BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH PROGRESS OF LATERAL COLUMN LENGTHENING_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Peng , YU Guangrong

Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P.R.China.;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Lateral column lengthening; Acquired flatfoot deformity; Evans osteotomy; Calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis

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【Abstract】 Objective To review the basic and clinical research progress of lateral column lengthening (LCL).
Methods The recent literature concerning LCL at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and the research and development were summarized. Results LCL is one of the important surgical procedures for flatfoot deformity, and it has two procedures. There are some disputes in surgical selection of the Evans osteotomy and calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis for the treatment of flatfoot deformity. Conclusion Lateral column lengthening has been used more widely in clinical practice, but biomechanical and the long-term follow-up are needed.

Citation： ZHANG Peng,YU Guangrong. BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH PROGRESS OF LATERAL COLUMN LENGTHENING. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2012, 26(3): 368-372. doi: Copy

1.	Evans D. Calcaneo-valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1975, 57(2): 270-278.
2.	Johnson KA, Strom DE. Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989, (239): 196-206.
3.	Anderson RB. Posterior Tibial Tendon Insufficiency: Restoring the Flatfoot. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting. New Orleans: Foot & Ankle, 2010.
4.	Mosier-LaClair S, Pomeroy G, Manoli A 2nd. Operative treatment of the difficult stage 2 adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin, 2001, 6(1): 95-119.
5.	Mosca VH. Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Results in children who had severe, symptomatic flatfoot and skewfoot. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1995, 77(4): 500-552.
6.	Horton GA, Myerson MS, Parks BG, et al. Effect of calcaneal osteotomy and lateral column lengthening on the plantar fascia: a biomechanical investigation. Foot Ankle Int, 1998, 19(6): 370-373.
7.	Gallina J, Sands AK. Lateral-sided bony procedures. Foot Ankle Clin, 2003, 8(3): 563-567.
8.	Dumontier TA, Falicov A, Mosea V, et al. Calcaneal lengthening: investigation of deformity correction in a cadaver flatfoot model. Foot Ankle Int, 2005, 26(2): 166-170．.
9.	Arangio GA, Chopm V, Voloshin A, et al. A biomecharnical analysis of the effect of lateral column lengthening calcaneal osteotomy on the flat foot. Clin Biamech (Bristol, Avon), 2007, 22(4): 472-477．.
10.	Kitaoka HB, Kura H, Luo ZP, et al. Calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and flatfoot: a cadaveric study. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2000, (381): 241-247.
11.	Phillips GE. A review of elongation of os calcis flat feet．J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1983, 65(1): 15-18．.
12.	Raines RA Jr, Brage ME. Evans osteotomy in the adult foot: an anatomic study of structures at risk. Foot Ankle Int, 1998, 19(11): 743-747.
13.	Hyer CF, Lee T, Block AJ, et al. Evaluation of the anterior and middle talocalcaneal articular facets. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2002, 41(6): 389-393.
14.	Dinucci KR, Christensen JC, Dinucci KA. Biomechanical consequences of lateral column lengthening of the calcaneus: Part I. Long plantar ligament strain. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2004, 43(1): 10-15.
15.	Saxena A. Evans calcaneal osteotomy. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2000, 39(2): 136-137.
16.	Thomas RL, Wells BC, Garrison RL, et al. Preliminary results comparing two methods of lateral column lengthening. Foot Ankle Int, 2001, 22(2): 107-119.
17.	Cooper P, Nowak M, Shaer J. Calcaneocuboid joint pressures with lateral column lengthening (Evans) procedure. Foot Ankle Int, 1997, 18(4): 199-205.
18.	Momberger N, Morgan J, Bachus K, et al. Calcaneocuboid joint pressure after lateral column lengthening in a cadaveric planovalgus deformity model. Foot Ankle Int, 2000, 21(9): 730-735.
19.	Iaquinto JM, Wayne JS. Effects of surgical correction for the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity: a computational investigation. J Orthop Res, 2011, 29(7): 1047-1054.
20.	Hintermann B, Valderrabano V, Kundert HP. Lengthening of the lateral column and reconstruction of the medial soft tissue for the treatment of acquired flat foot deformity associated with insufficiency of the posterior tibial tendon. Foot Ankle Int, 1999, 20(10): 622-629.
21.	Tien TR, Parks BG, Guyton GP. Plantar pressures in the forefoot after lateral column lengthening: a cadaver study comparing the Evans osteotomy and calcaneocuboid fusion. Foot Ankle Int, 2005, 26(7): 520-525.
22.	Oeffinger DJ, Pectol RW Jr, Tylkowski CM. Foot pressure and radiographic outcome measures of lateral column lengthening for pes planovalgus deformity. Gait Posture, 2000, 12(3): 189-195.
23.	Astion DJ, Deland JT, Otis JC, et al. Motion of the Hindfoot after simulated Arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1997, 79(2): 241-246.
24.	Speck M, Klaue K. Medial flexor digitorum longus tendon augmentation and lateral foot column lengthening or reorienting triple arthrodesis as surgical therapy of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 2001, 139(4): 332-339.
25.	Haeseker GA, Mureau MA, Faber FW. Lateral column lengthening for acquired adult flatfoot deformity caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction stage II: a retrospective comparison of calcaneus osteotomy with calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2010, 49(4): 380-384.
26.	Viegas GV. Reconstruction of the pediatric flexible planovalgus foot by using an Evans calcaneal osteotomy and augmentative medial split tibialis anterior tendon transfer. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2003, 42(4): 199-207.
27.	Grunander TR, Thordarson DB. Results of calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Surg, 2011. [Epub ahead of print].
28.	Kimball HL, Aronow MS, Sullivan RJ, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis: a cadaver study of two different fixation methods. Foot Ankle Int, 2000, 21(10): 845-848.
29.	Templin D, Jones K, Weiner DS. The incorporation of allogeneic and autogenous bone graft in healing of lateral column lengthening of the calcaneus. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2008, 47(4): 283-287.
30.	Philbin TM, Pokabla C, Berlet GC. Lateral column lengthening using allograft interposition and cervical plate fixation. Foot Ankle Spec, 2008, 1(5): 288-296.
31.	John S, Child BJ, Hix J, et al. A retrospective analysis of anterior calcaneal osteotomy with allogenic bone graft. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2010, 49(4): 375-379.
32.	Barrow CR, Pomeroy GC. Enhancement of syndesomtic fusion rates in total ankle arthroplasty with use of autologous platlet concentrate. Foot Ankle Int, 2005, 26(6): 458-461.
33.	Grier KM, Walling AK. The use of tricortical autograft versus allograft in lateral column lengthening for adult acquired flatfoot deformity: an analysis of union rates and complications. Foot Ankle Int, 2010, 31(9): 760-769.
34.	Mahan KT, Hillstrom HJ. Bone grafting in foot and ankle surgery. A review of 300 cases. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, 1998, 88(3): 109-118.
35.	Davitt JS, Morgan JM. Stress fracture of the fifth metatarsal after Evans'calcaneal osteotomy: a report of two cases. Foot Ankle Int, 1998, 19(10): 710-712.

1. Evans D. Calcaneo-valgus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1975, 57(2): 270-278.
2. Johnson KA, Strom DE. Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989, (239): 196-206.
3. Anderson RB. Posterior Tibial Tendon Insufficiency: Restoring the Flatfoot. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting. New Orleans: Foot & Ankle, 2010.
4. Mosier-LaClair S, Pomeroy G, Manoli A 2nd. Operative treatment of the difficult stage 2 adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin, 2001, 6(1): 95-119.
5. Mosca VH. Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Results in children who had severe, symptomatic flatfoot and skewfoot. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1995, 77(4): 500-552.
6. Horton GA, Myerson MS, Parks BG, et al. Effect of calcaneal osteotomy and lateral column lengthening on the plantar fascia: a biomechanical investigation. Foot Ankle Int, 1998, 19(6): 370-373.
7. Gallina J, Sands AK. Lateral-sided bony procedures. Foot Ankle Clin, 2003, 8(3): 563-567.
8. Dumontier TA, Falicov A, Mosea V, et al. Calcaneal lengthening: investigation of deformity correction in a cadaver flatfoot model. Foot Ankle Int, 2005, 26(2): 166-170．.
9. Arangio GA, Chopm V, Voloshin A, et al. A biomecharnical analysis of the effect of lateral column lengthening calcaneal osteotomy on the flat foot. Clin Biamech (Bristol, Avon), 2007, 22(4): 472-477．.
10. Kitaoka HB, Kura H, Luo ZP, et al. Calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and flatfoot: a cadaveric study. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2000, (381): 241-247.
11. Phillips GE. A review of elongation of os calcis flat feet．J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1983, 65(1): 15-18．.
12. Raines RA Jr, Brage ME. Evans osteotomy in the adult foot: an anatomic study of structures at risk. Foot Ankle Int, 1998, 19(11): 743-747.
13. Hyer CF, Lee T, Block AJ, et al. Evaluation of the anterior and middle talocalcaneal articular facets. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2002, 41(6): 389-393.
14. Dinucci KR, Christensen JC, Dinucci KA. Biomechanical consequences of lateral column lengthening of the calcaneus: Part I. Long plantar ligament strain. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2004, 43(1): 10-15.
15. Saxena A. Evans calcaneal osteotomy. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2000, 39(2): 136-137.
16. Thomas RL, Wells BC, Garrison RL, et al. Preliminary results comparing two methods of lateral column lengthening. Foot Ankle Int, 2001, 22(2): 107-119.
17. Cooper P, Nowak M, Shaer J. Calcaneocuboid joint pressures with lateral column lengthening (Evans) procedure. Foot Ankle Int, 1997, 18(4): 199-205.
18. Momberger N, Morgan J, Bachus K, et al. Calcaneocuboid joint pressure after lateral column lengthening in a cadaveric planovalgus deformity model. Foot Ankle Int, 2000, 21(9): 730-735.
19. Iaquinto JM, Wayne JS. Effects of surgical correction for the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity: a computational investigation. J Orthop Res, 2011, 29(7): 1047-1054.
20. Hintermann B, Valderrabano V, Kundert HP. Lengthening of the lateral column and reconstruction of the medial soft tissue for the treatment of acquired flat foot deformity associated with insufficiency of the posterior tibial tendon. Foot Ankle Int, 1999, 20(10): 622-629.
21. Tien TR, Parks BG, Guyton GP. Plantar pressures in the forefoot after lateral column lengthening: a cadaver study comparing the Evans osteotomy and calcaneocuboid fusion. Foot Ankle Int, 2005, 26(7): 520-525.
22. Oeffinger DJ, Pectol RW Jr, Tylkowski CM. Foot pressure and radiographic outcome measures of lateral column lengthening for pes planovalgus deformity. Gait Posture, 2000, 12(3): 189-195.
23. Astion DJ, Deland JT, Otis JC, et al. Motion of the Hindfoot after simulated Arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1997, 79(2): 241-246.
24. Speck M, Klaue K. Medial flexor digitorum longus tendon augmentation and lateral foot column lengthening or reorienting triple arthrodesis as surgical therapy of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 2001, 139(4): 332-339.
25. Haeseker GA, Mureau MA, Faber FW. Lateral column lengthening for acquired adult flatfoot deformity caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction stage II: a retrospective comparison of calcaneus osteotomy with calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2010, 49(4): 380-384.
26. Viegas GV. Reconstruction of the pediatric flexible planovalgus foot by using an Evans calcaneal osteotomy and augmentative medial split tibialis anterior tendon transfer. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2003, 42(4): 199-207.
27. Grunander TR, Thordarson DB. Results of calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Surg, 2011. [Epub ahead of print].
28. Kimball HL, Aronow MS, Sullivan RJ, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis: a cadaver study of two different fixation methods. Foot Ankle Int, 2000, 21(10): 845-848.
29. Templin D, Jones K, Weiner DS. The incorporation of allogeneic and autogenous bone graft in healing of lateral column lengthening of the calcaneus. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2008, 47(4): 283-287.
30. Philbin TM, Pokabla C, Berlet GC. Lateral column lengthening using allograft interposition and cervical plate fixation. Foot Ankle Spec, 2008, 1(5): 288-296.
31. John S, Child BJ, Hix J, et al. A retrospective analysis of anterior calcaneal osteotomy with allogenic bone graft. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2010, 49(4): 375-379.
32. Barrow CR, Pomeroy GC. Enhancement of syndesomtic fusion rates in total ankle arthroplasty with use of autologous platlet concentrate. Foot Ankle Int, 2005, 26(6): 458-461.
33. Grier KM, Walling AK. The use of tricortical autograft versus allograft in lateral column lengthening for adult acquired flatfoot deformity: an analysis of union rates and complications. Foot Ankle Int, 2010, 31(9): 760-769.
34. Mahan KT, Hillstrom HJ. Bone grafting in foot and ankle surgery. A review of 300 cases. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, 1998, 88(3): 109-118.
35. Davitt JS, Morgan JM. Stress fracture of the fifth metatarsal after Evans'calcaneal osteotomy: a report of two cases. Foot Ankle Int, 1998, 19(10): 710-712.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH PROGRESS OF LATERAL COLUMN LENGTHENING

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