儿童失神癫痫的认知功能损害研究进展_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

孙玉蕾 ,  王小姗

南京医科大学附属脑科医院神经内科（南京 210029）;

Corresponding author：

王小姗, Email: 873734205@qq.com

Keywords：

儿童失神癫痫; 认知功能损害; 早期干预; 改善预后

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.20200086

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

儿童失神癫痫（Childhood absence epilepsy，CAE）是一种常见的儿童癫痫综合征，既往被视为良性癫痫，预后较好。然而，研究发现 CAE 患儿有认知和行为障碍等方面的表现，影响学习和社会适应能力。患儿的长期预后情况并不乐观，需引起关注与重视。文章对既往 CAE 认知功能方面的研究作一综述，讨论受损的认知领域，以及主要影响因素，期待早期评估和干预，以提高患儿的生活质量。

Citation： 孙玉蕾, 王小姗. 儿童失神癫痫的认知功能损害研究进展. Journal of Epilepsy, 2020, 6(6): 523-527. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.20200086 Copy

1.	Kessler SK, McGinnis E. A Practical Guide to Treatment of Childhood Absence Epilepsy. Paediatric drugs, 2019, 21(1): 15-24.
2.	Verrotti A, D'Alonzo R, Rinaldi VE, et al. Childhood absence epilepsy and benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: a narrative review analysis. World J Pediatr, 2017, 13(2): 106-111.
3.	Jackson DC, Jones JE, Hsu DA, et al. Language function in childhood idiopathic epilepsy syndromes. Brain Lang, 2019, 193(1): 4-9.
4.	Abarrategui B, Parejo-Carbonell B, Garcia Garcia ME, et al. The cognitive phenotype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior, 2018, 89(1): 99-104.
5.	Fonseca Wald ELA, Klinkenberg S, Voncken TPC, et al. Cognitive development in absence epilepsy during long-term follow-up. Child Neuropsychol, 2019, 25(8): 1003-1021.
6.	Henkin Y, Sadeh M, Kivity S, et al. Cognitive function in idiopathic generalized epilepsy of childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2005, 47(2): 126-132.
7.	Blumenfeld H. Impaired consciousness in epilepsy. Lancet Neurol, 2012, 11(9): 814-826.
8.	Wang Z, Lariviere S, Xu Q, et al. Community-informed connectomics of the thalamocortical system in generalized epilepsy. Neurology, 2019, 93(11): e1112-e1122.
9.	Cheng D, Yan X, Gao Z, et al. Neurocognitive profiles in childhood absence epilepsy: a focus on cognitive dysfunction associated with the frontal lobe. J Child Neurol, 2017, 32(1): 46-52.
10.	Dosenbach NU, Fair DA, Miezin FM, et al. Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104(26): 11073-11078.
11.	Juliana V Baldo, Sophie Schwartz, David Wilkins, et al. Role of frontal versus temporal cortex in verbal fluency as revealed by voxel-based lesion symptom mapping. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2006, 12(6): 896-900.
12.	Alexander GE, Crutcher MD, DeLong MR. Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions. Prog Brain Res, 1990, 85(2): 119-146.
13.	Crunelli V, Lorincz ML, McCafferty C, et al. Clinical and experimental insight into pathophysiology, comorbidity and therapy of absence seizures. Brain, 2020, 143(8): 2341-2368.
14.	Wandschneider B, Burdett J, Townsend L, et al. Effect of topiramate and zonisamide on fMRI cognitive networks. Neurology, 2017, 88(12): 1165-1171.
15.	Nickels KC, Zaccariello MJ, Hamiwka LD, et al. Cognitive and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in paediatric epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol, 2016, 12(4): 465-476.
16.	Ratcliffe C, Wandschneider B, Baxendale S, et al. Cognitive function in genetic generalized epilepsies: insights from neuropsychology and neuroimaging. Frontiers in neurology, 2020, 11(2): 144.
17.	Mandelbaum DE, Burack GD. The effect of seizure type and medication on cognitive and behavioral functioning in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol, 1997, 39(6): 731-735.
18.	Henshall DC, Simon RP. Epilepsy and apoptosis pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2005, 25(12): 1557-1572.
19.	Miao A, Tang L, Xiang J, et al. Dynamic magnetic source imaging of absence seizure initialization and propagation: a magnetoencephalography study. Epilepsy research, 2014, 108(4): 468-480.
20.	Guo JN, Kim R, Chen Y, et al. Impaired consciousness in patients with absence seizures investigated by functional MRI, EEG, and behavioural measures: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Neurology, 2016, 15(13): 1336-1345.
21.	Helbig I. Genetic causes of generalized epilepsies. Semin Neurol, 2015, 35(3): 288-292.
22.	Chowdhury FA, Elwes RD, Koutroumanidis M, et al. Impaired cognitive function in idiopathic generalized epilepsy and unaffected family members: an epilepsy endophenotype. Epilepsia, 2014, 55(6): 835-840.
23.	Binnie CD. Significance and management of transitory cognitive impairment due to subclinical EEG discharges in children. Brain & development, 1993, 23(1): 23-30.
24.	Austin JK, Huster GA, Dunn DW, et al. Adolescents with active or inactive epilepsy or asthma: a comparison of quality of life. Epilepsia, 1996, 37(10): 1228-1238.
25.	McNelis AM, Dunn DW, Johnson CS, et al. Academic performance in children with new-onset seizures and asthma: a prospective study. Epilepsy & behavior, 2007, 10(3): 311-318.
26.	Oostrom KJ, van Teeseling H, Smeets-Schouten A, et al. Three to four years after diagnosis: cognition and behaviour in children with 'epilepsy only'. A prospective, controlled study. Brain, 2005, 128(Pt 7): 1546-1555.
27.	Ung H, Cazares C, Nanivadekar A, et al. Interictal epileptiform activity outside the seizure onset zone impacts cognition. Brain, 2017, 140(8): 2157-2168.
28.	Vasconcellos E, Wyllie E, Sullivan S, et al. Mental retardation in pediatric candidates for epilepsy surgery: the role of early seizure onset. Epilepsia, 2001, 42(2): 268-274.
29.	Hermann B, Seidenberg M, Bell B, et al. The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Childhood-onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy on Brain Structure and Function. Epilepsia, 2002, 43(6): 1062-1071.
30.	Ben-Ari Y, Holmes GL. Effects of seizures on developmental processes in the immature brain. Lancet Neurol, 2006, 5(12): 1055-1063.
31.	Caplan R, Siddarth P, Vona P, et al. Language in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(12): 2397-2407.
32.	Eskritt M, Lee K. "Remember where you last saw that card": Children's production of external symbols as a memory aid. Developmental Psychology, 2002, 38(3): 254-266.
33.	Lin CCH, Hsiao CK, Chen WJ. Development of Sustained Attention Assessed Using the Continuous Performance Test among Children 6-15 Years of Age. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1999, 27(4): 403-412.
34.	Ronen GM, Meaney BF, Cunningham C. Neuropsychological assessment in children with absence epilepsy. Neurology, 2001, 57(10): 1940.
35.	Verrotti A, Agostinelli S, Olivieri C, et al. Early-onset pure absence epilepsy: a distinct epileptic syndrome. Acta Paediatr, 2011, 100(6): 647-650.
36.	CP P. Typical absence seizures and related epileptic syndromes: assessment of current state and directions for future research. Epilepsia, 2008, 49: 2131-2147.
37.	Seidenberg M, Beck N, Geisser M, et al. Academic achievement of children with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1986, 27(5): 753-759.
38.	Sarkisova K, van Luijtelaar G. The WAG/Rij strain: a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy with comorbidity of depression[corrected]. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2011, 35(4): 854-876.
39.	Austin JK, Huberty TJ, Huster GA, et al. Does academic achievement in children with epilepsy change over time? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1999, 41(3): 473-479.
40.	Dubois CM, Gianella D, Chaves-Vischer V, et al. Speech delay due to a prelinguistic regression of epileptic origin. Neuropediatrics, 2004, 35(1): 50-53.
41.	Mandelbaum DE, Burack GD, Bhise VV. Impact of antiepileptic drugs on cognition, behavior, and motor skills in children with new-onset, idiopathic epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior, 2009, 16(3): 341-344.
42.	Siren A, Kylliainen A, Tenhunen M, et al. Beneficial effects of antiepileptic medication on absence seizures and cognitive functioning in children. Epilepsy & behavior, 2007, 11(1): 85-91.
43.	Bourgeois BF. Antiepileptic drugs, learning, and behavior in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1998, 39(6): 913-921.
44.	Wheless JW, Clarke DF, Carpenter D. Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: expert opinion, 2005. J Child Neurol, 2005, 20(Suppl 1): S1-56; quiz S59-60.
45.	Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology, 2018, 91(1): 74-81.
46.	Trimble MR, Thompson PJ. Anticonvulsant drugs, cognitive function, and behavior. Epilepsia, 1983, 24(Suppl 1): S55-63.
47.	Berg AT, Levy SR, Testa FM, et al. Long-term seizure remission in childhood absence epilepsy: might initial treatment matter? Epilepsia, 2014, 55(3): 551-557.

1. Kessler SK, McGinnis E. A Practical Guide to Treatment of Childhood Absence Epilepsy. Paediatric drugs, 2019, 21(1): 15-24.
2. Verrotti A, D'Alonzo R, Rinaldi VE, et al. Childhood absence epilepsy and benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: a narrative review analysis. World J Pediatr, 2017, 13(2): 106-111.
3. Jackson DC, Jones JE, Hsu DA, et al. Language function in childhood idiopathic epilepsy syndromes. Brain Lang, 2019, 193(1): 4-9.
4. Abarrategui B, Parejo-Carbonell B, Garcia Garcia ME, et al. The cognitive phenotype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior, 2018, 89(1): 99-104.
5. Fonseca Wald ELA, Klinkenberg S, Voncken TPC, et al. Cognitive development in absence epilepsy during long-term follow-up. Child Neuropsychol, 2019, 25(8): 1003-1021.
6. Henkin Y, Sadeh M, Kivity S, et al. Cognitive function in idiopathic generalized epilepsy of childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2005, 47(2): 126-132.
7. Blumenfeld H. Impaired consciousness in epilepsy. Lancet Neurol, 2012, 11(9): 814-826.
8. Wang Z, Lariviere S, Xu Q, et al. Community-informed connectomics of the thalamocortical system in generalized epilepsy. Neurology, 2019, 93(11): e1112-e1122.
9. Cheng D, Yan X, Gao Z, et al. Neurocognitive profiles in childhood absence epilepsy: a focus on cognitive dysfunction associated with the frontal lobe. J Child Neurol, 2017, 32(1): 46-52.
10. Dosenbach NU, Fair DA, Miezin FM, et al. Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104(26): 11073-11078.
11. Juliana V Baldo, Sophie Schwartz, David Wilkins, et al. Role of frontal versus temporal cortex in verbal fluency as revealed by voxel-based lesion symptom mapping. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2006, 12(6): 896-900.
12. Alexander GE, Crutcher MD, DeLong MR. Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions. Prog Brain Res, 1990, 85(2): 119-146.
13. Crunelli V, Lorincz ML, McCafferty C, et al. Clinical and experimental insight into pathophysiology, comorbidity and therapy of absence seizures. Brain, 2020, 143(8): 2341-2368.
14. Wandschneider B, Burdett J, Townsend L, et al. Effect of topiramate and zonisamide on fMRI cognitive networks. Neurology, 2017, 88(12): 1165-1171.
15. Nickels KC, Zaccariello MJ, Hamiwka LD, et al. Cognitive and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in paediatric epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol, 2016, 12(4): 465-476.
16. Ratcliffe C, Wandschneider B, Baxendale S, et al. Cognitive function in genetic generalized epilepsies: insights from neuropsychology and neuroimaging. Frontiers in neurology, 2020, 11(2): 144.
17. Mandelbaum DE, Burack GD. The effect of seizure type and medication on cognitive and behavioral functioning in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol, 1997, 39(6): 731-735.
18. Henshall DC, Simon RP. Epilepsy and apoptosis pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2005, 25(12): 1557-1572.
19. Miao A, Tang L, Xiang J, et al. Dynamic magnetic source imaging of absence seizure initialization and propagation: a magnetoencephalography study. Epilepsy research, 2014, 108(4): 468-480.
20. Guo JN, Kim R, Chen Y, et al. Impaired consciousness in patients with absence seizures investigated by functional MRI, EEG, and behavioural measures: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Neurology, 2016, 15(13): 1336-1345.
21. Helbig I. Genetic causes of generalized epilepsies. Semin Neurol, 2015, 35(3): 288-292.
22. Chowdhury FA, Elwes RD, Koutroumanidis M, et al. Impaired cognitive function in idiopathic generalized epilepsy and unaffected family members: an epilepsy endophenotype. Epilepsia, 2014, 55(6): 835-840.
23. Binnie CD. Significance and management of transitory cognitive impairment due to subclinical EEG discharges in children. Brain & development, 1993, 23(1): 23-30.
24. Austin JK, Huster GA, Dunn DW, et al. Adolescents with active or inactive epilepsy or asthma: a comparison of quality of life. Epilepsia, 1996, 37(10): 1228-1238.
25. McNelis AM, Dunn DW, Johnson CS, et al. Academic performance in children with new-onset seizures and asthma: a prospective study. Epilepsy & behavior, 2007, 10(3): 311-318.
26. Oostrom KJ, van Teeseling H, Smeets-Schouten A, et al. Three to four years after diagnosis: cognition and behaviour in children with 'epilepsy only'. A prospective, controlled study. Brain, 2005, 128(Pt 7): 1546-1555.
27. Ung H, Cazares C, Nanivadekar A, et al. Interictal epileptiform activity outside the seizure onset zone impacts cognition. Brain, 2017, 140(8): 2157-2168.
28. Vasconcellos E, Wyllie E, Sullivan S, et al. Mental retardation in pediatric candidates for epilepsy surgery: the role of early seizure onset. Epilepsia, 2001, 42(2): 268-274.
29. Hermann B, Seidenberg M, Bell B, et al. The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Childhood-onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy on Brain Structure and Function. Epilepsia, 2002, 43(6): 1062-1071.
30. Ben-Ari Y, Holmes GL. Effects of seizures on developmental processes in the immature brain. Lancet Neurol, 2006, 5(12): 1055-1063.
31. Caplan R, Siddarth P, Vona P, et al. Language in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(12): 2397-2407.
32. Eskritt M, Lee K. "Remember where you last saw that card": Children's production of external symbols as a memory aid. Developmental Psychology, 2002, 38(3): 254-266.
33. Lin CCH, Hsiao CK, Chen WJ. Development of Sustained Attention Assessed Using the Continuous Performance Test among Children 6-15 Years of Age. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1999, 27(4): 403-412.
34. Ronen GM, Meaney BF, Cunningham C. Neuropsychological assessment in children with absence epilepsy. Neurology, 2001, 57(10): 1940.
35. Verrotti A, Agostinelli S, Olivieri C, et al. Early-onset pure absence epilepsy: a distinct epileptic syndrome. Acta Paediatr, 2011, 100(6): 647-650.
36. CP P. Typical absence seizures and related epileptic syndromes: assessment of current state and directions for future research. Epilepsia, 2008, 49: 2131-2147.
37. Seidenberg M, Beck N, Geisser M, et al. Academic achievement of children with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1986, 27(5): 753-759.
38. Sarkisova K, van Luijtelaar G. The WAG/Rij strain: a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy with comorbidity of depression[corrected]. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2011, 35(4): 854-876.
39. Austin JK, Huberty TJ, Huster GA, et al. Does academic achievement in children with epilepsy change over time? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1999, 41(3): 473-479.
40. Dubois CM, Gianella D, Chaves-Vischer V, et al. Speech delay due to a prelinguistic regression of epileptic origin. Neuropediatrics, 2004, 35(1): 50-53.
41. Mandelbaum DE, Burack GD, Bhise VV. Impact of antiepileptic drugs on cognition, behavior, and motor skills in children with new-onset, idiopathic epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior, 2009, 16(3): 341-344.
42. Siren A, Kylliainen A, Tenhunen M, et al. Beneficial effects of antiepileptic medication on absence seizures and cognitive functioning in children. Epilepsy & behavior, 2007, 11(1): 85-91.
43. Bourgeois BF. Antiepileptic drugs, learning, and behavior in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1998, 39(6): 913-921.
44. Wheless JW, Clarke DF, Carpenter D. Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: expert opinion, 2005. J Child Neurol, 2005, 20(Suppl 1): S1-56; quiz S59-60.
45. Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology, 2018, 91(1): 74-81.
46. Trimble MR, Thompson PJ. Anticonvulsant drugs, cognitive function, and behavior. Epilepsia, 1983, 24(Suppl 1): S55-63.
47. Berg AT, Levy SR, Testa FM, et al. Long-term seizure remission in childhood absence epilepsy: might initial treatment matter? Epilepsia, 2014, 55(3): 551-557.

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儿童失神癫痫的认知功能损害研究进展

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