Research progress on the mechanism and therapeutic targets of brain injury caused by status epilepticus_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

JIANG Yingnan ¹ , GUO Jia ¹ , KONG Qingxia ² ,  HUANG Shuran ³

1. Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China;
2. Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China;
3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China;

Corresponding author：

HUANG Shuran, Email: isabeir@163.com

Keywords：

Status epilepticus; Brain damage; Therapeutic target; Neuroinflammation; Cell autophagy

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202310012

Video：

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Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and status epilepticus (SE) can lead to permanent neuronal brain damage in the central nervous system, but the mechanism is not clear. Solving this problem will help to find more SE therapeutic targets, benefiting tens of millions of epilepsy patients. The pathway of SE leading to neuronal damage in the brain has made new progress in neuroinflammation, autophagy, apoptosis and pyroptosis, glial cell hyperplasia and category transformation, and changes in neurotransmitters in the brain, which will be beneficial to the discovery of new targets for the treatment of SE, thus laying a foundation for the development of new anti-epileptic drugs.

Citation： JIANG Yingnan, GUO Jia, KONG Qingxia, HUANG Shuran. Research progress on the mechanism and therapeutic targets of brain injury caused by status epilepticus. Journal of Epilepsy, 2024, 10(1): 83-87. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202310012 Copy

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2.	Pinto LF, Oliveira JPS, Midon AM. Status epilepticus: review on diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 2022, 80(5 Suppl 1): 193-203.
3.	Terrone G, Frigerio F, Balosso S, et al. Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in status epilepticus: Biomarkers and implications for therapy. Epilepsy Behav , 2019, 101(Pt B): 106275.
4.	Li TR, Jia YJ, Wang Q, et al. Correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA and microRNA-155 expression in rat models and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res, 2018, 1700: 56-65.
5.	Cai Z, Li S, Li S, et al. Antagonist targeting microRNA-155 protects against lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in C57BL/6 mice by activating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Front Pharmacol, 2016, 7: 129.
6.	Costagliola G, Depietri G, Michev A, et al. Targeting inflammatory mediators in epilepsy: a systematic review of its molecular basis and clinical applications. Front Neurol, 2022, 13: 741244.
7.	Yang QW, Wang JZ, Li JC, et al. High-mobility group protein box-1 and its relevance to cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2010, 30(2): 243-254.
8.	Li YJ, Wang L, Zhang B, et al. Glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, exhibits neuroprotective effects in rats after lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. J Pharm Pharmacol, 2019, 71(3): 390-399.
9.	Zhao J, Zheng Y, Liu K, et al. HMGB1 is a therapeutic target and biomarker in diazepam-refractory status epilepticus with wide time window. Neurotherapeutics, 2020, 17(2): 710-721.
10.	欧诒丹, 陈静, 高元杰. 注射用神经节苷脂钠对癫痫持续状态大鼠认知功能障碍及神经炎症的改善作用及机制. 广西医学, 2021, 43(23): 2838-2844.
11.	冯文之, 陈扬, 俞立. 细胞自噬分子机制的进展. 生命科学, 2015, 27(7): 859-866.
12.	崔莹. HMGB1在癫痫小鼠海马损伤中的作用及机制研究. 山东大学, 博士学位论文, 2020.
13.	高晓宇. 天麻素对小鼠癫痫持续状态后海马组织自噬的作用及机制. 延安大学, 硕士学位论文, 2020.
14.	杨滨. 黄芩苷通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路上调癫痫大鼠海马自噬活性及其神经保护作用的研究. 福建医科大学, 硕士学位论文, 2019.
15.	郑雪姣. PDCD4/自噬信号通路及凋亡在大鼠癫痫持续状态中的变化. 延安大学, 硕士学位论文, 2020.
16.	郝佳朵. PDCD4经自噬信号通路在小鼠癫痫持续状态中的作用及其机制研究. 延安大学, 硕士学位论文, 2022.
17.	Yue J, He J, Wei Y, et al. Decreased expression of Rev-Erbα in the epileptic foci of temporal lobe epilepsy and activation of Rev-Erbα have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the pilocarpine model. J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17(1): 43.
18.	Sheng M, Chen X, Yu Y, et al. Rev-erbα agonist SR9009 protects against cerebral ischemic injury through mechanisms involving Nrf2 pathway. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1102567.
19.	于江华, 史志勤, 苏旭东, 等. 重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠癫痫持续状态X-连锁凋亡抑制蛋白的影响及作用机制的实验研究. 脑与神经疾病杂志, 2018, 26(6): 357-362.
20.	Xia L, Liu L, Wang Q, et al. Relationship between the pyroptosis pathway and epilepsy: a bioinformatic analysis. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 782739.
21.	Deshpande T, Li T, Henning L, et al. Constitutive deletion of astrocytic connexins aggravates kainate-induced epilepsy, Glia 2020, 68(10): 2136-2147.
22.	于涛. miRNA-106b-5p对癫痫持续状态小鼠海马小胶质细胞激活极化的影响及机制研究. 中国医科大学, 博士学位论文, 2022.
23.	袁振宇. 长效GLP-1受体激动剂索马鲁肽对大鼠癫痫持续状态后海马小胶质细胞表型转化和神经炎症的影响及机制研究. 山西医科大学, 硕士学位论文, 2020.
24.	Wen Y, Wu K, Xie Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor on epilepsy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019, 511(1): 79-86.
25.	Gan J, Huang L, Qu Y, et al. Expression and functional analysis of lncRNAs in the hippocampus of immature rats with status epilepticus. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(1): 149-159.
26.	Hu F, Shao L, Zhang J, et al. Knockdown of ZFAS1 inhibits hippocampal neurons apoptosis and autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway via up-regulating miR-421 in epilepsy. Neurochem Res, 2020, 45(10): 2433-2441.
27.	Diespirov GP, Postnikova TY, Griflyuk AV, et al. Alterations in the properties of the rat hippocampus glutamatergic system in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Biochemistry (Mosc), 2023, 88(3): 353-363.
28.	Gorlewicz A, Pijet B, Orlova K, et al. Epileptiform GluN2B-driven excitation in hippocampus as a therapeutic target against temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol, 2022, 354: 114087.
29.	Deng N, Hu J, Hong Y, et al. Indoleamine-2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 deficiency suppresses seizures in epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci, 2021, 15: 638854.
30.	吴纪添, 张永全, 胡芷颖, 等. 天麻对癫痫的影响及潜在机制. 中国医学创新, 2023, 20(2): 184-188.

1. Betjemann JP, Lowenstein DH. Status epilepticus in adults. Lancet Neurol, 2015, 14(6): 615-24.
2. Pinto LF, Oliveira JPS, Midon AM. Status epilepticus: review on diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 2022, 80(5 Suppl 1): 193-203.
3. Terrone G, Frigerio F, Balosso S, et al. Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in status epilepticus: Biomarkers and implications for therapy. Epilepsy Behav , 2019, 101(Pt B): 106275.
4. Li TR, Jia YJ, Wang Q, et al. Correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA and microRNA-155 expression in rat models and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res, 2018, 1700: 56-65.
5. Cai Z, Li S, Li S, et al. Antagonist targeting microRNA-155 protects against lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in C57BL/6 mice by activating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Front Pharmacol, 2016, 7: 129.
6. Costagliola G, Depietri G, Michev A, et al. Targeting inflammatory mediators in epilepsy: a systematic review of its molecular basis and clinical applications. Front Neurol, 2022, 13: 741244.
7. Yang QW, Wang JZ, Li JC, et al. High-mobility group protein box-1 and its relevance to cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2010, 30(2): 243-254.
8. Li YJ, Wang L, Zhang B, et al. Glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, exhibits neuroprotective effects in rats after lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. J Pharm Pharmacol, 2019, 71(3): 390-399.
9. Zhao J, Zheng Y, Liu K, et al. HMGB1 is a therapeutic target and biomarker in diazepam-refractory status epilepticus with wide time window. Neurotherapeutics, 2020, 17(2): 710-721.
10. 欧诒丹, 陈静, 高元杰. 注射用神经节苷脂钠对癫痫持续状态大鼠认知功能障碍及神经炎症的改善作用及机制. 广西医学, 2021, 43(23): 2838-2844.
11. 冯文之, 陈扬, 俞立. 细胞自噬分子机制的进展. 生命科学, 2015, 27(7): 859-866.
12. 崔莹. HMGB1在癫痫小鼠海马损伤中的作用及机制研究. 山东大学, 博士学位论文, 2020.
13. 高晓宇. 天麻素对小鼠癫痫持续状态后海马组织自噬的作用及机制. 延安大学, 硕士学位论文, 2020.
14. 杨滨. 黄芩苷通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路上调癫痫大鼠海马自噬活性及其神经保护作用的研究. 福建医科大学, 硕士学位论文, 2019.
15. 郑雪姣. PDCD4/自噬信号通路及凋亡在大鼠癫痫持续状态中的变化. 延安大学, 硕士学位论文, 2020.
16. 郝佳朵. PDCD4经自噬信号通路在小鼠癫痫持续状态中的作用及其机制研究. 延安大学, 硕士学位论文, 2022.
17. Yue J, He J, Wei Y, et al. Decreased expression of Rev-Erbα in the epileptic foci of temporal lobe epilepsy and activation of Rev-Erbα have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the pilocarpine model. J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17(1): 43.
18. Sheng M, Chen X, Yu Y, et al. Rev-erbα agonist SR9009 protects against cerebral ischemic injury through mechanisms involving Nrf2 pathway. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1102567.
19. 于江华, 史志勤, 苏旭东, 等. 重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠癫痫持续状态X-连锁凋亡抑制蛋白的影响及作用机制的实验研究. 脑与神经疾病杂志, 2018, 26(6): 357-362.
20. Xia L, Liu L, Wang Q, et al. Relationship between the pyroptosis pathway and epilepsy: a bioinformatic analysis. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 782739.
21. Deshpande T, Li T, Henning L, et al. Constitutive deletion of astrocytic connexins aggravates kainate-induced epilepsy, Glia 2020, 68(10): 2136-2147.
22. 于涛. miRNA-106b-5p对癫痫持续状态小鼠海马小胶质细胞激活极化的影响及机制研究. 中国医科大学, 博士学位论文, 2022.
23. 袁振宇. 长效GLP-1受体激动剂索马鲁肽对大鼠癫痫持续状态后海马小胶质细胞表型转化和神经炎症的影响及机制研究. 山西医科大学, 硕士学位论文, 2020.
24. Wen Y, Wu K, Xie Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor on epilepsy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019, 511(1): 79-86.
25. Gan J, Huang L, Qu Y, et al. Expression and functional analysis of lncRNAs in the hippocampus of immature rats with status epilepticus. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(1): 149-159.
26. Hu F, Shao L, Zhang J, et al. Knockdown of ZFAS1 inhibits hippocampal neurons apoptosis and autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway via up-regulating miR-421 in epilepsy. Neurochem Res, 2020, 45(10): 2433-2441.
27. Diespirov GP, Postnikova TY, Griflyuk AV, et al. Alterations in the properties of the rat hippocampus glutamatergic system in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Biochemistry (Mosc), 2023, 88(3): 353-363.
28. Gorlewicz A, Pijet B, Orlova K, et al. Epileptiform GluN2B-driven excitation in hippocampus as a therapeutic target against temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol, 2022, 354: 114087.
29. Deng N, Hu J, Hong Y, et al. Indoleamine-2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 deficiency suppresses seizures in epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci, 2021, 15: 638854.
30. 吴纪添, 张永全, 胡芷颖, 等. 天麻对癫痫的影响及潜在机制. 中国医学创新, 2023, 20(2): 184-188.

Journal of Epilepsy

Research progress on the mechanism and therapeutic targets of brain injury caused by status epilepticus

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