闭塞性细支气管炎_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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樊晓红 ¹ , 许文兵 ²

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闭塞性细支气管炎

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闭塞性细支气管炎（BO）是临床上少见的导致进行性呼吸困难及气流受阻的肺细支气管闭塞性疾病，1901年由Lange首先提出。BO是一个病理学概念，病理特征为细支气管及其周围炎症和纤维化导致管腔的闭塞。该病药物治疗无明显疗效，63%以上的患者5年内死于呼吸衰竭[1]。

Citation： 樊晓红,许文兵. 闭塞性细支气管炎. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2007, 6(1): 70-73. doi: Copy

1.	Reichenspurner H，Girgis RE，Robbins RC，et al.Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung and heart-lung transplantation.Ann Thorac Surg，1995，60：1845-1853.
2.	Laohaburanakit P，Chan A，Allen RP.Bronchiolitis obliterans.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol，2003，25：259-274.
3.	Jackson CH，Sharples LD，McNeil K，et al.Acute and chronic onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)：are they different entities?J Heart Lung Transplant，2002，21：658-666.
4.	Reichenspurner H，Girgis RE，Robbins RC，et al.Stanford experience with obliterative bronchiolitis after lung and heart-lung transplantation.Ann Thorac Surg，1996，62：1467-1472.
5.	Milne DS，Gascoigne AD，Wilkes J，et al.MHC class Ⅱ and ICAM-1 expression and lymphocyte subsets in transbronchial biopsies from lung transplant recipients.Transplantation，1994，57：1762-1766.
6.	Paz HL，Crilley P，Topolsky DL，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans after bone marrow transplantation：the effect of preconditioning.Respiration，1993，60：109-114.
7.	Holland HK，Wingard JR，Beschorner WE，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans in bone marrow transplantation and its relationship to chronic graft-v-host disease and low serum IgG.Blood，1988，72：621-627.
8.	Wahlers T，Haverich A，Schafers HJ，et al.Chronic rejection following lung transplantation.Incidence，time pattern and consequences.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg，1993，7：319-323.
9.	Sassoon CS，McAlpine SW，Tashkin DP，et al.Small airways function in nonsmokers with rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum，1984，27：1218-1226.
10.	Wolfe F，Schurle DR，Lin JJ，et al.Upper and lower airway disease in penicillamine treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis.J Rheumatol，1983，10：406-410.
11.	Fort JG，Scovern H，Abruzzo JL.Intravenous cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone for the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial fibrosis associated with crysotherapy.J Rheumatol，1988，15：850-854.
12.	Weiss SM，Lakshminarasyan S.Acute inhalation injury.Clin Chest Med，1994；15：103-116.
13.	Kreiss K，Gomaa A，Kullman G，et al.Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant.N Engl J Med，2002，347：330-338.
14.	Boag AH，Colby TV，Fraire AE，et al.The pathology of interstitial lungdisease in nylon flock workers.Am J Surg Pathol，1999，23：1539-45.
15.	Romero S，Hernandez L，Gil J，et al.Organizing pneumonia in textile printing workers：a clinical description.Eur Respir J，1998，11：265-271.
16.	Konichezky S，Schattner A，Ezri T，et al.Thionyl-chloride-induced lung injury and bronchiolitis obliterans.Chest，1993，104：971-973.
17.	Yochey CC，Eden BM，Byrd RB.The McConnell missile accident.Clinical spectrum of nitrogen dioxide exposure.JAMA，1980，244：1221-1223.
18.	Poletti V，Zompatori M，Cancellieri A.Clinical spectrum of adult chronic bronchiolitis.Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis，1999，16：183-196.
19.	王仁贵，李楠，朱学俊，等.Castleman病所致的于副肿瘤天疱疮相关的闭塞性细支气管炎的临床、病理与影像.中华放射学杂，2003，37：63-67.
20.	Nousari HC，Deterding R，Wojtczack H，et al.The mechanism of respiratory failure in paraneoplastic pemphigus.N Engl J Med，1999，340：1406-1410.
21.	Chin AC，Stich D，White FV，et al.Paraneoplastic pemphigus and bronchiolitis obliterans associated with a mediastinal mass：A rare case of Castleman’s disease with respiratory failure requiring lung transplantation.J Pediatr Surg，2001，36：E22.
22.	刘秀云，江载芳，申昆玲，等.四例闭塞性毛细支气管炎临床分析.中华儿科杂志2003，41：839-841.
23.	van Den BERG JW，Geertsma A，van Der BIJ W，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation and health-related quality of life.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2000，161：1937-1941.
24.	Waitches GM，Stern EJ.High-resolution CT of peripheral airways diseases.Radiol Clin North Am，2002，40：21-29.
25.	Leung AN，Fisher K，Valentine V，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation：detection using expiratory HRCT.Chest，1998，113：365-370.
26.	Cooper JD，Billingham M，Egan T，et al.A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature and for clinical staging of chronic dysfunction in lung allografts.International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.J Heart Lung Transplant，1993，12：713-716.
27.	Boehler A，Estenne M.Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.Curr Opin Pulm Med，2000，6：133-139.
28.	Estenne M，Maurer JR，Boehler A，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 2001：an update of the diagnostic criteria.J Heart Lung Transplant，2002，21：297-310.
29.	Patterson GM，Wilson S，Whang JL，et al.Physiologic definitions of obliterative bronchiolitis in heart-lung and double lung transplantation：a comparison of the forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second.J Heart Lung Transplant，1996，15：175-181.
30.	Reynaud-Gaubert M，Thomas P，Badier M，et al.Early detection of airway involvement in obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.Functional and bronchoalveolar lavage cell findings.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2000，161：1924-1929.
31.	Nathan SD，Barnett SD，Wohlrab J，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome：utility of the new guidelines in single lung transplant recipients.J Heart Lung Transplant，2003，22：427-432.
32.	Hachem RR，Chakinala MM，Yusen RD，et al.The predictive value of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome stage 0-p.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2004，169：468-472.
33.	King TE Jr.Bronchiolitis obliterans.Lung，1989，167：69-93.
34.	Date H，Lynch JP，Sundaresan S，et al.The impact of cytolytic therapy on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.J Heart Lung Transplant，1998，17：869-875.
35.	Iacono AT，Corcoran TE，Griffith BP，et al.Aerosol cyclosporin therapy in lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans.Eur Respir J，2004，23：384-390.
36.	Sarahrudi K，Estenne M，Corris P，et al.International experience with conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus for acute and chronic lung allograft rejection.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg，2004，127：1126-1132.
37.	Dusmet M，Maurer J，Winton T，et al.Methotrexate can halt the progression of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients.J Heart Lung Transplant，1996，15：948-954.
38.	Verleden GM，Buyse B，Delcroix M，et al.Cyclophosphamide rescue therapy for chronic rejection after lung transplantation.J Heart Lung Transplant，1999，18：1139-1142.
39.	Cahill BC，Somerville KT，Crompton JA，et al.Early experience with sirolimus in lung transplant recipients with chronic allograft rejection.J Heart Lung Transplant，2003，22：169-176.
40.	Diamond DA，Michalski JM，Lynch JP，et al.Efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation for chronic allograft rejection following bilateral lung transplantation.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys，1998，41：795-800.
41.	Whitford H，Walters EH，Levvey B，et al.Addition of inhaled corticosteroids to systemic immunosuppression after lung transplantation：a double-blind，placebo-controlled trial.Transplantation，2002，73：1793-1799.
42.	Stewart KC，Patterson GA.Current trends in lung transplantation.Am J Transplant，2001，1：204-210.
43.	Gerhardt SG，McDyer JF，Girgis RE，et al.Maintenance azithromycin therapy for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome：results of a pilot study.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2003，168：121-125.
44.	Verleden GM，Dupont LJ.Azithromycin therapy for patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation.Transplantation，2004，77：1465-1467.
45.	Hayakawa H，Sato A，Imokawa S，et al.Bronchiolar disease in rheumatoid arthritis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1996，154：1531-1536.
46.	Boehler A，Estenne M.Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.Curr Opin Pulm Med，2000，6：133-139.
47.	Novick RJ，Stitt L.Pulmonary retransplantation.Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg，1998，10：227-236.

1. Reichenspurner H，Girgis RE，Robbins RC，et al.Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung and heart-lung transplantation.Ann Thorac Surg，1995，60：1845-1853.
2. Laohaburanakit P，Chan A，Allen RP.Bronchiolitis obliterans.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol，2003，25：259-274.
3. Jackson CH，Sharples LD，McNeil K，et al.Acute and chronic onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)：are they different entities?J Heart Lung Transplant，2002，21：658-666.
4. Reichenspurner H，Girgis RE，Robbins RC，et al.Stanford experience with obliterative bronchiolitis after lung and heart-lung transplantation.Ann Thorac Surg，1996，62：1467-1472.
5. Milne DS，Gascoigne AD，Wilkes J，et al.MHC class Ⅱ and ICAM-1 expression and lymphocyte subsets in transbronchial biopsies from lung transplant recipients.Transplantation，1994，57：1762-1766.
6. Paz HL，Crilley P，Topolsky DL，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans after bone marrow transplantation：the effect of preconditioning.Respiration，1993，60：109-114.
7. Holland HK，Wingard JR，Beschorner WE，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans in bone marrow transplantation and its relationship to chronic graft-v-host disease and low serum IgG.Blood，1988，72：621-627.
8. Wahlers T，Haverich A，Schafers HJ，et al.Chronic rejection following lung transplantation.Incidence，time pattern and consequences.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg，1993，7：319-323.
9. Sassoon CS，McAlpine SW，Tashkin DP，et al.Small airways function in nonsmokers with rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum，1984，27：1218-1226.
10. Wolfe F，Schurle DR，Lin JJ，et al.Upper and lower airway disease in penicillamine treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis.J Rheumatol，1983，10：406-410.
11. Fort JG，Scovern H，Abruzzo JL.Intravenous cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone for the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial fibrosis associated with crysotherapy.J Rheumatol，1988，15：850-854.
12. Weiss SM，Lakshminarasyan S.Acute inhalation injury.Clin Chest Med，1994；15：103-116.
13. Kreiss K，Gomaa A，Kullman G，et al.Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant.N Engl J Med，2002，347：330-338.
14. Boag AH，Colby TV，Fraire AE，et al.The pathology of interstitial lungdisease in nylon flock workers.Am J Surg Pathol，1999，23：1539-45.
15. Romero S，Hernandez L，Gil J，et al.Organizing pneumonia in textile printing workers：a clinical description.Eur Respir J，1998，11：265-271.
16. Konichezky S，Schattner A，Ezri T，et al.Thionyl-chloride-induced lung injury and bronchiolitis obliterans.Chest，1993，104：971-973.
17. Yochey CC，Eden BM，Byrd RB.The McConnell missile accident.Clinical spectrum of nitrogen dioxide exposure.JAMA，1980，244：1221-1223.
18. Poletti V，Zompatori M，Cancellieri A.Clinical spectrum of adult chronic bronchiolitis.Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis，1999，16：183-196.
19. 王仁贵，李楠，朱学俊，等.Castleman病所致的于副肿瘤天疱疮相关的闭塞性细支气管炎的临床、病理与影像.中华放射学杂，2003，37：63-67.
20. Nousari HC，Deterding R，Wojtczack H，et al.The mechanism of respiratory failure in paraneoplastic pemphigus.N Engl J Med，1999，340：1406-1410.
21. Chin AC，Stich D，White FV，et al.Paraneoplastic pemphigus and bronchiolitis obliterans associated with a mediastinal mass：A rare case of Castleman’s disease with respiratory failure requiring lung transplantation.J Pediatr Surg，2001，36：E22.
22. 刘秀云，江载芳，申昆玲，等.四例闭塞性毛细支气管炎临床分析.中华儿科杂志2003，41：839-841.
23. van Den BERG JW，Geertsma A，van Der BIJ W，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation and health-related quality of life.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2000，161：1937-1941.
24. Waitches GM，Stern EJ.High-resolution CT of peripheral airways diseases.Radiol Clin North Am，2002，40：21-29.
25. Leung AN，Fisher K，Valentine V，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation：detection using expiratory HRCT.Chest，1998，113：365-370.
26. Cooper JD，Billingham M，Egan T，et al.A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature and for clinical staging of chronic dysfunction in lung allografts.International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.J Heart Lung Transplant，1993，12：713-716.
27. Boehler A，Estenne M.Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.Curr Opin Pulm Med，2000，6：133-139.
28. Estenne M，Maurer JR，Boehler A，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 2001：an update of the diagnostic criteria.J Heart Lung Transplant，2002，21：297-310.
29. Patterson GM，Wilson S，Whang JL，et al.Physiologic definitions of obliterative bronchiolitis in heart-lung and double lung transplantation：a comparison of the forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second.J Heart Lung Transplant，1996，15：175-181.
30. Reynaud-Gaubert M，Thomas P，Badier M，et al.Early detection of airway involvement in obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.Functional and bronchoalveolar lavage cell findings.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2000，161：1924-1929.
31. Nathan SD，Barnett SD，Wohlrab J，et al.Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome：utility of the new guidelines in single lung transplant recipients.J Heart Lung Transplant，2003，22：427-432.
32. Hachem RR，Chakinala MM，Yusen RD，et al.The predictive value of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome stage 0-p.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2004，169：468-472.
33. King TE Jr.Bronchiolitis obliterans.Lung，1989，167：69-93.
34. Date H，Lynch JP，Sundaresan S，et al.The impact of cytolytic therapy on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.J Heart Lung Transplant，1998，17：869-875.
35. Iacono AT，Corcoran TE，Griffith BP，et al.Aerosol cyclosporin therapy in lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans.Eur Respir J，2004，23：384-390.
36. Sarahrudi K，Estenne M，Corris P，et al.International experience with conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus for acute and chronic lung allograft rejection.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg，2004，127：1126-1132.
37. Dusmet M，Maurer J，Winton T，et al.Methotrexate can halt the progression of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients.J Heart Lung Transplant，1996，15：948-954.
38. Verleden GM，Buyse B，Delcroix M，et al.Cyclophosphamide rescue therapy for chronic rejection after lung transplantation.J Heart Lung Transplant，1999，18：1139-1142.
39. Cahill BC，Somerville KT，Crompton JA，et al.Early experience with sirolimus in lung transplant recipients with chronic allograft rejection.J Heart Lung Transplant，2003，22：169-176.
40. Diamond DA，Michalski JM，Lynch JP，et al.Efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation for chronic allograft rejection following bilateral lung transplantation.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys，1998，41：795-800.
41. Whitford H，Walters EH，Levvey B，et al.Addition of inhaled corticosteroids to systemic immunosuppression after lung transplantation：a double-blind，placebo-controlled trial.Transplantation，2002，73：1793-1799.
42. Stewart KC，Patterson GA.Current trends in lung transplantation.Am J Transplant，2001，1：204-210.
43. Gerhardt SG，McDyer JF，Girgis RE，et al.Maintenance azithromycin therapy for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome：results of a pilot study.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2003，168：121-125.
44. Verleden GM，Dupont LJ.Azithromycin therapy for patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation.Transplantation，2004，77：1465-1467.
45. Hayakawa H，Sato A，Imokawa S，et al.Bronchiolar disease in rheumatoid arthritis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1996，154：1531-1536.
46. Boehler A，Estenne M.Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.Curr Opin Pulm Med，2000，6：133-139.
47. Novick RJ，Stitt L.Pulmonary retransplantation.Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg，1998，10：227-236.

Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

闭塞性细支气管炎

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