癫痫外科手术技术专家共识—第二篇：脑皮质发育不良相关癫痫_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

 中国抗癫痫协会青年委员会 ,  谭启富癫痫外科发展专项基金管理委员会 ,  北京神经科学学会脑功能疾病与认知发育专业委员会 , 国家儿科及小儿外科专业医疗质量控制中心 , 《癫痫杂志》编辑部

执笔张春青（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）、孙晓琴（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）、吴洵昳（复旦大学附属华山医院）、季涛云（北京大学第一医院）、郭燕舞（南方医科大学珠江医院）、宋建平（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）、王礼（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）、石先俊（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）、黄军（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）、张晓青（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）;

Corresponding author：

中国抗癫痫协会青年委员会, Email: cqzhang@tmmu.edu.cn; 谭启富癫痫外科发展专项基金管理委员会, Email: zjguo73@126.com; 北京神经科学学会脑功能疾病与认知发育专业委员会, Email: 301_1sjwk@sina.cn

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202403004

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Citation： 中国抗癫痫协会青年委员会, 谭启富癫痫外科发展专项基金管理委员会, 北京神经科学学会脑功能疾病与认知发育专业委员会, 国家儿科及小儿外科专业医疗质量控制中心, 《癫痫杂志》编辑部. 癫痫外科手术技术专家共识—第二篇：脑皮质发育不良相关癫痫. Journal of Epilepsy, 2024, 10(3): 199-205. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202403004 Copy

1.	Blümcke I, Aronica E, Miyata H, et al. International recommendation for a comprehensive neuropathologic workup of epilepsy surgery brain tissue: A consensus Task Force report from the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods. Epilepsia, 2016, 57(3): 348-358.
2.	Blumcke I, Spreafico R, Haaker G, et al. Histopathological Findings in Brain Tissue Obtained during Epilepsy Surgery. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377(17): 1648-1656.
3.	Liu S, Yu T, Guan Y, et al. Resective epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis complex: a nationwide multicentre retrospective study from China. Brain, 2020, 143(2): 570-581.
4.	Jayalakshmi S, Vooturi S, Vadapalli R, et al. Predictors of surgical outcome in focal cortical dysplasia and its subtypes. J Neurosurg, 2022, 136(2): 512-522.
5.	Licchetta L, Vignatelli L, Toni F, et al. Long-term Outcome of Epilepsy and Cortical Malformations Due to Abnormal Migration and Postmigrational Development: A Cohort Study. Neurology, 2022, 99(1): e23-e32.
6.	Balestrini S, Barba C, Thom M, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia: a practical guide for neurologists. Practical Neurology, 2023, 3(2): 256-261.
7.	Nguyen D, Singh S, Zaatreh M, et al. Hypothalamic hamartomas: seven cases and review of the literature. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2003, 4(3): 246-258.
8.	Curatolo, Paolo. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Epilepsy. Pediatric Neurology, 2015, 52(3): 281-289.
9.	Paliotti K, Dassi C, Berrahmoune S, et al. The phenotypic spectrum of epilepsy associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia. J Neurol, 2023, 270(8): 3934-3945.
10.	Guerrini R, Carrozzo R. Epilepsy and genetic malformations of the cerebral cortex. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 2001, 106(2): 234-238.
11.	Maillard L, Ramantani G. Epilepsy surgery for polymicrogyria: a challenge to be undertaken. Epileptic Disord, 2018, 20(5): 319-338.
12.	Lamberink H J, Otte W M, Blümcke I, et al. Seizure outcome and use of antiepileptic drugs after epilepsy surgery according to histopathological diagnosis: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. The Lancet Neurology, 2020, 19(9): 748-757.
13.	Mathern G W. Challenges in the surgical treatment of epilepsy patients with cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(3): 689-693.
14.	Srour M, Rioux M F, Varga C, et al. The clinical spectrum of nodular heterotopias in children: report of 31 patients. Epilepsia, 2011, 52(4): 728-737.
15.	Valentin A, Lazaro M, Mullatti N, et al. Cingulate epileptogenesis in hypothalamic hamartoma. Epilepsia, 2011, 52(5): 901-905.
16.	Liu WY, Zhou D. Filamin A gene associated periventricular nodular heterotopia and epilepsy in a cohort of chinese patients. Chin Med J (Engl), 2017, 130(20): 2506-2507.
17.	Chu‐Shore C J, Major P, Camposano S, et al. The natural history of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(7): 1236-1241.
18.	Yoo SJ, Lee JY, Lee YJ, et al. Diffusion Tensor imaging and quantitative magnetic resonance volumetric assessment in the diagnosis of hemimegalencephaly: a case report. Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology, 2019, 80(1): 103-105.
19.	Koenig M, Dobyns W, Donato N D. Lissencephaly: Update on diagnostics and clinical management. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2021, 35: 147-152.
20.	Tassi L, Colombo N, Garbelli R, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia: neuropathological subtypes, EEG, neuroimaging and surgical outcome. Brain, 2002, 125(Pt 8): 1719-1732.
21.	Brázdil M, Halámek J, Jurák P, et al. Interictal high-frequency oscillations indicate seizure onset zone in patients with focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsy Research, 2010, 89(1-2): 28-32.
22.	Boonyapisit K, Najm I, Klem G, et al. Epileptogenicity of focal malformations due to abnormal cortical development: direct electrocorticographic-histopathologic correlations. Epilepsia, 2003, 44(1): 69-76.
23.	Mirandola L, Mai RF, Francione S, et al. Stereo-EEG: Diagnostic and therapeutic tool for periventricular nodular heterotopia epilepsies. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(11): 1962-71.
24.	Khoo HM, Ellenrieder NV, Zazubovits N, et al. Internodular functional connectivity in heterotopia‐related epilepsy. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 2019, 6(5): 851-853.
25.	Pitrik K, Leo T, Denese H. Crises dacrystiques et hamartome hypothalamique: a propos d'une observation video-stereo-EEG. Epilepsia, 1994, 6: 259-279.
26.	Kerrigan JF, Ng YT, Chung S, et al. The hypothalamic hamartoma: a model of subcortical epileptogenesis and encephalopathy. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 2005, 12(2): 119-131.
27.	Benabid AL, Ryvlin P, Minotti L, et al. From hypothalamic hamartoma to cortex: what can be learnt from depth recordings and stimulation? Epileptic Disord, 2003, 5: 205-217.
28.	Neal A, Ostrowsky-Coste K, Jung J, et al. Epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex: a stereoelectroencephalographic study. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(1): 81-95.
29.	Stephenson SEM, Maixner WJ, Barton SM, et al. Resection of tuber centers only for seizure control in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsy Res, 2021, 171: 106572.
30.	Zhang J, Yang Z, Yang Z, et al. Successful surgery for refractory seizures associated with bilateral schizencephaly: two case reports and literature review. Neurol Sci, 2016, 37(7): 1079-1088.
31.	Krsek P, Maton B, Jayakar P, et al. Incomplete resection of focal cortical dysplasia is the main predictor of poor postsurgical outcome. Neurology, 2009, 72(3): 217-223.
32.	Bourdillon P, Rheims S, Catenoix H, et al. Malformations of cortical development: New surgical advances. Rev Neurol (Paris), 2019, 175(3): 183-188.
33.	刘庆祝, 蔡立新, 刘晓燕, 等. 儿童后象限脑皮质发育障碍致难治性癫痫的手术治疗. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2017, 19(3): 259-263.
34.	Macdonald-Laurs E, Maixner WJ, Bailey CA, et al. One-Stage, Limited-Resection Epilepsy Surgery for Bottom-of-Sulcus Dysplasia. Neurology, 2021, 97(2): e178-e190.
35.	Walger L, Adler S, Wagstyl K, et al. Artificial intelligence for the detection of focal cortical dysplasia: Challenges in translating algorithms into clinical practice. Epilepsia, 2023, 64(5): 1093-1112.
36.	Prada F, Gennari AG, Quaia E, et al. Advanced intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) techniques in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) surgery: a preliminary experience on a case series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2020, 198: 106188.
37.	Kahane P, Ryvlin P, Hoffmann D, et al. From hypothalamic hamartoma to cortex: what can be learnt from depth recordings and stimulation? Epileptic Disord, 2003, 5(4): 205-217.
38.	Liu C, Zheng Z, Shao XQ, et al. Stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for hypothalamic hamartoma: Electroclinical patterns and the relationship with surgical prognosis. Epilepsy Behav, 2021, 118: 107957.
39.	Scholly J, Staack AM, Kahane P, et al. Hypothalamic hamartoma: Epileptogenesis beyond the lesion? Epilepsia, 2017, 58(Suppl 2): 32-40.
40.	Lhatoo SD, Kahane P, Lüders HO. Invasive Studies of the Human Epileptic Brain: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018.
41.	Khoo HM, Gotman J, Hall JA, et al. Treatment of Epilepsy Associated with Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2020, 20(12): 59.
42.	中国医师协会神经外科分会功能神经外科学组, 中国抗癫痫协会, 国家神经外科手术机器人应用示范项目专家指导委员会. 立体定向脑电图引导射频热凝毁损治疗药物难治性癫痫的中国专家共识. 中华医学杂志, 2021, 101(29): 1-7.
43.	Pizzo F, Roehri N, Catenoix H, et al. Epileptogenic networks in nodular heterotopia: a stereoelectroencephalography study. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(12): 2112-2123.
44.	Ladino LD, Dash C, Wu A, et al. Intracranial investigation of a patient with nodular heterotopia and hippocampal sclerosis: dealing with a dual pathology. Epileptic Disord, 2017, 19(2): 195-201.
45.	Agrawal M, Samala R, Doddamani RS, et al. Is surgery effective for treating hypothalamic hamartoma causing isolated central precocious puberty? A systematic review. Neurosurg Rev, 2021, 44(6): 3087-3105.
46.	Lehner KR, D'Amico RS, Rahme R, et al. Microsurgical management of complex hypothalamic hamartomas in the era of minimally invasive therapy: a case series and narrative review. World Neurosurg, 2022, 160: e388-e397.
47.	Kamida T, Maruyama T, Fujiki M, et al. Total callosotomy for a case of lissencephaly presenting with West syndrome and generalized seizures. Childs Nerv Syst, 2005, 21(12): 1056-1060.
48.	Lee YJ, Kang HC, Lee JS, et al. Resective pediatric epilepsy surgery in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Pediatrics, 2010, 125(1): e58-e66.
49.	Kim JY, Kang HC, Cho JH, et al. Combined use of multiple computational intracranial EEG analysis techniques for the localization of epileptogenic zones in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Clin EEG Neurosci, 2014, 45(3): 169-178.
50.	Jehi LE, O'Dwyer R, Najm I, et al. A longitudinal study of surgical outcome and its determinants following posterior cortex epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(9): 2040-2052.
51.	Koh S, Nguyen S, Asarnow RF, et al. Five or more acute postoperative seizures predict hospital course and long-term seizure control after hemispherectomy. Epilepsia, 2004, 45(5): 527-533.
52.	Di Gennaro G, D'Aniello A, De Risi M, et al. Prognostic significance of acute postoperative seizures in extra-temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Clin Neurophysiol, 2013, 124(8): 1536-1540.
53.	中国抗癫痫协会. 临床诊疗指南•癫痫病分册(2023版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2023.
54.	谭启富. 癫痫外科学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012.

1. Blümcke I, Aronica E, Miyata H, et al. International recommendation for a comprehensive neuropathologic workup of epilepsy surgery brain tissue: A consensus Task Force report from the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods. Epilepsia, 2016, 57(3): 348-358.
2. Blumcke I, Spreafico R, Haaker G, et al. Histopathological Findings in Brain Tissue Obtained during Epilepsy Surgery. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377(17): 1648-1656.
3. Liu S, Yu T, Guan Y, et al. Resective epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis complex: a nationwide multicentre retrospective study from China. Brain, 2020, 143(2): 570-581.
4. Jayalakshmi S, Vooturi S, Vadapalli R, et al. Predictors of surgical outcome in focal cortical dysplasia and its subtypes. J Neurosurg, 2022, 136(2): 512-522.
5. Licchetta L, Vignatelli L, Toni F, et al. Long-term Outcome of Epilepsy and Cortical Malformations Due to Abnormal Migration and Postmigrational Development: A Cohort Study. Neurology, 2022, 99(1): e23-e32.
6. Balestrini S, Barba C, Thom M, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia: a practical guide for neurologists. Practical Neurology, 2023, 3(2): 256-261.
7. Nguyen D, Singh S, Zaatreh M, et al. Hypothalamic hamartomas: seven cases and review of the literature. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2003, 4(3): 246-258.
8. Curatolo, Paolo. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Epilepsy. Pediatric Neurology, 2015, 52(3): 281-289.
9. Paliotti K, Dassi C, Berrahmoune S, et al. The phenotypic spectrum of epilepsy associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia. J Neurol, 2023, 270(8): 3934-3945.
10. Guerrini R, Carrozzo R. Epilepsy and genetic malformations of the cerebral cortex. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 2001, 106(2): 234-238.
11. Maillard L, Ramantani G. Epilepsy surgery for polymicrogyria: a challenge to be undertaken. Epileptic Disord, 2018, 20(5): 319-338.
12. Lamberink H J, Otte W M, Blümcke I, et al. Seizure outcome and use of antiepileptic drugs after epilepsy surgery according to histopathological diagnosis: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. The Lancet Neurology, 2020, 19(9): 748-757.
13. Mathern G W. Challenges in the surgical treatment of epilepsy patients with cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(3): 689-693.
14. Srour M, Rioux M F, Varga C, et al. The clinical spectrum of nodular heterotopias in children: report of 31 patients. Epilepsia, 2011, 52(4): 728-737.
15. Valentin A, Lazaro M, Mullatti N, et al. Cingulate epileptogenesis in hypothalamic hamartoma. Epilepsia, 2011, 52(5): 901-905.
16. Liu WY, Zhou D. Filamin A gene associated periventricular nodular heterotopia and epilepsy in a cohort of chinese patients. Chin Med J (Engl), 2017, 130(20): 2506-2507.
17. Chu‐Shore C J, Major P, Camposano S, et al. The natural history of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(7): 1236-1241.
18. Yoo SJ, Lee JY, Lee YJ, et al. Diffusion Tensor imaging and quantitative magnetic resonance volumetric assessment in the diagnosis of hemimegalencephaly: a case report. Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology, 2019, 80(1): 103-105.
19. Koenig M, Dobyns W, Donato N D. Lissencephaly: Update on diagnostics and clinical management. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2021, 35: 147-152.
20. Tassi L, Colombo N, Garbelli R, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia: neuropathological subtypes, EEG, neuroimaging and surgical outcome. Brain, 2002, 125(Pt 8): 1719-1732.
21. Brázdil M, Halámek J, Jurák P, et al. Interictal high-frequency oscillations indicate seizure onset zone in patients with focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsy Research, 2010, 89(1-2): 28-32.
22. Boonyapisit K, Najm I, Klem G, et al. Epileptogenicity of focal malformations due to abnormal cortical development: direct electrocorticographic-histopathologic correlations. Epilepsia, 2003, 44(1): 69-76.
23. Mirandola L, Mai RF, Francione S, et al. Stereo-EEG: Diagnostic and therapeutic tool for periventricular nodular heterotopia epilepsies. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(11): 1962-71.
24. Khoo HM, Ellenrieder NV, Zazubovits N, et al. Internodular functional connectivity in heterotopia‐related epilepsy. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 2019, 6(5): 851-853.
25. Pitrik K, Leo T, Denese H. Crises dacrystiques et hamartome hypothalamique: a propos d'une observation video-stereo-EEG. Epilepsia, 1994, 6: 259-279.
26. Kerrigan JF, Ng YT, Chung S, et al. The hypothalamic hamartoma: a model of subcortical epileptogenesis and encephalopathy. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 2005, 12(2): 119-131.
27. Benabid AL, Ryvlin P, Minotti L, et al. From hypothalamic hamartoma to cortex: what can be learnt from depth recordings and stimulation? Epileptic Disord, 2003, 5: 205-217.
28. Neal A, Ostrowsky-Coste K, Jung J, et al. Epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex: a stereoelectroencephalographic study. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(1): 81-95.
29. Stephenson SEM, Maixner WJ, Barton SM, et al. Resection of tuber centers only for seizure control in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsy Res, 2021, 171: 106572.
30. Zhang J, Yang Z, Yang Z, et al. Successful surgery for refractory seizures associated with bilateral schizencephaly: two case reports and literature review. Neurol Sci, 2016, 37(7): 1079-1088.
31. Krsek P, Maton B, Jayakar P, et al. Incomplete resection of focal cortical dysplasia is the main predictor of poor postsurgical outcome. Neurology, 2009, 72(3): 217-223.
32. Bourdillon P, Rheims S, Catenoix H, et al. Malformations of cortical development: New surgical advances. Rev Neurol (Paris), 2019, 175(3): 183-188.
33. 刘庆祝, 蔡立新, 刘晓燕, 等. 儿童后象限脑皮质发育障碍致难治性癫痫的手术治疗. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2017, 19(3): 259-263.
34. Macdonald-Laurs E, Maixner WJ, Bailey CA, et al. One-Stage, Limited-Resection Epilepsy Surgery for Bottom-of-Sulcus Dysplasia. Neurology, 2021, 97(2): e178-e190.
35. Walger L, Adler S, Wagstyl K, et al. Artificial intelligence for the detection of focal cortical dysplasia: Challenges in translating algorithms into clinical practice. Epilepsia, 2023, 64(5): 1093-1112.
36. Prada F, Gennari AG, Quaia E, et al. Advanced intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) techniques in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) surgery: a preliminary experience on a case series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2020, 198: 106188.
37. Kahane P, Ryvlin P, Hoffmann D, et al. From hypothalamic hamartoma to cortex: what can be learnt from depth recordings and stimulation? Epileptic Disord, 2003, 5(4): 205-217.
38. Liu C, Zheng Z, Shao XQ, et al. Stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for hypothalamic hamartoma: Electroclinical patterns and the relationship with surgical prognosis. Epilepsy Behav, 2021, 118: 107957.
39. Scholly J, Staack AM, Kahane P, et al. Hypothalamic hamartoma: Epileptogenesis beyond the lesion? Epilepsia, 2017, 58(Suppl 2): 32-40.
40. Lhatoo SD, Kahane P, Lüders HO. Invasive Studies of the Human Epileptic Brain: Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018.
41. Khoo HM, Gotman J, Hall JA, et al. Treatment of Epilepsy Associated with Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2020, 20(12): 59.
42. 中国医师协会神经外科分会功能神经外科学组, 中国抗癫痫协会, 国家神经外科手术机器人应用示范项目专家指导委员会. 立体定向脑电图引导射频热凝毁损治疗药物难治性癫痫的中国专家共识. 中华医学杂志, 2021, 101(29): 1-7.
43. Pizzo F, Roehri N, Catenoix H, et al. Epileptogenic networks in nodular heterotopia: a stereoelectroencephalography study. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(12): 2112-2123.
44. Ladino LD, Dash C, Wu A, et al. Intracranial investigation of a patient with nodular heterotopia and hippocampal sclerosis: dealing with a dual pathology. Epileptic Disord, 2017, 19(2): 195-201.
45. Agrawal M, Samala R, Doddamani RS, et al. Is surgery effective for treating hypothalamic hamartoma causing isolated central precocious puberty? A systematic review. Neurosurg Rev, 2021, 44(6): 3087-3105.
46. Lehner KR, D'Amico RS, Rahme R, et al. Microsurgical management of complex hypothalamic hamartomas in the era of minimally invasive therapy: a case series and narrative review. World Neurosurg, 2022, 160: e388-e397.
47. Kamida T, Maruyama T, Fujiki M, et al. Total callosotomy for a case of lissencephaly presenting with West syndrome and generalized seizures. Childs Nerv Syst, 2005, 21(12): 1056-1060.
48. Lee YJ, Kang HC, Lee JS, et al. Resective pediatric epilepsy surgery in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Pediatrics, 2010, 125(1): e58-e66.
49. Kim JY, Kang HC, Cho JH, et al. Combined use of multiple computational intracranial EEG analysis techniques for the localization of epileptogenic zones in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Clin EEG Neurosci, 2014, 45(3): 169-178.
50. Jehi LE, O'Dwyer R, Najm I, et al. A longitudinal study of surgical outcome and its determinants following posterior cortex epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(9): 2040-2052.
51. Koh S, Nguyen S, Asarnow RF, et al. Five or more acute postoperative seizures predict hospital course and long-term seizure control after hemispherectomy. Epilepsia, 2004, 45(5): 527-533.
52. Di Gennaro G, D'Aniello A, De Risi M, et al. Prognostic significance of acute postoperative seizures in extra-temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Clin Neurophysiol, 2013, 124(8): 1536-1540.
53. 中国抗癫痫协会. 临床诊疗指南•癫痫病分册(2023版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2023.
54. 谭启富. 癫痫外科学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012.

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