Meta-analysis of risk factors for epilepsy in children_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

SUN Xiang ¹ , ZHOU Xiaoli ² , GAO Zheng ² , ZHANG Qian ² ,  ZHOU Yipin ¹

1. Neurosurgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China;
2. Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China;

Corresponding author：

ZHOU Yipin, Email: szx20200208@163.com

Keywords：

Epilepsy in children; Meta; Onset; Risk factors

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202202010

Video：

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Objective To systematically review and analyze the risk factors of epilepsy in children, to explore the related etiology of epilepsy in children, and to provide evidence-based strategies for reducing the occurrence of epilepsy in children. Methods PubMed, Embase, VIP, CNKI, Web of science, Cohrane, and CBM were searched for relevant studies on risk factors for childhood epilepsy since the establishment of the database, and the study type was selected as a case-control study. After screening and quality evaluation, the literatures that met the requirements were finally selected for inclusion in the study, and the extracted target data were statistically analyzed by RevMan5.3 software. Results A total of 9 literatures were included for Meta-analysis of the risk factors of epilepsy in children. A total of 3792 cases were studied, including 1 922 cases in the control group and 1 870 cases in the case group. Meta-analysis results showed that adverse perinatal period, family history of epilepsy, febrile seizures, and central nervous system infection were closely related to the occurrence of epilepsy in children, and the OR values were OR=3.46, 95%CI (2.51, 4.79), OR=4.77, 95%CI (3.83, 5.95), OR=7.81, 95%CI ( 5.64, 10.80), OR=3.00, 95%CI (1.44, 6.26), P values were all less than 0.05. Conclusions Adverse perinatal period, family history of epilepsy, febrile seizures, and central nervous system infection are the current risk factors for childhood epilepsy.

Citation： SUN Xiang, ZHOU Xiaoli, GAO Zheng, ZHANG Qian, ZHOU Yipin. Meta-analysis of risk factors for epilepsy in children. Journal of Epilepsy, 2022, 8(4): 305-311. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202202010 Copy

1.	Gledhill RF. In the shadow of epilepsy. The Lancet, 1997, 350(9080): 811.
2.	Ngugi AK, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, et al. Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-ana-lyticapproach. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(5): 883-890.
3.	Hauser WA. Recent developments in the epidemiology of epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand, 1995, 162(92): 17-21.
4.	Knudsen FU. Febrile seizures: treatment and prognosis. Epilepsia, 2000, 41(1): 2-9.
5.	Verity CM, Greenwood R, Golding J. Long-term intellectual and behavioral outcomes of children with febrile convulsions. N Engl J Med, 1998, 338(24): 1723-1728.
6.	Beghi E, Giussani G, Nichols E, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol, 2019, 18(4): 357-375.
7.	Hauser WA. Seizure disorders: the changes with age. Epilepsia, 1992, 33(Suppl 4): 6-14.
8.	Cowan LD. The epidemiology of the epilepsies in children. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev, 2002, 8(3): 171-181.
9.	Eisner V, Pauli LL, Livingston S. Epilepsy in the families of epileptics. The Journal of Pediatrics, 1960, 56(3): 347-354.
10.	Thom, DA, Walker GS. Epilepsy in the offspring of epileptics. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 1992, 78(4): 613-627.
11.	Annergers JF, Hauser WA, Anderson VE, et al. The risk of seizure disorders among relatives of patients with childhood onset epilepsy. Neurology, 1982, 32(2): 174-179.
12.	Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984. Epilepsia, 1993, 34(3): 453-468.
13.	Sidenvall R, Heijbel J, Blomquist HK, et al. An incident case-control study of first unprovoked a febrile seizures in children: a population-based study of pre-and perinatal risk factors. Epilepsia, 2001, 42(10): 1261-1265.
14.	Jennett B. Trauma as a cause of epilepsy in childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol, 1973, 15(1): 56-62.
15.	Bergamasco B, Benna P, Ferrero P, et al. Neonatal hypoxia and epileptic risk: a clinical prospective study. Epilepsia, 1984, 25(2): 131-136.
16.	Braathen G, Theorell K. A general hospital population of childhood epilepsy. Acta Paediatr, 1995, 84(10): 1143-1146.
17.	Vera, Ehrenstein, Lars, et al. Postterm delivery and risk for epilepsy in childhood. Pediatrics, 2007, 119(3): e554-e561.
18.	Altunbasak S, Herguner O, Burgut HR. Risk factors predicting refractoriness in epileptic children with partial seizures. Journal of Child Neurology, 2007, 22(2): 195-199.
19.	Burton KJ, Rogathe J, Whittaker R, et al. Epilepsy in Tanzanian children: Association with perinatal events and other risk factors. Epilepsia, 2012, 53(4): 752-760.
20.	Masri A, Ba Dran E, Hamamy H, et al. Etiologies, outcomes, and risk factors for epilepsy in infants: A case–control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2008, 110(4): 352-356.
21.	Cansu A, Serdarolu A, Deniz Yüksel, et al. Prevalence of some risk factors in children with epilepsy compared to their controls. Seizure, 2007, 16(4): 338-344.
22.	Habbal AA, Alsharif A, Almubark A, et al. Risk factors associated with epilepsy in children and adolescents: a case-control study from Syria. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 114(4): 264-271.
23.	Daoud AS, Batieha A, Bashtawi M, et al. Risk factors for childhood epilepsy: a case-control study from Irbid, Jordan. Seizure, 2003, 12(3): 171-174.
24.	Asadi-Pooya AA, Hojabri K. Risk factors for childhood epilepsy: a case-control study. Epilepsy & Behavio, 2005, 6(2): 203-206.
25.	Thomas VA, Anil S, Vivek OV. Risk factors of childhood epilepsy in Kerala. Ann Indian Acad Neurol, 2011, 14(4): 283-286.
26.	兰州军区协作组. 西北五省区儿童癫痫危险因素研究: 附187例对照分析, 临床儿科杂志, 1990, 8(4): 216-218.
27.	章素芳, 程鹏. 癫痫患儿发病的危险因素的分析, 中国当代医药, 2017, 24(17): 83-85.
28.	康庆云, 廖红梅, 杨赛, 等. 离子通道基因突变相关儿童癫痫性脑病33例临床特征和基因突变分析. 神经损伤与功能重建, 2021, 16(12): 774-776.
29.	Covanis A. Epileptic encephalopathies(including severe epilepsy syndromes). Epilepsia, 2012, 53(s4): 114-126.
30.	王蕾. 全面护理方式对小儿癫痫护理工作的影响探究, 实用临床护理学电子杂志, 2020, 5(2): 121-129.
31.	富建华, 张丹. 围产期感染对子代近远期中枢神经系统的影响, 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2016, 32(6): 4.
32.	Edwards T, Scott AG, Munyoki G, et al. Active convulsive epilepsy in a rural district of Kenya: a study of prevalence and possible risk factors. Lancet Neurology, 2008, 7(1): 50-56.
33.	Record EJ, Bumbut A, Shih S, et al. Risk factors, etiologies, and comorbidities in urban pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 115: 107716.
34.	中华医学会儿科学分会神经学组. 热性惊厥诊断治疗与管理专家共识(2017年实用版). 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2017, 32(18): 149-153.
35.	Seshia SS, Huntsman RJ, Lowry NJ, et al. Neonatal seizures: diagnosisand mana Gement. Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2019, 13(2): 81-100.
36.	胡蜀湘, 廖卫平. 中枢神经系统感染与癫痫, 临床荟萃, 2004, 19(21): 1206-1209.
37.	Nicolosi A, Hauser WA, Beghi E, et al. Epidemiology of central nervous system infections in Olmsted County, Minne-sota, 1950-1981. J Infect Dis, 1986, 154(3): 399-408.
38.	Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Beghi E, et al. The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis. Neurology, 1988, 38(9): 1407-1410.

1. Gledhill RF. In the shadow of epilepsy. The Lancet, 1997, 350(9080): 811.
2. Ngugi AK, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, et al. Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-ana-lyticapproach. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(5): 883-890.
3. Hauser WA. Recent developments in the epidemiology of epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand, 1995, 162(92): 17-21.
4. Knudsen FU. Febrile seizures: treatment and prognosis. Epilepsia, 2000, 41(1): 2-9.
5. Verity CM, Greenwood R, Golding J. Long-term intellectual and behavioral outcomes of children with febrile convulsions. N Engl J Med, 1998, 338(24): 1723-1728.
6. Beghi E, Giussani G, Nichols E, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol, 2019, 18(4): 357-375.
7. Hauser WA. Seizure disorders: the changes with age. Epilepsia, 1992, 33(Suppl 4): 6-14.
8. Cowan LD. The epidemiology of the epilepsies in children. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev, 2002, 8(3): 171-181.
9. Eisner V, Pauli LL, Livingston S. Epilepsy in the families of epileptics. The Journal of Pediatrics, 1960, 56(3): 347-354.
10. Thom, DA, Walker GS. Epilepsy in the offspring of epileptics. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 1992, 78(4): 613-627.
11. Annergers JF, Hauser WA, Anderson VE, et al. The risk of seizure disorders among relatives of patients with childhood onset epilepsy. Neurology, 1982, 32(2): 174-179.
12. Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984. Epilepsia, 1993, 34(3): 453-468.
13. Sidenvall R, Heijbel J, Blomquist HK, et al. An incident case-control study of first unprovoked a febrile seizures in children: a population-based study of pre-and perinatal risk factors. Epilepsia, 2001, 42(10): 1261-1265.
14. Jennett B. Trauma as a cause of epilepsy in childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol, 1973, 15(1): 56-62.
15. Bergamasco B, Benna P, Ferrero P, et al. Neonatal hypoxia and epileptic risk: a clinical prospective study. Epilepsia, 1984, 25(2): 131-136.
16. Braathen G, Theorell K. A general hospital population of childhood epilepsy. Acta Paediatr, 1995, 84(10): 1143-1146.
17. Vera, Ehrenstein, Lars, et al. Postterm delivery and risk for epilepsy in childhood. Pediatrics, 2007, 119(3): e554-e561.
18. Altunbasak S, Herguner O, Burgut HR. Risk factors predicting refractoriness in epileptic children with partial seizures. Journal of Child Neurology, 2007, 22(2): 195-199.
19. Burton KJ, Rogathe J, Whittaker R, et al. Epilepsy in Tanzanian children: Association with perinatal events and other risk factors. Epilepsia, 2012, 53(4): 752-760.
20. Masri A, Ba Dran E, Hamamy H, et al. Etiologies, outcomes, and risk factors for epilepsy in infants: A case–control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2008, 110(4): 352-356.
21. Cansu A, Serdarolu A, Deniz Yüksel, et al. Prevalence of some risk factors in children with epilepsy compared to their controls. Seizure, 2007, 16(4): 338-344.
22. Habbal AA, Alsharif A, Almubark A, et al. Risk factors associated with epilepsy in children and adolescents: a case-control study from Syria. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 114(4): 264-271.
23. Daoud AS, Batieha A, Bashtawi M, et al. Risk factors for childhood epilepsy: a case-control study from Irbid, Jordan. Seizure, 2003, 12(3): 171-174.
24. Asadi-Pooya AA, Hojabri K. Risk factors for childhood epilepsy: a case-control study. Epilepsy & Behavio, 2005, 6(2): 203-206.
25. Thomas VA, Anil S, Vivek OV. Risk factors of childhood epilepsy in Kerala. Ann Indian Acad Neurol, 2011, 14(4): 283-286.
26. 兰州军区协作组. 西北五省区儿童癫痫危险因素研究: 附187例对照分析, 临床儿科杂志, 1990, 8(4): 216-218.
27. 章素芳, 程鹏. 癫痫患儿发病的危险因素的分析, 中国当代医药, 2017, 24(17): 83-85.
28. 康庆云, 廖红梅, 杨赛, 等. 离子通道基因突变相关儿童癫痫性脑病33例临床特征和基因突变分析. 神经损伤与功能重建, 2021, 16(12): 774-776.
29. Covanis A. Epileptic encephalopathies(including severe epilepsy syndromes). Epilepsia, 2012, 53(s4): 114-126.
30. 王蕾. 全面护理方式对小儿癫痫护理工作的影响探究, 实用临床护理学电子杂志, 2020, 5(2): 121-129.
31. 富建华, 张丹. 围产期感染对子代近远期中枢神经系统的影响, 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2016, 32(6): 4.
32. Edwards T, Scott AG, Munyoki G, et al. Active convulsive epilepsy in a rural district of Kenya: a study of prevalence and possible risk factors. Lancet Neurology, 2008, 7(1): 50-56.
33. Record EJ, Bumbut A, Shih S, et al. Risk factors, etiologies, and comorbidities in urban pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 115: 107716.
34. 中华医学会儿科学分会神经学组. 热性惊厥诊断治疗与管理专家共识(2017年实用版). 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2017, 32(18): 149-153.
35. Seshia SS, Huntsman RJ, Lowry NJ, et al. Neonatal seizures: diagnosisand mana Gement. Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2019, 13(2): 81-100.
36. 胡蜀湘, 廖卫平. 中枢神经系统感染与癫痫, 临床荟萃, 2004, 19(21): 1206-1209.
37. Nicolosi A, Hauser WA, Beghi E, et al. Epidemiology of central nervous system infections in Olmsted County, Minne-sota, 1950-1981. J Infect Dis, 1986, 154(3): 399-408.
38. Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Beghi E, et al. The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis. Neurology, 1988, 38(9): 1407-1410.

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Meta-analysis of risk factors for epilepsy in children

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