3): 1199-1211.
31. Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, et al. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. Br J Sports Med, 2018, 52(6): 376-384.
32. Rogeri PS, Zanella R, Martins GL, et al. Strategies to prevent sarcopenia in the aging process: role of protein intake and exercise. Nutrients, 2021, 14(1): 52.
33. 王鑫, 李诺, 梁诗雨, 等. 老年肌少症患者血流限制训练的最佳证据总结. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(10): 1187-1194.
34. 梁博, 魏玥, 裴丽君. 社区环境对中国中老年人可能肌少症的影响研究. 人口与发展, 2023, 29(6): 88-99.

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