药物治疗是癫痫主要治疗手段。早期选择合适的抗癫痫发作药物(Antiseizure medications,ASMs)对控制癫痫的发作至关重要。第三代ASM吡仑帕奈作为非竞争性α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑丙酸(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid,AMPA)受体拮抗剂,通过阻断谷氨酸(Glutamate,Glu)介导的兴奋性传递抑制癫痫发作,目前已广泛用于多种类型的癫痫发作。为促进其在我国成人癫痫中的更合理使用,保障临床用药的有效性和安全性,中国抗癫痫协会药物治疗专业委员会组织该领域专家,根据美国神经病学学会(American Academy of Neurology,AAN)/美国癫痫协会(American Epilepsy Society,AES)指南证据评级方法对研究进行评级,结合德尔菲(Delphi)法以线上问卷的形式对每一条推荐意见进行投票表决,经统计处理最终制定本共识,以供临床使用。
Citation: 中国抗癫痫协会药物治疗专业委员会. 吡仑帕奈治疗成人癫痫的中国专家共识. Journal of Epilepsy, 2024, 10(5): 373-383. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202406016 Copy
1. | Epilepsy: a public health imperative. Summary. [Z]//WHO. https://www. ilae.org. 2019. |
2. | Liu W, Xu Y, Lin Y, et al. Burden of epilepsy in China and its provinces, 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Chinese Medical Journal, 2023, 136(3): 305-312. |
3. | Yu P, Zhou D, Liao W, et al. An investigation of the characteristics of outpatients with epilepsy and antiepileptic drug utilization in a multicenter cross-sectional study in China. Epilepsy Behav, 2017, 69: 126-132. |
4. | Ding D, Zhou D, Sander JW, et al. Epilepsy in China: major progress in the past two decades. Lancet Neurol, 2021, 20(4): 316-326. |
5. | Hong Z, Qu B, Wu XT, et al. Economic burden of epilepsy in a developing country: a retrospective cost analysis in China. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(10): 2192-2198. |
6. | Mu J, Liu L, Zhang Q, et al. Causes of death among people with convulsive epilepsy in rural West China: a prospective study. Neurology, 2011, 77(2): 132-137. |
7. | 成人癫痫患者长程管理共识专家协作组. 关于成人癫痫患者长程管理的专家共识. 中华神经科杂志, 2013, 46(7): 496-499. |
8. | Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Epilepsy after the first drug fails: substitution or add-on? Seizure, 2000, 9(7): 464-468. |
9. | Hakeem H, Alsfouk BA, Kwan P, et al. Should substitution monotherapy or combination therapy be used after failure of the first antiseizure medication? Observations from a 30-year cohort study. Epilepsia, 2023, 64(5): 1248-1258. |
10. | Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Kwan P. What has been the impact of new drug treatments on epilepsy? Curr Opin Neurol, 2020, 33(2): 185-190. |
11. | Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Liew D, et al. Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study. JAMA Neurol, 2018, 75(3): 279-286. |
12. | Kanner AM, Bicchi MM. Antiseizure medications for adults with epilepsy. JAMA, 2022, 327(13): 1269-1281. |
13. | Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology, 2018, 91(2): 74-81. |
14. | Sign. SIGN 143 Diagnosis and management of epilepsy in adults. Edinburgh, 2015: 1-94. |
15. | Gonzalez-Viana E, Sen A, Bonnon A, et al. Epilepsies in children, young people, and adults: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ, 2022, 378: 1446. |
16. | Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: treatment-resistant epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology, 2018, 91(2): 82-90. |
17. | Zhang Y, Gao B, Zheng F, et al. The phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor PF-2545920 enhances hippocampal excitability and seizure activity involving the upregulation of GluA1 and NR2A in post-synaptic densities. Front Mol Neurosci, 2017, 10: 100. |
18. | Meldrum BS, Akbar MT, Chapman AG. Glutamate receptors and transporters in genetic and acquired models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res, 1999, 36(2-3): 189-204. |
19. | Rogawski MA, Löscher W, Rho JM. Mechanisms of action of antiseizure drugs and the ketogenic diet. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2016, 6(5): a022780. |
20. | Di Bonaventura C, Labate A, Maschio M, et al. AMPA receptors and perampanel behind selected epilepsies: current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2017, 18(16): 1751-1764. |
21. | 卫材(中国)药业有限公司. 吡仑帕奈片说明书: [S]. 2020. |
22. | 中国抗癫痫协会. 临床诊疗指南: 癫痫病分册(2023修订版). 北京: 人民出版社, 2023. |
23. | Yamamoto T, Gil-Nagel A, Wheless JW, et al. Perampanel monotherapy for the treatment of epilepsy: Clinical trial and real-world evidence. Epilepsy Behav, 2022, 136: 108885. |
24. | Yamamoto T, Lim SC, Ninomiya H, et al. Efficacy and safety of perampanel monotherapy in patients with focal‐onset seizures with newly diagnosed epilepsy or recurrence of epilepsy after a period of remission: The open‐label Study 342 (FREEDOM Study). Epilepsia Open, 2020, 5(2): 274-284. |
25. | Ma H, Zhu H, Chen F, et al. Efficacy and safety of perampanel monotherapy in Chinese patients with focal‐onset seizures: A single‐center, prospective, real‐world observational study. Epilepsia Open, 2023, 8(4): 1474-1483. |
26. | Bresnahan R, Hill RA, Wang J. Perampanel add-on for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2023, 4(4): CD010961. |
27. | Rektor I, Krauss GL, Inoue Y, et al. Assessment of the long‐term efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel in tonic‐clonic seizures: Analysis of four open‐label extension studies. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(7): 1491-1502. |
28. | Gao L, Lu Q, Wang Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of perampanel as early add-on therapy in Chinese patients with focal-onset seizures: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm study. Frontiers in Neurology, 2023, 14: 1236046. |
29. | Glauser T, Laurenza A, Yang H, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of adjunct perampanel based on number of antiepileptic drugs at baseline and baseline predictors of efficacy: A phase III post-hoc analysis. Epilepsy Res, 2016, 119: 34-40. |
30. | French JA, Krauss GL, Wechsler RT, et al. Perampanel for tonic-clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy A randomized trial. Neurology, 2015, 85(11): 950-957. |
31. | Weiping L, Dong Z, Zhen H, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel in patients from China with focal seizures or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures: Post hoc analysis of phase III double‐blind and open‐label extension studies. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2020, 27(3): 330-340. |
32. | 齐霜, 郑舒畅, 余建东, 等. 抗癫痫药物加重癫痫发作的现状及机制研究进展. 中华神经医学杂志, 2019, 18(7): 745-749. |
33. | D'souza W, Alsaadi T, Montoya J, et al. Perampanel for the treatment of patients with myoclonic seizures in clinical practice: Evidence from the PERMIT study. Seizure, 2022, 100: 56-66. |
34. | Brandt C, Wechsler RT, O'brien TJ, et al. Adjunctive perampanel and myoclonic and absence seizures: Post hoc analysis of data from study 332 in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Seizure, 2020, 80: 115-123. |
35. | Zwart R, Sher E, Ping X, et al. Perampanel, an antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, for the treatment of epilepsy: studies in human epileptic brain and nonepileptic brain and in rodent models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2014, 351(1): 124-133. |
36. | Labate A, Fortunato F, Giugno A, et al. Perampanel as first add-on choice on the treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: an observational real-life study. Neurological Sciences, 2020, 42(4): 1389-1394. |
37. | Sveinsson O, Andersson T, Carlsson S, et al. Type, Etiology, and Duration of Epilepsy as Risk Factors for SUDEP: Further Analyses of a Population-Based Case-Control Study. Neurology, 2023, 101(22): e2257-e2265. |
38. | Tinuper P, Bisulli F, Cross J H, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. Neurology, 2016, 86(19): 1834-1842. |
39. | Lim SN, Cheng MY, Hsieh HY, et al. Treatment of pharmacoresistant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) with the selective AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel. Sleep Med, 2021, 81: 382-386. |
40. | Canafoglia L, Barbella G, Ferlazzo E, et al. An Italian multicentre study of perampanel in progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Epilepsy Research, 2019, 156: 106191. |
41. | Mir A, Alghamdi A, Alotaibi W, et al. A systematic review of the efficacy of perampanel as treatment for myoclonic seizures and symptomatic myoclonus. Epileptic Disord, 2022, 24(4): 633-646. |
42. | Malter M P, Neuneier J. Super-refractory status epilepticus in adults. Neurol Res Pract, 2022, 4(1): 35. |
43. | Qin N, Wang J, Wu X, et al. Characterization and prognosis of autoimmune encephalitis in the neurological intensive care unit: a retrospective study. Neurol Sci, 2023, 44(8): 2889-2895. |
44. | Li Y, Tian L, Zeng T, et al. Clinical features and outcome of super-refractory status epilepticus: a retrospective analysis in West China. Seizure, 2014, 23(9): 722-727. |
45. | Perez DQ, Espiritu AI, Jamora RDG. Perampanel in achieving status epilepticus cessation: a systematic review. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2022, 128: 108583. |
46. | Venkataramani V, Tanev DI, Strahle C, et al. Glutamatergic synaptic input to glioma cells drives brain tumour progression. Nature, 2019, 573(7775): 532-538. |
47. | Tabaee Damavandi P, Pasini F, Fanella G, et al. Perampanel in brain tumor-related epilepsy: a systematic review. Brain Sci, 2023, 13(2): 326. |
48. | Coppola A, Zarabla A, Maialetti A, et al. Perampanel confirms to be effective and well-tolerated as an add-on treatment in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy (PERADET study). Front Neurol, 2020, 11: 592. |
49. | Suda S, Kimura K. Therapeutic potential of AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel against cerebral ischemia: beyond epileptic disorder. Neural Regen Res, 2019, 14(9): 1525-1526. |
50. | Nakajima M, Suda S, Sowa K, et al. AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel ameliorates post-stroke functional and cognitive impairments. Neuroscience, 2018, 386: 256-264. |
51. | Chen T, Dai SH, Jiang ZQ, et al. The AMPAR antagonist perampanel attenuates traumatic brain injury through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2017, 37(1): 43-52. |
52. | Niu HX, Wang JZ, Wang DL, et al. The orally active noncompetitive AMPAR antagonist perampanel attenuates focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 38(2): 459-466. |
53. | Lv JM, Guo XM, Chen B, et al. The noncompetitive AMPAR antagonist perampanel abrogates brain endothelial cell permeability in response to ischemia: involvement of claudin-5. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2016, 36(5): 745-753. |
54. | Yan C, Yang T, Sun Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of Perampanel in the treatment of post stroke epilepsy: a multicenter, real-world study. Heliyon, 2024, 10(5): e26376. |
55. | 中华医学会神经病学分会神经感染性疾病与脑脊液细胞学学组. 中国自身免疫性脑炎诊治专家共识(2022年版). 中华神经科杂志. 2022, 55(9): 931-949. |
56. | Wang T, Wen B, Chi Z, et al. The well responsiveness of drug-resistant focal seizures in anti-AMPA2 receptor encephalitis to perampanel treatment. Neurol Sci, 2022, 43(1): 525-532. |
57. | Akiyama H, Sasaki R, Hasegawa Y. Efficacy of perampanel for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, 98(2): e14033. |
58. | Guo C, Ma YY. Calcium permeable-AMPA receptors and excitotoxicity in neurological disorders. Front Neural Circuits, 2021, 15: 711564. |
59. | Hsieh H, Boehm J, Sato C, et al. AMPAR removal underlies Abeta-induced synaptic depression and dendritic spine loss. Neuron, 2006, 52(5): 831-843. |
60. | Knobloch M, Mansuy IM. Dendritic spine loss and synaptic alterations in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol, 2008, 37(1): 73-82. |
61. | Kumamoto A, Chiba Y, Suda A, et al. A severe dementia case in end of life care with psychiatric symptoms treated by Perampanel. J Epilepsy Res, 2021, 11(1): 93-95. |
62. | Keezer MR, Sisodiya SM, Sander JW. Comorbidities of epilepsy: current concepts and future perspectives. Lancet Neurol, 2016, 15(1): 106-115. |
63. | Safarpour Lima B, Zokaei A, Assarzadegan F, et al. Prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Epilepsy Behav, 2021, 114(Pt A): 107635. |
64. | Latreille V, St Louis EK, Pavlova M. Co-morbid sleep disorders and epilepsy: a narrative review and case examples. Epilepsy Res, 2018, 145: 185-197. |
65. | Xu Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, et al. Long-term treatment with Perampanel of Chinese patients with focal-onset seizures, especially in sleep-related epilepsy: a prospective real-world observational study. Front Neurol, 2024, 15: 1364295. |
66. | Liguori C, Toledo M, Kothare S. Effects of anti-seizure medications on sleep architecture and daytime sleepiness in patients with epilepsy: a literature review. Sleep Med Rev, 2021, 60: 101559. |
67. | Lee SA, Jung M, Kim SJ, et al. Insomnia is less prevalent and less severe, independent of depressive symptoms, in patients with epilepsy treated with perampanel as an adjuvant. Epilepsy Behav, 2020, 112: 107384. |
68. | Rocamora R, Álvarez I, Chavarría B, et al. Perampanel effect on sleep architecture in patients with epilepsy. Seizure, 2020, 76: 137-142. |
69. | Meador KJ, Yang H, Piña‐Garza JE, et al. Cognitive effects of adjunctive perampanel for partial‐onset seizures: a randomized trial. Epilepsia, 2016, 57(2): 243-251. |
70. | Witt JA, Helmstaedter C. The impact of perampanel on cognition: a systematic review of studies employing standardized tests in patients with epilepsy. Seizure, 2022, 94: 107-111. |
71. | Zhai Q, Wang K, Zhang D, et al. Perampanel ameliorates nitroglycerin-induced migraine through inhibition of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway in the trigeminal ganglion in rats. The Korean Journal of Pain, 2023, 36(3): 335-346. |
72. | Fernandes M, Dono F, Dainese F, et al. Perampanel may represent an effective treatment for the prevention of migraine comorbid with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 125: 108391. |
73. | Steinhoff BJ, Ben-Menachem E, Ryvlin P, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel for the treatment of refractory partial seizures: a pooled analysis of three phase III studies. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(8): 1481-1489. |
74. | Krauss GL, Perucca E, Ben-Menachem E, et al. Long-term safety of perampanel and seizure outcomes in refractory partial-onset seizures and secondarily generalized seizures: results from phase III extension study 307. Epilepsia, 2014, 55(7): 1058-1068. |
75. | FDA. Highlight of prescribing information. 2012. |
76. | Brigo F, Lattanzi S. Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for late-onset epilepsy. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2021, 22(4): 389-391. |
77. | Wheless J, Wechsler RT, Penovich P, et al. Effectiveness, safety and tolerability of perampanel by age group when used to treat people with focal and generalized epilepsy in clinical practice: The PERMIT Extension study. Epilepsy Behav, 2023, 147: 109369. |
78. | Villanueva V, Garcés M, López-González FJ, et al. Safety, efficacy and outcome-related factors of perampanel over 12 months in a real-world setting: The FYDATA study. Epilepsy Res, 2016, 126: 201-210. |
79. | Vazquez B, Yang H, Williams B, et al. Perampanel efficacy and safety by gender: Subanalysis of phase III randomized clinical studies in subjects with partial seizures. Epilepsia, 2015, 56(7): e90-94. |
80. | Holmes LB, Wyszynski DF. North American antiepileptic drug pregnancy registry. Epilepsia, 2004, 45(11): 1465. |
81. | Latest Study Data - October 2023. https://www.aedpregnancyregistry. org/latest-data/. 2023. |
82. | Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, et al. EURAP: an international registry of antiepileptic drugs and pregnancy. Epilepsia, 2004, 45(11): 1463-1464. |
83. | An International Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy Registry Interim Report – NOVEMBER 2023. https://eurapinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/EurapReport_November-2023.pdf. |
84. | Vazquez B, Tomson T, Dobrinsky C, et al. Perampanel and pregnancy. Epilepsia, 2021, 62(3): 698-708. |
85. | Alicino AM, Falcicchio G, Boero G, et al. Perampanel during pregnancy: description of four cases. Epilepsy Behav Rep, 2021, 16: 100490. |
86. | Chinvarun Y, Huang CW, Wu Y, et al. Optimal use of Perampanel in Asian patients with epilepsy: expert opinion. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 2021, 17: 739-746. |
87. | Huang CW, Boonyapisit K, Gunadharma S, et al. Optimal Use of perampanel in elderly asian patients with epilepsy: expert opinion. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 2022, 18: 825-832. |
88. | Brodie MJ, Barry SJ, Bamagous GA, et al. Effect of dosage failed of first antiepileptic drug on subsequent outcome. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(1): 194-198. |
89. | Hao X, Chen Z, Yan B, et al. Impact of Drug Manipulation on Seizure Freedom in Adults with Uncontrolled Epilepsy: A Prospective Controlled Study in Rural China. CNS Drugs, 2017, 31(3): 237-243. |
90. | Rohracher A, Zimmermann G, Villanueva V, et al. Perampanel in routine clinical use across Europe: Pooled, multicenter, observational data. Epilepsia, 2018, 59(9): 1727-1739. |
- 1. Epilepsy: a public health imperative. Summary. [Z]//WHO. https://www. ilae.org. 2019.
- 2. Liu W, Xu Y, Lin Y, et al. Burden of epilepsy in China and its provinces, 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Chinese Medical Journal, 2023, 136(3): 305-312.
- 3. Yu P, Zhou D, Liao W, et al. An investigation of the characteristics of outpatients with epilepsy and antiepileptic drug utilization in a multicenter cross-sectional study in China. Epilepsy Behav, 2017, 69: 126-132.
- 4. Ding D, Zhou D, Sander JW, et al. Epilepsy in China: major progress in the past two decades. Lancet Neurol, 2021, 20(4): 316-326.
- 5. Hong Z, Qu B, Wu XT, et al. Economic burden of epilepsy in a developing country: a retrospective cost analysis in China. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(10): 2192-2198.
- 6. Mu J, Liu L, Zhang Q, et al. Causes of death among people with convulsive epilepsy in rural West China: a prospective study. Neurology, 2011, 77(2): 132-137.
- 7. 成人癫痫患者长程管理共识专家协作组. 关于成人癫痫患者长程管理的专家共识. 中华神经科杂志, 2013, 46(7): 496-499.
- 8. Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Epilepsy after the first drug fails: substitution or add-on? Seizure, 2000, 9(7): 464-468.
- 9. Hakeem H, Alsfouk BA, Kwan P, et al. Should substitution monotherapy or combination therapy be used after failure of the first antiseizure medication? Observations from a 30-year cohort study. Epilepsia, 2023, 64(5): 1248-1258.
- 10. Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Kwan P. What has been the impact of new drug treatments on epilepsy? Curr Opin Neurol, 2020, 33(2): 185-190.
- 11. Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Liew D, et al. Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study. JAMA Neurol, 2018, 75(3): 279-286.
- 12. Kanner AM, Bicchi MM. Antiseizure medications for adults with epilepsy. JAMA, 2022, 327(13): 1269-1281.
- 13. Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology, 2018, 91(2): 74-81.
- 14. Sign. SIGN 143 Diagnosis and management of epilepsy in adults. Edinburgh, 2015: 1-94.
- 15. Gonzalez-Viana E, Sen A, Bonnon A, et al. Epilepsies in children, young people, and adults: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ, 2022, 378: 1446.
- 16. Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: treatment-resistant epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology, 2018, 91(2): 82-90.
- 17. Zhang Y, Gao B, Zheng F, et al. The phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor PF-2545920 enhances hippocampal excitability and seizure activity involving the upregulation of GluA1 and NR2A in post-synaptic densities. Front Mol Neurosci, 2017, 10: 100.
- 18. Meldrum BS, Akbar MT, Chapman AG. Glutamate receptors and transporters in genetic and acquired models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res, 1999, 36(2-3): 189-204.
- 19. Rogawski MA, Löscher W, Rho JM. Mechanisms of action of antiseizure drugs and the ketogenic diet. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2016, 6(5): a022780.
- 20. Di Bonaventura C, Labate A, Maschio M, et al. AMPA receptors and perampanel behind selected epilepsies: current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2017, 18(16): 1751-1764.
- 21. 卫材(中国)药业有限公司. 吡仑帕奈片说明书: [S]. 2020.
- 22. 中国抗癫痫协会. 临床诊疗指南: 癫痫病分册(2023修订版). 北京: 人民出版社, 2023.
- 23. Yamamoto T, Gil-Nagel A, Wheless JW, et al. Perampanel monotherapy for the treatment of epilepsy: Clinical trial and real-world evidence. Epilepsy Behav, 2022, 136: 108885.
- 24. Yamamoto T, Lim SC, Ninomiya H, et al. Efficacy and safety of perampanel monotherapy in patients with focal‐onset seizures with newly diagnosed epilepsy or recurrence of epilepsy after a period of remission: The open‐label Study 342 (FREEDOM Study). Epilepsia Open, 2020, 5(2): 274-284.
- 25. Ma H, Zhu H, Chen F, et al. Efficacy and safety of perampanel monotherapy in Chinese patients with focal‐onset seizures: A single‐center, prospective, real‐world observational study. Epilepsia Open, 2023, 8(4): 1474-1483.
- 26. Bresnahan R, Hill RA, Wang J. Perampanel add-on for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2023, 4(4): CD010961.
- 27. Rektor I, Krauss GL, Inoue Y, et al. Assessment of the long‐term efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel in tonic‐clonic seizures: Analysis of four open‐label extension studies. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(7): 1491-1502.
- 28. Gao L, Lu Q, Wang Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of perampanel as early add-on therapy in Chinese patients with focal-onset seizures: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm study. Frontiers in Neurology, 2023, 14: 1236046.
- 29. Glauser T, Laurenza A, Yang H, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of adjunct perampanel based on number of antiepileptic drugs at baseline and baseline predictors of efficacy: A phase III post-hoc analysis. Epilepsy Res, 2016, 119: 34-40.
- 30. French JA, Krauss GL, Wechsler RT, et al. Perampanel for tonic-clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy A randomized trial. Neurology, 2015, 85(11): 950-957.
- 31. Weiping L, Dong Z, Zhen H, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel in patients from China with focal seizures or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures: Post hoc analysis of phase III double‐blind and open‐label extension studies. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2020, 27(3): 330-340.
- 32. 齐霜, 郑舒畅, 余建东, 等. 抗癫痫药物加重癫痫发作的现状及机制研究进展. 中华神经医学杂志, 2019, 18(7): 745-749.
- 33. D'souza W, Alsaadi T, Montoya J, et al. Perampanel for the treatment of patients with myoclonic seizures in clinical practice: Evidence from the PERMIT study. Seizure, 2022, 100: 56-66.
- 34. Brandt C, Wechsler RT, O'brien TJ, et al. Adjunctive perampanel and myoclonic and absence seizures: Post hoc analysis of data from study 332 in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Seizure, 2020, 80: 115-123.
- 35. Zwart R, Sher E, Ping X, et al. Perampanel, an antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, for the treatment of epilepsy: studies in human epileptic brain and nonepileptic brain and in rodent models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2014, 351(1): 124-133.
- 36. Labate A, Fortunato F, Giugno A, et al. Perampanel as first add-on choice on the treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: an observational real-life study. Neurological Sciences, 2020, 42(4): 1389-1394.
- 37. Sveinsson O, Andersson T, Carlsson S, et al. Type, Etiology, and Duration of Epilepsy as Risk Factors for SUDEP: Further Analyses of a Population-Based Case-Control Study. Neurology, 2023, 101(22): e2257-e2265.
- 38. Tinuper P, Bisulli F, Cross J H, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. Neurology, 2016, 86(19): 1834-1842.
- 39. Lim SN, Cheng MY, Hsieh HY, et al. Treatment of pharmacoresistant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) with the selective AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel. Sleep Med, 2021, 81: 382-386.
- 40. Canafoglia L, Barbella G, Ferlazzo E, et al. An Italian multicentre study of perampanel in progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Epilepsy Research, 2019, 156: 106191.
- 41. Mir A, Alghamdi A, Alotaibi W, et al. A systematic review of the efficacy of perampanel as treatment for myoclonic seizures and symptomatic myoclonus. Epileptic Disord, 2022, 24(4): 633-646.
- 42. Malter M P, Neuneier J. Super-refractory status epilepticus in adults. Neurol Res Pract, 2022, 4(1): 35.
- 43. Qin N, Wang J, Wu X, et al. Characterization and prognosis of autoimmune encephalitis in the neurological intensive care unit: a retrospective study. Neurol Sci, 2023, 44(8): 2889-2895.
- 44. Li Y, Tian L, Zeng T, et al. Clinical features and outcome of super-refractory status epilepticus: a retrospective analysis in West China. Seizure, 2014, 23(9): 722-727.
- 45. Perez DQ, Espiritu AI, Jamora RDG. Perampanel in achieving status epilepticus cessation: a systematic review. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2022, 128: 108583.
- 46. Venkataramani V, Tanev DI, Strahle C, et al. Glutamatergic synaptic input to glioma cells drives brain tumour progression. Nature, 2019, 573(7775): 532-538.
- 47. Tabaee Damavandi P, Pasini F, Fanella G, et al. Perampanel in brain tumor-related epilepsy: a systematic review. Brain Sci, 2023, 13(2): 326.
- 48. Coppola A, Zarabla A, Maialetti A, et al. Perampanel confirms to be effective and well-tolerated as an add-on treatment in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy (PERADET study). Front Neurol, 2020, 11: 592.
- 49. Suda S, Kimura K. Therapeutic potential of AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel against cerebral ischemia: beyond epileptic disorder. Neural Regen Res, 2019, 14(9): 1525-1526.
- 50. Nakajima M, Suda S, Sowa K, et al. AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel ameliorates post-stroke functional and cognitive impairments. Neuroscience, 2018, 386: 256-264.
- 51. Chen T, Dai SH, Jiang ZQ, et al. The AMPAR antagonist perampanel attenuates traumatic brain injury through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2017, 37(1): 43-52.
- 52. Niu HX, Wang JZ, Wang DL, et al. The orally active noncompetitive AMPAR antagonist perampanel attenuates focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 38(2): 459-466.
- 53. Lv JM, Guo XM, Chen B, et al. The noncompetitive AMPAR antagonist perampanel abrogates brain endothelial cell permeability in response to ischemia: involvement of claudin-5. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2016, 36(5): 745-753.
- 54. Yan C, Yang T, Sun Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of Perampanel in the treatment of post stroke epilepsy: a multicenter, real-world study. Heliyon, 2024, 10(5): e26376.
- 55. 中华医学会神经病学分会神经感染性疾病与脑脊液细胞学学组. 中国自身免疫性脑炎诊治专家共识(2022年版). 中华神经科杂志. 2022, 55(9): 931-949.
- 56. Wang T, Wen B, Chi Z, et al. The well responsiveness of drug-resistant focal seizures in anti-AMPA2 receptor encephalitis to perampanel treatment. Neurol Sci, 2022, 43(1): 525-532.
- 57. Akiyama H, Sasaki R, Hasegawa Y. Efficacy of perampanel for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, 98(2): e14033.
- 58. Guo C, Ma YY. Calcium permeable-AMPA receptors and excitotoxicity in neurological disorders. Front Neural Circuits, 2021, 15: 711564.
- 59. Hsieh H, Boehm J, Sato C, et al. AMPAR removal underlies Abeta-induced synaptic depression and dendritic spine loss. Neuron, 2006, 52(5): 831-843.
- 60. Knobloch M, Mansuy IM. Dendritic spine loss and synaptic alterations in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol, 2008, 37(1): 73-82.
- 61. Kumamoto A, Chiba Y, Suda A, et al. A severe dementia case in end of life care with psychiatric symptoms treated by Perampanel. J Epilepsy Res, 2021, 11(1): 93-95.
- 62. Keezer MR, Sisodiya SM, Sander JW. Comorbidities of epilepsy: current concepts and future perspectives. Lancet Neurol, 2016, 15(1): 106-115.
- 63. Safarpour Lima B, Zokaei A, Assarzadegan F, et al. Prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Epilepsy Behav, 2021, 114(Pt A): 107635.
- 64. Latreille V, St Louis EK, Pavlova M. Co-morbid sleep disorders and epilepsy: a narrative review and case examples. Epilepsy Res, 2018, 145: 185-197.
- 65. Xu Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, et al. Long-term treatment with Perampanel of Chinese patients with focal-onset seizures, especially in sleep-related epilepsy: a prospective real-world observational study. Front Neurol, 2024, 15: 1364295.
- 66. Liguori C, Toledo M, Kothare S. Effects of anti-seizure medications on sleep architecture and daytime sleepiness in patients with epilepsy: a literature review. Sleep Med Rev, 2021, 60: 101559.
- 67. Lee SA, Jung M, Kim SJ, et al. Insomnia is less prevalent and less severe, independent of depressive symptoms, in patients with epilepsy treated with perampanel as an adjuvant. Epilepsy Behav, 2020, 112: 107384.
- 68. Rocamora R, Álvarez I, Chavarría B, et al. Perampanel effect on sleep architecture in patients with epilepsy. Seizure, 2020, 76: 137-142.
- 69. Meador KJ, Yang H, Piña‐Garza JE, et al. Cognitive effects of adjunctive perampanel for partial‐onset seizures: a randomized trial. Epilepsia, 2016, 57(2): 243-251.
- 70. Witt JA, Helmstaedter C. The impact of perampanel on cognition: a systematic review of studies employing standardized tests in patients with epilepsy. Seizure, 2022, 94: 107-111.
- 71. Zhai Q, Wang K, Zhang D, et al. Perampanel ameliorates nitroglycerin-induced migraine through inhibition of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway in the trigeminal ganglion in rats. The Korean Journal of Pain, 2023, 36(3): 335-346.
- 72. Fernandes M, Dono F, Dainese F, et al. Perampanel may represent an effective treatment for the prevention of migraine comorbid with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 125: 108391.
- 73. Steinhoff BJ, Ben-Menachem E, Ryvlin P, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel for the treatment of refractory partial seizures: a pooled analysis of three phase III studies. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(8): 1481-1489.
- 74. Krauss GL, Perucca E, Ben-Menachem E, et al. Long-term safety of perampanel and seizure outcomes in refractory partial-onset seizures and secondarily generalized seizures: results from phase III extension study 307. Epilepsia, 2014, 55(7): 1058-1068.
- 75. FDA. Highlight of prescribing information. 2012.
- 76. Brigo F, Lattanzi S. Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for late-onset epilepsy. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2021, 22(4): 389-391.
- 77. Wheless J, Wechsler RT, Penovich P, et al. Effectiveness, safety and tolerability of perampanel by age group when used to treat people with focal and generalized epilepsy in clinical practice: The PERMIT Extension study. Epilepsy Behav, 2023, 147: 109369.
- 78. Villanueva V, Garcés M, López-González FJ, et al. Safety, efficacy and outcome-related factors of perampanel over 12 months in a real-world setting: The FYDATA study. Epilepsy Res, 2016, 126: 201-210.
- 79. Vazquez B, Yang H, Williams B, et al. Perampanel efficacy and safety by gender: Subanalysis of phase III randomized clinical studies in subjects with partial seizures. Epilepsia, 2015, 56(7): e90-94.
- 80. Holmes LB, Wyszynski DF. North American antiepileptic drug pregnancy registry. Epilepsia, 2004, 45(11): 1465.
- 81. Latest Study Data - October 2023. https://www.aedpregnancyregistry. org/latest-data/. 2023.
- 82. Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, et al. EURAP: an international registry of antiepileptic drugs and pregnancy. Epilepsia, 2004, 45(11): 1463-1464.
- 83. An International Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy Registry Interim Report – NOVEMBER 2023. https://eurapinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/EurapReport_November-2023.pdf.
- 84. Vazquez B, Tomson T, Dobrinsky C, et al. Perampanel and pregnancy. Epilepsia, 2021, 62(3): 698-708.
- 85. Alicino AM, Falcicchio G, Boero G, et al. Perampanel during pregnancy: description of four cases. Epilepsy Behav Rep, 2021, 16: 100490.
- 86. Chinvarun Y, Huang CW, Wu Y, et al. Optimal use of Perampanel in Asian patients with epilepsy: expert opinion. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 2021, 17: 739-746.
- 87. Huang CW, Boonyapisit K, Gunadharma S, et al. Optimal Use of perampanel in elderly asian patients with epilepsy: expert opinion. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 2022, 18: 825-832.
- 88. Brodie MJ, Barry SJ, Bamagous GA, et al. Effect of dosage failed of first antiepileptic drug on subsequent outcome. Epilepsia, 2013, 54(1): 194-198.
- 89. Hao X, Chen Z, Yan B, et al. Impact of Drug Manipulation on Seizure Freedom in Adults with Uncontrolled Epilepsy: A Prospective Controlled Study in Rural China. CNS Drugs, 2017, 31(3): 237-243.
- 90. Rohracher A, Zimmermann G, Villanueva V, et al. Perampanel in routine clinical use across Europe: Pooled, multicenter, observational data. Epilepsia, 2018, 59(9): 1727-1739.