伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫患儿的行为认知_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

 肖风来 ,  周东

四川大学华西医院神经内科, 成都, 610041;

Corresponding author：

周东, Email: zhoudong66@yahoo.de

Keywords：

伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫; 儿童; 行为认知

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.20160045

Video：

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越来越多的文献提示伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫患儿认知问题表现低于同龄正常儿童, 虽然有大量临床和影像学研究探讨过抗癫痫药物、发作间期放电等因素对患儿行为认知情况的影响, 但是发作间期放电的抑制程度与患儿行为认知恢复水平之间的关系并没有得到确切的结论, 通过查阅最近伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫患儿相关临床和影像学文献, 探讨抗癫痫药物、发作间期放电等相关因素对患儿行为认知的影响

Citation： 肖风来, 周东. 伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫患儿的行为认知. Journal of Epilepsy, 2016, 2(3): 242-246. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.20160045 Copy

1.	Guerrini R, Pellacani S. Benign childhood focal epilepsies. Epilepsia, 2012, 53(7):9-18.
2.	Wirrell EC. Benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia, 2007, 39(Suppl 1):32-41.
3.	Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1989, 30(5):389-399.
4.	Kellaway P. The electroencephalographic features of benign centrotemporal (rolandic) epilepsy of childhood. Epilepsia, 2000, 41(3):1053-1056.
5.	Panayiotopoulos CP, Michael M, Sanders S, et al. Benign childhood focal epilepsies:assessment of established and newly recognized syndromes. Brain, 2008, 131(8):2264-2286.
6.	Camfield CS, Camfield PR. Rolandic epilepsy has little effect on adult life 30 years later:a population-based study. Neurology, 2014, 82(13):1162-1166.
7.	Datta AN, Oser N, Bauder F, et al. Cognitive impairment and cortical reorganization in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(10):487-494.
8.	Kim EH, Yum MS, Kim HW, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and attention impairment in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 37(6):54-58.
9.	Kavros PM, Clarke T, Strug LJ, et al. Attention impairment in rolandic epilepsy:systematic review. Epilepsia, 2008, 49(8):1570-1580.
10.	Piccinelli P, Borgatti R, Aldini A, et al. Academic performance in children with rolandic epilepsy. Developmental Medicine Child Neurology, 2008, 50(4):353-356.
11.	Samaitien R, Norkūnien J, Tumien B, et al. Sleep and behavioral problems in rolandic epilepsy. Pediatric Neurology, 2013, 48(9):115-122.
12.	Nicolai J, Aldenkamp AP, Arends J, et al. Cognitive and behavioral effects of nocturnal epileptiform discharges in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006, 8(6):56-70.
13.	Monjauze C, Broadbent H, Boyd SG, et al. Language deficits and altered hemispheric lateralization in young people in remission from BECTS. Epilepsia, 2011, 52(5):79-83.
14.	Riva D, Vago C, Franceschetti S, et al. Intellectual and language findings and their relationship to EEG characteristics in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2007, 10(5):278-285.
15.	Pinton F, Ducot B, Motte J, et al. Cognitive functions in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Epileptic Disord, 2006, 8(2):11-23.
16.	Tedrus GMAS, Fonseca LC, Melo EMV, et al. Educational problems related to quantitative EEG changes in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2009, 15(5):486-490.
17.	Northcott E, Connolly AM, Berroya A, et al. The neuropsychological and language profile of children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2005, 46(6):924-930.
18.	Jurkeviciene G, Endziniene M, Laukiene I, et al. Association of language dysfunction and age of onset of benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes in children. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2012, 16(3):653-661.
19.	Overvliet GM, Aldenkamp AP, Klinkenberg S, et al. Correlation between language impairment and problems in motor development in children with rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2011, 22(7):527-531.
20.	Ebus S, Arends J, Hendriksen J, et al. Cognitive effects of interictal epileptiform discharges in children. EurJPaediatr Neurol, 2012, 16(8):697-706.
21.	Verrotti A, Filippini M, Matricardi S, et al. Memory impairment and benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spike (BECTS):a growing suspicion. Brain and Cognition, 2014, 84(3):123-131.
22.	Goldberg-Stern H, Gonen OM, Sadeh M, et al. Neuropsychological aspects of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Seizure, 2010, 19(8):12-16.
23.	Hermann BP, Dabbs K, Becker T, et al. Brain development in children with new onset epilepsy:a prospective controlled cohort investigation. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(5):2038-2046.
24.	Masur D, Shinnar S, Cnaan A, et al. Pretreatment cognitive deficits and treatment effects on attention in childhood absence epilepsy. Neurology, 2013, 81(6):1572-1580.
25.	Vannest J, Tenney JR, Gelineau-Morel R, et al. Cognitive and behavioral outcomes in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2015, 53(6):1-7.
26.	Eom S, Eun SH, Kang HC, et al. Epilepsy-related clinical factors and psychosocial functions in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 37(9):43-48.
27.	Sánchez-Carpintero R, Neville BGR. Attentional ability in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2003, 44(8):1340-1349.
28.	Smith AB, Kavros PM, Clarke T, et al. A neurocognitive endophenotype associated with rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2012, 53(6):705-711.
29.	Lillywhite LM, Saling MM, Simon Harvey A, et al. Neuropsychological and functional MRI studies provide converging evidence of anterior language dysfunction in BECTS. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(8):2276-2284.
30.	Vannest J, Szaflarski JP, Eaton KP, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals changes in language localization in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. J Child Neurol, 2013, 28(7):435-445.
31.	Besseling RMH, Jansen JFA, Overvliet GM, et al. Reduced functional integration of the sensorimotor and language network in rolandic epilepsy. Neuroimage (Amst), 2013, 2(1):239-246.
32.	Oser N, Hubacher M, Specht K, et al. Default mode network alterations during language task performance in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 33(5):12-17.
33.	Xiao F, Li L, An D, et al. Altered attention networks in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS):A resting-state fMRI study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2015, 43(11):234-241.
34.	Ciumas C, Saignavongs M, Ilski F, et al. White matter development in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes. Brain, 2014, 137(12):1095-1106.
35.	Xiao F, Chen Q, Yu X, et al. Hemispheric lateralization of microstructural white matter abnormalities in children with active benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS):a preliminary DTI study. Journal of The Neurological Sciences, 2013, 336(20):171-179.
36.	Pardoe HR, Berg AT, Archer JS, et al. A neurodevelopmental basis for BECTS:evidence from structural MRI. Epilepsy Res, 2013, 105(80):133-139.
37.	Monjauze C, Khomsi A. Language in benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes abbreviated form:Rolandic epilepsy and language. Brain and Language, 2005, 92(6):300-308.
38.	Völkl-Kernstock S, Bauch-Prater S, Ponocny-Seliger E, et al. Speech and school performance in children with benign partial epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS). Seizure, 2009, 18(3):32320-32326.
39.	Callenbach PMC, Bouma PAD, Geerts AT, et al. Long term outcome of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes:dutch study of epilepsy in childhood. Seizure, 2010, 19(2):501-506.
40.	Bedoin N, Herbillon V, Lamoury I, et al. Hemispheric lateralization of cognitive functions in children with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006, 26(9):268-274.
41.	Bedoin N, Ferragne E, Lopez C, et al. Atypical hemispheric asymmetries for the processing of phonological features in children with rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2011, 21(5):42-51.
42.	Samaitien R, Norkūnien J, Jurkevič ien G, et al. Behavioral problems in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes treated and untreated with antiepileptic drugs. Medicina (Kaunas), 2012, 48(11):338-344.
43.	Xiao F, An D, Chen S, et al. Clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features associated with refractoriness in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. J Child Neurol, 2015, 30(12):1591-1597.
44.	Ebus SCM, Overvliet GM, Arends JBAM, et al. Reading performance in children with rolandic epilepsy correlates with nocturnal epileptiform activity, but not with epileptiform activity while awake. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2011, 22(8):518-522.
45.	Sarco DP, Boyer K, Lundy-Krigbaum SM, et al. Benign rolandic epileptiform discharges are associated with mood and behavior problems. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2011, 22(9):298-303.
46.	Hermann B. Children with new-onset epilepsy:neuropsychological status and brain structure. Brain, 2006, 129(13):2609-2619.
47.	Lin JJ, Mula M, Hermann BP. Uncovering the neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy over the lifespan. The Lancet, 2012, 380(4):1180-1192.
48.	Riva D, Pantaleoni C, Milani N, et al. Hemispheric specialization in children with unilateral epileptic focus, with and without computed tomography-demonstrated lesion. Epilepsia, 1993, 34(7):69-73.
49.	Wolff M, Weiskopf N, Serra E, et al. Benign partial epilepsy in childhood:selective cognitive deficits are related to the location of focal spikes determined by combined EEG/MEG. Epilepsia, 2005, 46(10):1661-1667.
50.	Fonseca LC, Tedrus GMAS, de Moraes C, et al. Epileptiform abnormalities and quantitative EEG in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 2008, 66:462-467.
51.	Vinayan KP, Biji V, Thomas SV. Educational problems with underlying neuropsychological impairment are common in children with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Seizure, 2005, 14(7):207-212.
52.	肖风来, 安东梅, 陈司瀚, 等.耐药性伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫的可预测危险因素探究.癫痫杂志, 2015, 1(2):123-126.
53.	Hughes JR. Benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS):to treat or not to treat, that is the question. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2010, 19(2):197-203.
54.	Perkins FF, Breier J, McManis MH, et al. Benign Rolandic Epilepsy——Perhaps Not So Benign:Use of Magnetic Source Imaging as a Predictor of Outcome. J Child Neurol 2008, 23:389-393.
55.	Deonna T, Zesiger P, Davidoff V, et al. Benign partial epilepsy of childhood:a longitudinal neuropsychological and EEG study of cognitive function. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2000, 42:595-603.
56.	Bedoin N, Ciumas C, Lopez C, et al. Disengagement and inhibition of visual-spatial attention are differently impaired in children with rolandic epilepsy and panayiotopoulos syndrome. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2012, 25(4):81-91.
57.	Kanemura H, Hata S, Aoyagi K, et al. Serial changes of prefrontal lobe growth in the patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes presenting with cognitive impairments/behavioral problems. Brain and Development, 2011, 33(9):106-113.
58.	Besseling RMH, Overvliet GM, Jansen JFA, et al. Aberrant functional connectivity between motor and language networks in rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy Res, 2013, 107(8):253-262.
59.	Overvliet GM, Besseling RMH, Jansen JFA, et al. Early onset of cortical thinning in children with rolandic epilepsy. YNICL, 2013, 2(2):434-439.
60.	Fejerman N, Caraballo R, Tenembaum SN. Atypical evolutions of benign localization-related epilepsies in children:are they predictable?. Epilepsia, 2000, 41(Suppl 2):380-390.
61.	Fejerman N. Atypical rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(9):9-12.
62.	Datta AN, Oser N, Ramelli GP, et al. BECTS evolving to Landau-Kleffner syndrome and back by subsequent recovery:a longitudinal language reorganization case study using fMRI, source EEG, and neuropsychological testing. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2013, 27(7):107-114.
63.	Kang HC, Eun BL, Wu Lee C, et al. The effects on cognitive function and behavioral problems of topiramate compared to carbamazepine as monotherapy for children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2007, 48(12):1716-1723.
64.	Wirrell E, Sherman EM, Vanmastrigt R, et al. Deterioration in cognitive func-tion in children with benign epilepsy of childhood with central temporal spikes treated with sulthiame. J Child Neurol, 2008, 23(110):14-21.
65.	Baglietto MG, Battaglia FM, Nobili L, et al. Neuropsychological disorders related to interictal epileptic discharges during sleep in benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal or rolandic spikes. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2001, 43(8):407-412.

1. Guerrini R, Pellacani S. Benign childhood focal epilepsies. Epilepsia, 2012, 53(7):9-18.
2. Wirrell EC. Benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia, 2007, 39(Suppl 1):32-41.
3. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1989, 30(5):389-399.
4. Kellaway P. The electroencephalographic features of benign centrotemporal (rolandic) epilepsy of childhood. Epilepsia, 2000, 41(3):1053-1056.
5. Panayiotopoulos CP, Michael M, Sanders S, et al. Benign childhood focal epilepsies:assessment of established and newly recognized syndromes. Brain, 2008, 131(8):2264-2286.
6. Camfield CS, Camfield PR. Rolandic epilepsy has little effect on adult life 30 years later:a population-based study. Neurology, 2014, 82(13):1162-1166.
7. Datta AN, Oser N, Bauder F, et al. Cognitive impairment and cortical reorganization in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(10):487-494.
8. Kim EH, Yum MS, Kim HW, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and attention impairment in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 37(6):54-58.
9. Kavros PM, Clarke T, Strug LJ, et al. Attention impairment in rolandic epilepsy:systematic review. Epilepsia, 2008, 49(8):1570-1580.
10. Piccinelli P, Borgatti R, Aldini A, et al. Academic performance in children with rolandic epilepsy. Developmental Medicine Child Neurology, 2008, 50(4):353-356.
11. Samaitien R, Norkūnien J, Tumien B, et al. Sleep and behavioral problems in rolandic epilepsy. Pediatric Neurology, 2013, 48(9):115-122.
12. Nicolai J, Aldenkamp AP, Arends J, et al. Cognitive and behavioral effects of nocturnal epileptiform discharges in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006, 8(6):56-70.
13. Monjauze C, Broadbent H, Boyd SG, et al. Language deficits and altered hemispheric lateralization in young people in remission from BECTS. Epilepsia, 2011, 52(5):79-83.
14. Riva D, Vago C, Franceschetti S, et al. Intellectual and language findings and their relationship to EEG characteristics in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2007, 10(5):278-285.
15. Pinton F, Ducot B, Motte J, et al. Cognitive functions in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Epileptic Disord, 2006, 8(2):11-23.
16. Tedrus GMAS, Fonseca LC, Melo EMV, et al. Educational problems related to quantitative EEG changes in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2009, 15(5):486-490.
17. Northcott E, Connolly AM, Berroya A, et al. The neuropsychological and language profile of children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2005, 46(6):924-930.
18. Jurkeviciene G, Endziniene M, Laukiene I, et al. Association of language dysfunction and age of onset of benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes in children. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2012, 16(3):653-661.
19. Overvliet GM, Aldenkamp AP, Klinkenberg S, et al. Correlation between language impairment and problems in motor development in children with rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2011, 22(7):527-531.
20. Ebus S, Arends J, Hendriksen J, et al. Cognitive effects of interictal epileptiform discharges in children. EurJPaediatr Neurol, 2012, 16(8):697-706.
21. Verrotti A, Filippini M, Matricardi S, et al. Memory impairment and benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spike (BECTS):a growing suspicion. Brain and Cognition, 2014, 84(3):123-131.
22. Goldberg-Stern H, Gonen OM, Sadeh M, et al. Neuropsychological aspects of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Seizure, 2010, 19(8):12-16.
23. Hermann BP, Dabbs K, Becker T, et al. Brain development in children with new onset epilepsy:a prospective controlled cohort investigation. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(5):2038-2046.
24. Masur D, Shinnar S, Cnaan A, et al. Pretreatment cognitive deficits and treatment effects on attention in childhood absence epilepsy. Neurology, 2013, 81(6):1572-1580.
25. Vannest J, Tenney JR, Gelineau-Morel R, et al. Cognitive and behavioral outcomes in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2015, 53(6):1-7.
26. Eom S, Eun SH, Kang HC, et al. Epilepsy-related clinical factors and psychosocial functions in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 37(9):43-48.
27. Sánchez-Carpintero R, Neville BGR. Attentional ability in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2003, 44(8):1340-1349.
28. Smith AB, Kavros PM, Clarke T, et al. A neurocognitive endophenotype associated with rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2012, 53(6):705-711.
29. Lillywhite LM, Saling MM, Simon Harvey A, et al. Neuropsychological and functional MRI studies provide converging evidence of anterior language dysfunction in BECTS. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(8):2276-2284.
30. Vannest J, Szaflarski JP, Eaton KP, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals changes in language localization in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. J Child Neurol, 2013, 28(7):435-445.
31. Besseling RMH, Jansen JFA, Overvliet GM, et al. Reduced functional integration of the sensorimotor and language network in rolandic epilepsy. Neuroimage (Amst), 2013, 2(1):239-246.
32. Oser N, Hubacher M, Specht K, et al. Default mode network alterations during language task performance in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 33(5):12-17.
33. Xiao F, Li L, An D, et al. Altered attention networks in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS):A resting-state fMRI study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2015, 43(11):234-241.
34. Ciumas C, Saignavongs M, Ilski F, et al. White matter development in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes. Brain, 2014, 137(12):1095-1106.
35. Xiao F, Chen Q, Yu X, et al. Hemispheric lateralization of microstructural white matter abnormalities in children with active benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS):a preliminary DTI study. Journal of The Neurological Sciences, 2013, 336(20):171-179.
36. Pardoe HR, Berg AT, Archer JS, et al. A neurodevelopmental basis for BECTS:evidence from structural MRI. Epilepsy Res, 2013, 105(80):133-139.
37. Monjauze C, Khomsi A. Language in benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes abbreviated form:Rolandic epilepsy and language. Brain and Language, 2005, 92(6):300-308.
38. Völkl-Kernstock S, Bauch-Prater S, Ponocny-Seliger E, et al. Speech and school performance in children with benign partial epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS). Seizure, 2009, 18(3):32320-32326.
39. Callenbach PMC, Bouma PAD, Geerts AT, et al. Long term outcome of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes:dutch study of epilepsy in childhood. Seizure, 2010, 19(2):501-506.
40. Bedoin N, Herbillon V, Lamoury I, et al. Hemispheric lateralization of cognitive functions in children with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006, 26(9):268-274.
41. Bedoin N, Ferragne E, Lopez C, et al. Atypical hemispheric asymmetries for the processing of phonological features in children with rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2011, 21(5):42-51.
42. Samaitien R, Norkūnien J, Jurkevič ien G, et al. Behavioral problems in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes treated and untreated with antiepileptic drugs. Medicina (Kaunas), 2012, 48(11):338-344.
43. Xiao F, An D, Chen S, et al. Clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features associated with refractoriness in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. J Child Neurol, 2015, 30(12):1591-1597.
44. Ebus SCM, Overvliet GM, Arends JBAM, et al. Reading performance in children with rolandic epilepsy correlates with nocturnal epileptiform activity, but not with epileptiform activity while awake. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2011, 22(8):518-522.
45. Sarco DP, Boyer K, Lundy-Krigbaum SM, et al. Benign rolandic epileptiform discharges are associated with mood and behavior problems. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2011, 22(9):298-303.
46. Hermann B. Children with new-onset epilepsy:neuropsychological status and brain structure. Brain, 2006, 129(13):2609-2619.
47. Lin JJ, Mula M, Hermann BP. Uncovering the neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy over the lifespan. The Lancet, 2012, 380(4):1180-1192.
48. Riva D, Pantaleoni C, Milani N, et al. Hemispheric specialization in children with unilateral epileptic focus, with and without computed tomography-demonstrated lesion. Epilepsia, 1993, 34(7):69-73.
49. Wolff M, Weiskopf N, Serra E, et al. Benign partial epilepsy in childhood:selective cognitive deficits are related to the location of focal spikes determined by combined EEG/MEG. Epilepsia, 2005, 46(10):1661-1667.
50. Fonseca LC, Tedrus GMAS, de Moraes C, et al. Epileptiform abnormalities and quantitative EEG in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 2008, 66:462-467.
51. Vinayan KP, Biji V, Thomas SV. Educational problems with underlying neuropsychological impairment are common in children with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Seizure, 2005, 14(7):207-212.
52. 肖风来, 安东梅, 陈司瀚, 等.耐药性伴中央颞区棘波儿童良性癫痫的可预测危险因素探究.癫痫杂志, 2015, 1(2):123-126.
53. Hughes JR. Benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS):to treat or not to treat, that is the question. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2010, 19(2):197-203.
54. Perkins FF, Breier J, McManis MH, et al. Benign Rolandic Epilepsy——Perhaps Not So Benign:Use of Magnetic Source Imaging as a Predictor of Outcome. J Child Neurol 2008, 23:389-393.
55. Deonna T, Zesiger P, Davidoff V, et al. Benign partial epilepsy of childhood:a longitudinal neuropsychological and EEG study of cognitive function. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2000, 42:595-603.
56. Bedoin N, Ciumas C, Lopez C, et al. Disengagement and inhibition of visual-spatial attention are differently impaired in children with rolandic epilepsy and panayiotopoulos syndrome. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2012, 25(4):81-91.
57. Kanemura H, Hata S, Aoyagi K, et al. Serial changes of prefrontal lobe growth in the patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes presenting with cognitive impairments/behavioral problems. Brain and Development, 2011, 33(9):106-113.
58. Besseling RMH, Overvliet GM, Jansen JFA, et al. Aberrant functional connectivity between motor and language networks in rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy Res, 2013, 107(8):253-262.
59. Overvliet GM, Besseling RMH, Jansen JFA, et al. Early onset of cortical thinning in children with rolandic epilepsy. YNICL, 2013, 2(2):434-439.
60. Fejerman N, Caraballo R, Tenembaum SN. Atypical evolutions of benign localization-related epilepsies in children:are they predictable?. Epilepsia, 2000, 41(Suppl 2):380-390.
61. Fejerman N. Atypical rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(9):9-12.
62. Datta AN, Oser N, Ramelli GP, et al. BECTS evolving to Landau-Kleffner syndrome and back by subsequent recovery:a longitudinal language reorganization case study using fMRI, source EEG, and neuropsychological testing. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2013, 27(7):107-114.
63. Kang HC, Eun BL, Wu Lee C, et al. The effects on cognitive function and behavioral problems of topiramate compared to carbamazepine as monotherapy for children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2007, 48(12):1716-1723.
64. Wirrell E, Sherman EM, Vanmastrigt R, et al. Deterioration in cognitive func-tion in children with benign epilepsy of childhood with central temporal spikes treated with sulthiame. J Child Neurol, 2008, 23(110):14-21.
65. Baglietto MG, Battaglia FM, Nobili L, et al. Neuropsychological disorders related to interictal epileptic discharges during sleep in benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal or rolandic spikes. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2001, 43(8):407-412.

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