The Advances of Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Anorectal Melanoma_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WANG Xin ¹ , XIAO Qianhu ²

Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Malignant melanomaAnorectumDiagnosisTreatment

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ObjectiveTo study the advance of malignant anorectal melanoma. MethodsThe literature in recent years about risk factors,clinical characteristic,early diagnosis,treatment and the prognosis of the anorectal melanoma were reviewed.ResultsMalignant anorectal melanoma was very rare.The history of pigment naevus,human immunodeficiency virus infection and sunlight exposure might be the risk factors.Clinic characteristics were rectal bleeding,anorectal mass and changing in bowel habits.Early diagnosis mainly depended on performing routine examination on patients between the ages of 45-80 years.The staining for polycolnal CEA in anorectal melanoma has a role on diagnostic pathology.The treatment is controversial and the combined treatments of chemotherapy with radiation therapy and immunotherapy which were based on surgery (abdominoperineal resection or wide local excision) are introduced.Conclusion Early diagnosis of malignant anorectal melanoma is difficult and the prognosis is poor.It is necessary to pay more attention to this disease and the most successful therapeutic approaches need to be developed.

Citation： WANG Xin,XIAO Qianhu. The Advances of Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Anorectal Melanoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2002, 9(3): 210-212. doi: Copy

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15.	Turk PS, Belliveau JF, Darnowski JW,et al.Isolated pelvic perfusion for unresectable cancer using a balloon occlusion technique [J]. Arch Surg, 1993; 128(5)∶533.
16.	Wanebo HJ, Chung MA, Levy AIM,et al.Preoperative therapy for advanced pelvic malignancy by isolated pelvic perfusion with the balloon occlusion technique [J].Ann Surg Oncol, 1996; 3(3)∶295.
17.	Melhouf MM, el Amrani N, Mathieu DH,et al. Anorectal malignant melanomas. Apropos of 5 cases. Review of the literature[J]. Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol Paris,1995; 31(4)∶209.
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1. Cagir B,Whiteford MH, Topham A，et al. Changingepidemiology of anorectal melanoma [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1999; 42(9)∶1203.
2. Delikaris P,Koutmeridis D, Tsonis G,et al. Synchronous anorectal malignant melanoma and rectal adenocarcinoma: report of a case [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1997; 40(1)∶105.
3. Weinstock MA.Epidemiology and prognosis of anorectal melanoma [J]. Gastroenterology, 1993; 104(1)∶174.
4. Quinn D,Selah C.Malignant melanoma of the anus in a negro:report of a case and review of the literature [J].Dis Colon Rectum, 1977; 20（7）∶627.
5. Slingluff CL Jr, Vollmer HF, Seigler HF. Anorectal melanoma: clinical characteristics and results of surgical management in twentyfour patients [J].Surgery,1990; 107(1)∶1.
6. Ross M, Pezzi C,Pezzi T,et al. Patterns of failure in anorectal melanoma. A guide to surgical therapy [J]. Arch Surg, 1990; 125(3)∶313.
7. Goldman S,Glimelius B,Pahlman L.Anorectal malignant melanoma in Sweeden: report of patients [J].Dis Colon Rectum,1990; 33（10）∶874.
8. Ben IO, Levy R, Weill S,et al.Anorectal malignant melanoma.A clinicopathologic study including immunohistochemistry and DNA flow cytometry [J]. Cancer, 1997; 79(1)∶18.
9. Vijayaraghavan M,Kharbanda K, Mathur M. S100 staining for the diagnosis of melanoma of the anal canal [J]. Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 1992; 35(2)∶113.
10. Wanebo HJ,Woodruff JM,Farr GH,et al.Anorextal melanoma [J].Cancer,1981; 47（7）∶1891.
11. Thibault C, Sagar P, Nivatvongs S, et al. Anorectal melanomaan incurable disease [J]?Dis Colon Rectum, 1997; 40(6)∶661.
12. Whooley BP,Shaw P, Astrow AB, et al.Long term survival after locally aggressive anorectal melanoma [J]. Am Surg, 1998; 64(3)∶245.
13. Vorpahl U, Jager E,Schmidbauer U, et al.Value of inguinal lymph node excision in anorectal melanoma [J]. Zentralbl Chir, 1996; 121(6)∶483.
14. Brady MS, Kavolius JP,Quan SH. Anorectal melanoma. A 64year experience at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1995; 38(2)∶146.
15. Turk PS, Belliveau JF, Darnowski JW,et al.Isolated pelvic perfusion for unresectable cancer using a balloon occlusion technique [J]. Arch Surg, 1993; 128(5)∶533.
16. Wanebo HJ, Chung MA, Levy AIM,et al.Preoperative therapy for advanced pelvic malignancy by isolated pelvic perfusion with the balloon occlusion technique [J].Ann Surg Oncol, 1996; 3(3)∶295.
17. Melhouf MM, el Amrani N, Mathieu DH,et al. Anorectal malignant melanomas. Apropos of 5 cases. Review of the literature[J]. Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol Paris,1995; 31(4)∶209.
18. Cooper PH,Mills SE,Alien S.Malignant melanoma of the anas: report of 12 patients and analysis of 255 additional cases [J].Dis Colon Recum,1982; 25（7）∶693.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

The Advances of Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Anorectal Melanoma

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