Neuropsychological Characteristics in the Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

LANG Yue ^1,2 ,  HAN Ying ¹ , JIANG Changbin ³ , SONG Haiqing ¹ , MIN Baoquan ¹ , JIA Jianping ¹

1. Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R.China; 2. Graduate School, 3. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

HAN Ying, Email: sherry6218@gmail.com

Keywords：

轻度认知障碍; 痴呆，血管性; 神经心理量表

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【摘要】　目的　通过比较遗忘型轻度认知障碍（amnestic mild cognitive impairment，aMCI）和血管性认知障碍非痴呆型（vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia，VCI-ND）患者及正常老年人群在简易智能精神状态检查量表（mini mental state examination，MMSE）、听觉词语学习测验（auditory verbal learning test，AVLT）、画钟试验（clock drawing test，CDT）及临床痴呆评定量表（clinical dementia rating scales，CDR）中的表现，进一步分析aMCI和VCI-ND在认知损害方面的不同特点。　方法　选取首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科门诊收治aMCI患者23例及VCI-ND患者27例（CDR＝0.5分），同时选取40名正常老年人（CDR=0分）作为对照组。每位受试者均进行MMSE、AVLT、CDT及CDR等神经心理学量表测查，分析以上3组被试各项神经心理学测查得分之间的差异。　结果　各组受试者的年龄、性别及受教育程度差异无统计学意义（P gt;0.05），具有可比性。aMCI和VCI-ND组在MMSE、CDT、即刻记忆、延迟记忆及延迟再认检测中的平均值均低于对照组，且差异均具有统计学意义（P lt;0.05）。aMCI和VCI-ND两组除延迟再认检测外，其余各项测查的平均分均无统计学意义（P gt;0.05）。在延迟再认检测中，aMCI组（6.65±4.00）较VCI-ND组（8.67±2.76）再认词语数量少，两组延迟再认的得分均低于对照组（12.83±1.77），差异有统计学意义（P lt;0.05）。　结论　 aMCI和VCI-ND在记忆力、执行能力和信息处理能力方面较正常老年人均有所损害。由于aMCI和VCI-ND不同的病理改变，导致患者存在不同类型的记忆储存和提取机制。
【Abstract】　Objective　 To investigate the different patterns of cognitive impairment in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (amci), vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCI-ND) and normal elder people.　Methods　 A total of 23 patients with aMCI and 27 patients with VCI-ND (CDR＝0.5) and another 40 healthy elder people (CDR=0) were selected. Each individual underwent the neuropsychological tests, including mini mental state examination (MMSE), auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), clock drawing test (CDT), clinical dementia rating scales (CDR) and hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD). The differences between the three groups were analyzed.　Results　 The differences in age, sexes, and the education background among the three groups were not significant (P gt;0.05) which meant comparability. The mean scores of MMSE, CDT, instant memory and delayed awareness in aMCI and VIC-ND group were much lower than that in the control group (P lt;0.05). The differences in all the test items except for delayed awareness between aMCI group and VCI-ND groups were not significant (P gt;0.05). However, in the recall recognition test, these three groups had significant differences: the score in patients with aMCI (6.65±4.00) was much lower than that in patients with VCI-ND (8.67±2.76; P lt;0.05), and the scores of the two groups were both lower than that in the normal aging group (12.83±1.77; P lt;0.05).　Conclusion　 Compared with normal elder people, the cognition of aMCI and VCI-ND patients is impaired severely. The memory tests suggeste that compared with aMCI patients, VCI-ND patients may have different neuropathological changes leading to different mechanism of memory encoding and retrieval.

Citation： LANG Yue,HAN Ying,JIANG Changbin,SONG Haiqing,MIN Baoquan,JIA Jianping. Neuropsychological Characteristics in the Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. West China Medical Journal, 2011, 26(1): 8-11. doi: Copy

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15.	Looi JC, Sachdev PS, Differentiation of vascular dementia from AD on neuropsychological tests[J]. Neurology, 1999, 53(4): 670-678.
16.	Garrett KD. The neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment--no dementia: comparisons to patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia[J]. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 2004, 19(6): 745-757.
17.	Troyer AK. Clustering and switching on verbal fluency: the effects of focal frontal- and temporal-lobe lesions[J]. Neuropsychologia, 1998, 36(6): 499-504.
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19.	Desmond DW. Cognition and white matter lesions[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2002, 13 (Suppl 2): 53-57.
20.	Bai F. Default-mode network activity distinguishes amnestic type mild cognitive impairment from healthy aging: a combined structural and resting-state functional MRI study[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2008, 438(1): 111-115.
21.	Royall DR, Cordes JA, Polk M. CLOX: an executive clock drawing task[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1998, 64(5): 588-594.
22.	Kramer JH. Executive dysfunction in subcortical ischaemic vascular disease[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2002, 72(2): 217-220.
23.	Laukka EJ. Similar patterns of cognitive deficits in the preclinical phases of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease[J]. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 2004, 10(3): 382-391.
24.	Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior[J]. Arch Neurol, 1993, 50(8): 873-880.
25.	Garrard P, Perry R, Hodges JR. Disorders of semantic memory[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1997, 62(5): 431-435.
26.	Jack CR. MR-based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 1992, 42(1): 183-188.
27.	Hart J, Gordon B, Delineation of single-word semantic comprehension deficits in aphasia, with anatomical correlation[J]. Ann Neurol, 1990, 27(3): 226-231.

1. 　Desmond DW. Vascular dementia: a construct in evolution[J]. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev, 1996, 8(4): 296-325.
2. 　Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome[J]. Arch Neurol, 1999, 56(3): 303-308.
3. 　Petersen RC. Practice parameter: early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology[J]. Neurology, 2001, 56(9): 1133-1142.
4. 　Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity[J]. J Intern Med, 2004, 256(3): 183-194.
5. 　Davis HS, Rockwood K. Conceptualization of mild cognitive impairment: a review[J]. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2004, 19(4): 313-319.
6. 　Hachinski V. Vascular dementia: a radical redefinition[J]. Dementia, 1994, 5(3-4): 130-132.
7. 　Stephan BC. Beyond mild cognitive impairment: vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCIND) [J]. Alzheimers Res Ther, 2009, 1(1): 4.
8. 　Rockwood K. Spectrum of disease in vascular cognitive impairment[J]. Neuroepidemiology, 1999, 18(5): 248-254.
9. 　Bowler JV, Steenhuis R, Hachinski V. Conceptual background to vascular cognitive impairment[J]. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 1999, 13 (Suppl 3): 30-37.
10. 　Nyenhuis DL. The pattern of neuropsychological deficits in vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (vascular CIND) [J]. Clin Neuropsychol, 2004, 18(1): 41-49.
11. 　Wentzel C. Progression of impairment in patients with vascular cognitive impairment without dementia[J]. Neurology, 2001, 57(4): 714-716.
12. 　Tuokko H. Five-year follow-up of cognitive impairment with no dementia[J]. Arch Neurol, 2003, 60(4): 577-582.
13. 　Palmer K, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. What is mild cognitive impairment? Variations in definitions and evolution of nondemented persons with cognitive impairment[J]. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl, 2003, 179: 14-20.
14. 　Desmond DW. The cognitive syndrome of vascular dementia: implications for clinical trials. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 1999, 13 (Suppl 3): 21-29.
15. 　Looi JC, Sachdev PS, Differentiation of vascular dementia from AD on neuropsychological tests[J]. Neurology, 1999, 53(4): 670-678.
16. 　Garrett KD. The neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment--no dementia: comparisons to patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia[J]. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 2004, 19(6): 745-757.
17. 　Troyer AK. Clustering and switching on verbal fluency: the effects of focal frontal- and temporal-lobe lesions[J]. Neuropsychologia, 1998, 36(6): 499-504.
18. 　Pathological correlates of late-onset dementia in a multicentre, community-based population in England and Wales. Neuropathology Group of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS) [J]. Lancet, 2001, 357(9251): 169-175.
19. 　Desmond DW. Cognition and white matter lesions[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2002, 13 (Suppl 2): 53-57.
20. 　Bai F. Default-mode network activity distinguishes amnestic type mild cognitive impairment from healthy aging: a combined structural and resting-state functional MRI study[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2008, 438(1): 111-115.
21. 　Royall DR, Cordes JA, Polk M. CLOX: an executive clock drawing task[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1998, 64(5): 588-594.
22. 　Kramer JH. Executive dysfunction in subcortical ischaemic vascular disease[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2002, 72(2): 217-220.
23. 　Laukka EJ. Similar patterns of cognitive deficits in the preclinical phases of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease[J]. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 2004, 10(3): 382-391.
24. 　Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior[J]. Arch Neurol, 1993, 50(8): 873-880.
25. 　Garrard P, Perry R, Hodges JR. Disorders of semantic memory[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1997, 62(5): 431-435.
26. 　Jack CR. MR-based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 1992, 42(1): 183-188.
27. 　Hart J, Gordon B, Delineation of single-word semantic comprehension deficits in aphasia, with anatomical correlation[J]. Ann Neurol, 1990, 27(3): 226-231.

West China Medical Journal

Neuropsychological Characteristics in the Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

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