The effects of mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury on concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rats_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

DONG Chunshan ¹ , XU Zhixin ² , XU Ruihao ¹ ,  CHEN Xuehong ³ , CHEN Rong ⁴ , JIANG Tao ³ , MIAO Yuqing ³ , WEN Hao ²

Department of Anesthesiology ，The Hefei First People′s Hospital.Hefei ，Anhui ，230061 ，ChinaCorresponding author：CHEN Xue-hong，E-mail：chxh0909@163.com;

Corresponding author：

CHEN Xuehong, Email: chxh0909@163.com

Keywords：

Mechanical ventilation; Lung injury; Macrophage-inflammatory protein-2; Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Objective To investigate the effects of mechanical ventilation on lung pathology and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rats.Methods Forty-five healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with 15 rats each group，ie.a control group(No mechanical ventilation)，a high tidal volume group(VT 34 mL/kg，RR 30 bpm) and low tidal volume group(VT 8 mL/kg，RR 60 bpm).Results There were enlarged alveolar spaces，interalveolar septum collapse，swollen and spotty hemorrhages，inflammatory cell infiltration in the ventilation groups，which was more serious in the high tidal volume group.Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio of high tidal volume group was significantly higher than that of other groups（both P lt;0.05）.The concentrations in both macrophage-inflammatory protein-2（MIP-2）and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and blood samples was significantly higher in two ventilation groups than the control group（P lt;0.05），which were higer in the high tidal volume group than in the low tidal volume group（P lt;0.05）.Conclusions These results indicate that mechanical ventilation can cause lung injury，which is more serious in high tidal volume ventilation.And mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury can cause proinflammatory cytokines release，with different levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples.

Citation： DONG Chunshan,XU Zhixin,XU Ruihao,CHEN Xuehong,CHEN Rong,JIANG Tao,MIAO Yuqing,WEN Hao. The effects of mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury on concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rats. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2008, 08(2): 135-139. doi: Copy

1.	Webb HH，Tierney DF.Experimental pulmonary edema due to intermittent positive pressure ventilation with high inflation pressures.Protection by positive end-expiratory pressure.Am Rev Respir Dis，1974，110：556-565.
2.	Wilson MR，Choudhury S，Goddard ME，et al.High tidal volume upregulates intrapulmonary cytokines in an in vivo mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury.J Appl Physiol，2003，95：1385-1393.
3.	Kotani N，Takahashi S，Sessler DI，et al.Volatile anesthetics augment expression of proinflammatory cytokines in rat alveolar macrophages during mechanical ventilation.Anesthesiology，1999，91：187-197.
4.	Nishina K，Mikawa K，Takao Y，et al.ONO-5046，an elastase inhibitor，attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rabbits.Anesth Analg，1997，84：1097-1103.
5.	Arold SP，Mora R，Lutchen KR，et al.Variable tidal volume ventilation improves lung mechanics and gas exchange in a rodent model of acute lung injury.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2002，165：366-371.
6.	Kolobow T，Moretti MP，Fumagalli R，et al.Severe impairment in lung function induced by high peak airway pressure during mechanical ventilation.An experimental study.Am Rev Respir Dis，1987，135：312-315.
7.	Walder B，Fontao E，Totsch M，et al.Time and tidal volume-dependent ventilator-induced lung injury in healthy rats.Eur J Anaesthesiol，2005，22：785-794.
8.	Matthay MA，Folkesson HG，Clerici C.Lung epithelial fluid transport and the resolution of pulmonary edema.Physiol Rev，2002，82：569-600.
9.	Horinouchi H，Wang CC，Shepherd KE，et al.TNF alpha gene and protein expression in alveolar macrophages in acute and chronic hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol，1996，14：548-555.
10.	Gullo A，Berlot G，Viviani M.The role of adult respiratory distress syndrome in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl，1996，109：70-73.
11.	Takata M，Abe J，Tanaka H，et al.Intraalveolar expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene during conventional and high-frequency ventilation.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1997，156：272-279.
12.	Stüber F，Wetegrove S，Schröder S，et al.Release of cytokines by low-PEEP high tidal volume ventilation in patients with ALI.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1999，159：A457.

1. Webb HH，Tierney DF.Experimental pulmonary edema due to intermittent positive pressure ventilation with high inflation pressures.Protection by positive end-expiratory pressure.Am Rev Respir Dis，1974，110：556-565.
2. Wilson MR，Choudhury S，Goddard ME，et al.High tidal volume upregulates intrapulmonary cytokines in an in vivo mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury.J Appl Physiol，2003，95：1385-1393.
3. Kotani N，Takahashi S，Sessler DI，et al.Volatile anesthetics augment expression of proinflammatory cytokines in rat alveolar macrophages during mechanical ventilation.Anesthesiology，1999，91：187-197.
4. Nishina K，Mikawa K，Takao Y，et al.ONO-5046，an elastase inhibitor，attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rabbits.Anesth Analg，1997，84：1097-1103.
5. Arold SP，Mora R，Lutchen KR，et al.Variable tidal volume ventilation improves lung mechanics and gas exchange in a rodent model of acute lung injury.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2002，165：366-371.
6. Kolobow T，Moretti MP，Fumagalli R，et al.Severe impairment in lung function induced by high peak airway pressure during mechanical ventilation.An experimental study.Am Rev Respir Dis，1987，135：312-315.
7. Walder B，Fontao E，Totsch M，et al.Time and tidal volume-dependent ventilator-induced lung injury in healthy rats.Eur J Anaesthesiol，2005，22：785-794.
8. Matthay MA，Folkesson HG，Clerici C.Lung epithelial fluid transport and the resolution of pulmonary edema.Physiol Rev，2002，82：569-600.
9. Horinouchi H，Wang CC，Shepherd KE，et al.TNF alpha gene and protein expression in alveolar macrophages in acute and chronic hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol，1996，14：548-555.
10. Gullo A，Berlot G，Viviani M.The role of adult respiratory distress syndrome in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl，1996，109：70-73.
11. Takata M，Abe J，Tanaka H，et al.Intraalveolar expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene during conventional and high-frequency ventilation.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1997，156：272-279.
12. Stüber F，Wetegrove S，Schröder S，et al.Release of cytokines by low-PEEP high tidal volume ventilation in patients with ALI.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1999，159：A457.

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The effects of mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury on concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rats

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