Effects of chloral hydrate on sleep electroencephalogram in children_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

ZHANG Yanli ^1,2 , YANG Yue ^1,2 ,  DENG Yao ^1,2 , LUO Rong ^1,2 , ZHOU Jielan ^1,2 , ZHANG Yaqin ^1,2

1. Department of Pediatric Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

DENG Yao, Email: 1265912216@qq.com

Keywords：

Chloral hydrate; Electroencephalogram; Children; β waves

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202204013

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Objective To explore the effect of chloral hydrate on sleep Electroencephalogram (EEG) in children. Methods A total of 250 children under the age of 5 underwent EEG examination in West China Second University Hospital from Nov.8, 2019 to Sep.1,2021 were enrolled and divided into medication group or non-medication group according to whether they took chloral hydrate before the examination. Among them, 167 patients, the average age of whom was (30.78±17.43) months, were in the medication group, with a male to female ratio of 113:54. 83 cases were in the unmedicated group, the ratio of male to female was 60:23, and the average age was (33.12±17.10) months. There were no statistical difference in age and gender between the two groups. Quantitative EEG method was used to compare and analyze the percentages of the power of various EEG waveforms in the two groups. Results The proportion of EEG beta waves in the medication group was (2.76±4.03)%, and the proportion of EEG beta waves in the non-medication group was (1.59±1.21)%. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The proportion of sleep EEG beta waves in the medication group is higher. Conclusions Chloral hydrate may cause the increase of β fast waves in sleep EEG, which may affect the interpretation of EEG and the diagnosis of diseases.

Citation： ZHANG Yanli, YANG Yue, DENG Yao, LUO Rong, ZHOU Jielan, ZHANG Yaqin. Effects of chloral hydrate on sleep electroencephalogram in children. Journal of Epilepsy, 2022, 8(5): 416-419. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202204013 Copy

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2.	Ashrafi MR, Mohebbi H, Mohamadi M, et al. Clonidine versus chloral hydrate for recording sleep EEG in children. Iran J Child Neurol, 2020, 14(1): 85.
3.	Hijazi OM, Ahmed A E, Anazi JA, et al. Chloral hydrate versus midazolam as sedative agents for diagnostic procedures in children. Saudi Med J, 2014, 35(2): 123-131.
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5.	Kaminski J, Brzezicka A, Gola M, et al. beta band oscillations engagement in human alertness process. Int J Psychophysiol, 2012, 85(1): 125-128.
6.	Huster RJ, Enriquez-Geppert S, Lavallee CF, et al. Electroencephalography of response inhibition tasks: functional networks and cognitive contributions. Int J Psychophysiol, 2013, 87(3): 217-233.
7.	Roberts BW, Luo J, Briley DA, et al. A systematic review of personality trait change through intervention. Psychol Bull, 2017, 143(2): 117-141.
8.	Wood W. Habit in personality and social psychology. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 2017, 21(4): 389-403.
9.	Perlis ML, Smith MT, Andrews PJ, et al. Beta/Gamma EEG activity in patients with primary and secondary insomnia and good sleeper controls. Sleep, 2001, 24(1): 110-117.
10.	Ashrafi MR, Malamiri RA, Zamani GR, et al. Sleep inducing for EEG recording in children: a comparison between oral midazolam and chloral hydrate. Iran J Child Neurol, 2013, 7(1): 15.
11.	Fernandes ML, De Oliveira WM, Santos MDCV, et al. Sedation for electroencephalography with dexmedetomidine or chloral hydrate: a comparative study on the qualitative and quantitative electroencephalogram pattern. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol, 2015, 27(1): 21-25.
12.	Bektas O, AriCa B, Teber S, et al. Chloral hydrate and/or hydroxyzine for sedation in pediatric EEG recording. Brain & Development, 2014, 36(2): 130-136.
13.	陈哲, 林茂, 曾力楠, 等. 水合氯醛口服溶液用于儿童镇静催眠安全性的系统评价. 中国药房, 2020, 31(9): 1124-1131.

1. Nishida M, Sood S, Asano E. In-vivo animation of midazolam-induced electrocorticographic changes in humans. J Neurol Sci, 2009, 287(1-2): 151-158.
2. Ashrafi MR, Mohebbi H, Mohamadi M, et al. Clonidine versus chloral hydrate for recording sleep EEG in children. Iran J Child Neurol, 2020, 14(1): 85.
3. Hijazi OM, Ahmed A E, Anazi JA, et al. Chloral hydrate versus midazolam as sedative agents for diagnostic procedures in children. Saudi Med J, 2014, 35(2): 123-131.
4. Britton JW, Kosa SC. The clinical value of chloral hydrate in the routine electroencephalogram. Epilepsy Research, 2010, 88(2-3): 215-220.
5. Kaminski J, Brzezicka A, Gola M, et al. beta band oscillations engagement in human alertness process. Int J Psychophysiol, 2012, 85(1): 125-128.
6. Huster RJ, Enriquez-Geppert S, Lavallee CF, et al. Electroencephalography of response inhibition tasks: functional networks and cognitive contributions. Int J Psychophysiol, 2013, 87(3): 217-233.
7. Roberts BW, Luo J, Briley DA, et al. A systematic review of personality trait change through intervention. Psychol Bull, 2017, 143(2): 117-141.
8. Wood W. Habit in personality and social psychology. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 2017, 21(4): 389-403.
9. Perlis ML, Smith MT, Andrews PJ, et al. Beta/Gamma EEG activity in patients with primary and secondary insomnia and good sleeper controls. Sleep, 2001, 24(1): 110-117.
10. Ashrafi MR, Malamiri RA, Zamani GR, et al. Sleep inducing for EEG recording in children: a comparison between oral midazolam and chloral hydrate. Iran J Child Neurol, 2013, 7(1): 15.
11. Fernandes ML, De Oliveira WM, Santos MDCV, et al. Sedation for electroencephalography with dexmedetomidine or chloral hydrate: a comparative study on the qualitative and quantitative electroencephalogram pattern. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol, 2015, 27(1): 21-25.
12. Bektas O, AriCa B, Teber S, et al. Chloral hydrate and/or hydroxyzine for sedation in pediatric EEG recording. Brain & Development, 2014, 36(2): 130-136.
13. 陈哲, 林茂, 曾力楠, 等. 水合氯醛口服溶液用于儿童镇静催眠安全性的系统评价. 中国药房, 2020, 31(9): 1124-1131.

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