癫痫的一级预防：一项来自国际抗癫痫联盟预防工作组的报告_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

 David JThurman , Charles EBegley , ArturoCarpio , 张颖颖　译 , 童馨　慕洁　审

Corresponding author：

David JThurman, Email: david.j.thurman@emory.edu

Keywords：

中枢神经系统感染; 流行病学; 病因学; 围产期脑损伤; 预防; 卒中; 脑外伤

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.20190076

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目前导致癫痫的病因中，有些是可以预防的。该综述总结了由此类可预防病因所造成的癫痫的公共卫生负担，并提出了癫痫一级预防的重要性。系统性回顾针对癫痫的 4 种可预防病因的流行病学研究，这些可预防病因分别是围产期损伤、脑外伤、中枢神经系统感染和卒中。通过使用统一的标准，对每项研究进行质量评估，并从满足质量评级标准的研究中提取了相关风险度量的数据，并将这些结果以中位数和四分位数的方式汇总。高质量的基于人群的研究结果显示，在中低收入国家中，所有年龄段的癫痫患病率约为 1.11%，而在高收入国家中约为 0.7%。围产期脑损伤是儿童癫痫中最常见的可预防病因，在中低收入国家中占 17%，在高收入国家中占 15%。在中低收入和高收入国家中，卒中均是老年癫痫患者中最常见的可预防病因，占所有新发癫痫病例的半数及以上，在高收入和中低收入国家中约 5%癫痫是由卒中造成的。在中低收入国家，中枢神经系统感染是较常见的癫痫病因，约占所有癫痫病例的 5%。在一些低收入农村地区和中等收入国家社区中，地方性神经囊虫病所致癫痫占所有癫痫病例的 34%。可预防的病因所致癫痫占癫痫的总体公共卫生负担的很大一部分。在中低收入和高收入国家中，围产期损伤、感染、脑外伤和卒中所致癫痫占所有癫痫的 25%。母婴保健、免疫接种、公共卫生、预防脑损伤和卒中这些公共卫生干预措施有可能会显著减少癫痫负担。

Citation： David JThurman, Charles EBegley, ArturoCarpio, 张颖颖　译, 童馨　慕洁　审. 癫痫的一级预防：一项来自国际抗癫痫联盟预防工作组的报告. Journal of Epilepsy, 2019, 5(6): 467-474. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.20190076 Copy

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1. Ngugi AK, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, et al. Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(5): 883-890.
2. Choong CJ, Baba K, Mochizuki H. Gene therapy for neurological disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 2016, 16(2): 143-159.
3. Fiest KM, Sauro KM, Wiebe S, et al. Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of international studies. Neurology, 2017, 88: 296-303.
4. Covanis A, Guekht A, Li S, et al. From global campaign to global commitment: The World Health Assembly's Resolution on epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2015, 56(11): 1651-1657.
5. Smith BJ, Tang KC, Nutbeam D. WHO health promotion glossary: new terms. Health Promot Int, 2006, 21(4): 340-345.
6. Mani R, Pollard J, Dichter MA. Human clinical trails in antiepileptogenesis. Neurosci Lett, 2011, 497(3): 251-256.
7. Thompson K, Pohlmann-Eden B, Campbell LA, et al. Pharmacological treatments for preventing epilepsy following traumatic head injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 211(8): CD009900.
8. Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(4): 512-521.
9. Ngugi AK, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, et al. Prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and associated risk factors: cross-sectional and case-control studies. Lancet Neurol, 2013, 12(3): 253-263.
10. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med, 2009, 151(5): 264-269, W264.
11. Cruz ME, Schantz PM, Cruz I, et al. Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in an Andean community. Int J Epidemiol, 1999, 28(4): 799-803.
12. Del Brutto OH, Santibáñez R, Idrovo L, et al. Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador. Epilepsia, 2005, 46(4): 583-587.
13. Goel D, Dhanai JS, Agarwal A, et al. Neurocysticercosis and its impact on crude prevalence rate of epilepsy in an Indian community. Neurol India, 2011, 59(1): 37-40.
14. Guekht A, Hauser WA, Milchakova L, et al. The epidemiology of epilepsy in the Russian federation. Epilepsy Res, 2010, 92(2-3): 209-218.
15. Khedr EM, Shawky OA, Ahmed MA, et al. A community based epidemiological study of epilepsy in Assiut Governorate/Egypt. Epilepsy Res, 2013, 103(2-3): 294-302.
16. Ma GY, Li ZQ, Lu S, et al. Survey of etiological factors of epilepsy in Mudanjian rural population by randomly cluster sampling. Chin J Clin Rehab, 2004, 8(1): 3178-3179.
17. Matuja WB, Kilonzo G, Mbena P, et al. Risk factors for epilepsy in a rural area in Tanzania: a community-based case-control study. Neuroepidemiology, 2001, 20(4): 242-247.
18. Medina MT, Durón RM, Martínez L, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and etiology of epilepsies in rural Honduras: the Salamá Study. Epilepsia, 2005, 46(1): 124-131.
19. Moyano LM, Saito M, Montano SM, et al. Neurocysticercosis as a cause of epilepsy and seizures in two community-based studies in a cysticercosis-endemic region in Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014, 8(2): e2692.
20. Mwape KE, Blocher J, Wiefek J, et al. Prevalence of neurocysticercosis in people with epilepsy in the Eastern Province of Zambia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015, 9(8): e0003972.
21. Njamnshi AK, Sini V, Djientcheu VDP, et al. Risk factors associated with epilepsy in a rural area in Cameroon: a preliminary study. Afr J Neuol Sci, 200, 26(3): 18-26.
22. Rajshekhar V, Raghava MV, Prabhakaran V, et al. Active epilepsy as an index of burden of neurocysticercosis in Vellore district, India. Neurology, 2006, 67(12): 2135-2139.
23. Ablah E, Hesdorffer DC, Liu Y, et al. Prevalence of epilepsy in rural Kansas. Epilepsy Res, 2014, 108(4): 792-801.
24. Fernández-Suárez E, Villa-Estébanez R, Garcia-Martinez A, et al. Prevalence, type of epilepsy and use of antiepileptic drugs in primary care. Rev Neurol, 2015, 60(12): 535-542.
25. Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940-1980. Epilepsia, 1991, 32(4): 429-445.
26. Josipovic-Jelic Z, Sonicki Z, Soljan I, et al. Prevalence and socioeconomic aspects of epilepsy in the Croatian county of Sibenik-Knin: community-based survey. Epilepsy Behav, 2011, 20(4): 686-690.
27. Syvertsen M, Nakken KO, Edland A, et al. Prevalence and etiology of epilepsy in a Norwegian county—a population based study. Epilepsia, 2015, 56(5): 699-706.
28. Wright J, Pickard N, Whitfield A, et al. A population-based study of the prevalence, clinical characteristics and effect of ethnicity in epilepsy. Seizure, 2000, 9(5): 309-313.
29. Cansu A, Serdaroğlu A, Yüksel D, et al. Prevalence of some risk factors in children with epilepsy compared to their controls. Seizure, 2007, 16(4): 338-344.
30. Kannoth S, Unnikrishnan JP, Santhosh Kumar T, et al. Risk factors for epilepsy: a population-based case-control study in Kerala, southern India. Epilepsy Behav, 2009, 16(1): 58-63.
31. Wagner RG, Ngugi AK, Twine R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for active convulsive epilepsy in rural northeast South Africa. Epilepsy Res, 2014, 108(4): 782-791.
32. Vestergaard M, Pedersen CB, Sidenius P, et al. The long-term risk of epilepsy after febrile seizures in susceptible subgroups. Am J Epidemiol, 2007, 165(8): 911-918.
33. Whitehead E, Dodds L, Joseph KS, et al. Relation of pregnancy and neonatal factors to subsequent development of childhood epilepsy: a population-based cohort study. Pediatrics, 2006, 117(4): 1298-1306.
34. Hesdorffer DC, Ludvigsson P, Olafsson E, et al. ADHD as a risk factor for incident unprovoked seizures and epilepsy in children. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2004, 61(7): 731-736.
35. Murphy DJ, Libby G, Chien P, et al. Cohort study of forceps delivery and the risk of epilepsy in adulthood. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2004, 191(2): 392-397.
36. Ehrenstein V, Sørensen HT, Pedersen L, et al. Apgar score and hospitalization for epilepsy in childhood: a registry-based cohort study. BMC Public Health, 2006, 6: 23.
37. Sun Y, Vestergaard M, Pedersen CB, et al. Apgar scores and long-term risk of epilepsy. Epidemiology, 2006, 17(3): 296-301.
38. Wu CS, Sun Y, Vestergaard M, et al. Preeclampsia and risk for epilepsy in offspring. Pediatrics, 2008, 122(5): 1072-1078.
39. Hussain SA, Haut SR, Lipton RB, et al. Incidence of epilepsy in a racially diverse, community-dwelling, elderly cohort: results from the Einstein aging study. Epilepsy Res, 2006, 71(2-3): 195-205.
40. Su CL, Chang SF, Chen ZY, et al. Neuroepidemiological survey in Ilan, Taiwan (NESIT): prevalence of epilepsy. Acta Neurol Taiwan, 1998, 7(1): 75-84.
41. Tabatabaei SS, Delbari A, Salman-Roghani R, et al. Seizures and epilepsy in elderly patients of an urban area of Iran: clinical manifestation, differential diagnosis, etiology, and epilepsy subtypes. Neurol Sci, 2013, 34(8): 1441-1446.
42. Martin RC, Faught E, Richman J, et al. Psychiatric and neurologic risk factors for incident cases of new-onset epilepsy in older adults: data from U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Epilepsia, 2014, 55(7): 1120-1127.
43. Tchalla AE, Marin B, Mignard C, et al. Newly diagnosed epileptic seizures: focus on an elderly population on the French island of Réunion in the Southern Indian Ocean. Epilepsia, 2011, 52(12): 2203-2208.
44. Li X, Breteler MM, de Bruyne MC, et al. Vascular determinants of epilepsy: the Rotterdam Study. Epilepsia, 1997, 38(11): 1216-1220.
45. Pugh MJ, Knoefel JE, Mortensen EM, et al. New-onset epilepsy risk factors in older veterans. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2009, 57(2): 237-242.
46. Chung TT, Lin CY, Huang WY, et al. Risks of subsequent epilepsy among patients with hypertensive encephalopathy: a nationwide population-based study. Epilepsy Behav, 2013, 29(2): 374-378.
47. Imfeld P, Bodmer M, Schuerch M, et al. Seizures in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia: a population-based nested case-control analysis. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(4): 700-707.
48. Annegers JF, Coan SP. The risks of epilepsy after traumatic brain injury. Seizure, 2000, 9(7): 453-457.
49. Singh G, Bawa J, Chinna D, et al. Association between epilepsy and cysticercosis and toxocariasis: a population-based case-control study in a slum in India. Epilepsia, 2012, 53(12): 2203-2208.
50. Carter JA, Neville BG, White S, et al. Increased prevalence of epilepsy associated with severe falciparum malaria in children. Epilepsia, 2004, 45(8): 978-981.
51. Ngoungou EB, Koko J, Druet-Cabanac M, et al. Cerebral malaria and sequelar epilepsy: first matched case-control study in Gabon. Epilepsia, 2006, 47(12): 2147-2153.
52. Kaiser C, Asaba G, Leichsenring M, et al. High incidence of epilepsy related to onchocerciasis in West Uganda. Epilepsy Res, 1998, 30(3): 247-251.
53. Moller AB, Petzold M, Chou D, et al. Early antenatal care visit: a systematic analysis of regional and global levels and trends of coverage from 1990 to 2013. Lancet Glob Health, 2017, 5(10): e977-e983.
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Journal of Epilepsy

癫痫的一级预防：一项来自国际抗癫痫联盟预防工作组的报告

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