EXPRESSION OF MECHANO-GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS ROLES IN TISSUE REPAIRS AND REGENERATION/_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Bingyu , SONG Guanbin , LUO Qing , YANG Li.

College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044,P.R.China.;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Mechano-growth factor, Insul in-l ike growth factor I, Tissue repair ,Tissue regeneration

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Objective To review the expression of mechano-growth factor (MGF) and its roles in tissue repairs and
regeneration. Methods The l iterature about the expression of MGF and its roles in tissue repairs and regeneration in recent
years was reviewed. Results MGF is sensitive to mechanical stimulation and can be expressed in various tissues/cells. MGF is
responsible for satell ite cell activation, myoblast proliferation, and plays important roles in the treatment of muscle coloboma,
prevention of myocardial injury, and neuroprotection. Conclusion The important role of MGF in tissue repairs and
regeneration has been identified, however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear up to now and still need a further study.

Citation： ZHANG Bingyu,SONG Guanbin,LUO Qing,YANG Li.. EXPRESSION OF MECHANO-GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS ROLES IN TISSUE REPAIRS AND REGENERATION/. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2012, 26(5): 617-620. doi: Copy

1.	Yang S, Alnaqeeb M, Simpson H, et al. Cloning and characterization of an IGF-1 isoform expressed in skeletal muscle subjected to stretch. J Muscle Res Cell Motil, 1996, 17(4): 487-495.
2.	Mills P, Dominique JC, Lafreniere JF, et al. A synthetic mechano growth factor E peptide enhances myogenic precursor cell transplantation success. Am J Transplant, 2007, 7(10): 2247-2259.
3.	Deng M, Zhang B, Wang K, et al. Mechano growth factor E peptide promotes osteoblasts proliferation and bone-defect healing in rabbits. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(7): 1099-1006.
4.	Stavropoulou A, Halapas A, Sourla A, et al. IGF-1 expression in infarcted myocardium and MGF E peptide actions in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mol Med, 2009, 15(5-6): 127-135.
5.	Florini JR, Ewton DZ, Coolican SA. Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis. Endocr Rev, 1996, 17(5): 481-517.
6.	Yang SY, Goldspink G. Different roles of the IGF-I Ec peptide (MGF) and mature IGF-I in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. FEBS Lett, 2002, 522(1-3): 156-160.
7.	Jansen E, Steenbergh PH, LeRoith D, et al. Identification of multiple transcription start sites in the human insulin-like growth factor-I gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 1991, 78(1-2): 115-125.
8.	Kim SW, Lajara R, Rotwein P. Structure and function of a human insulin-like growth factor-I gene promoter. Mol Endocrinol, 1991, 5(12): 1964-1972.
9.	Greig CA, Hameed M, Young A, et al. Skeletal muscle IGF-I isoform expression in healthy women after isometric exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res, 2006, 16(5-6): 373-376.
10.	Heinemeier KM, Olesen JL, Schjerling P, et al. Short-term strength training and the expression of myostatin and IGF-I isoforms in rat muscle and tendon: differential effects of specific contraction types. J Appl Physiol, 2007, 102(2): 573-581.
11.	Liu Y, Heinichen M, Wirth K, et al. Response of growth and myogenic factors in human skeletal muscle to strength training. Br J Sports Med, 2008, 42(12): 989-993.
12.	McKoy G, Ashley W, Mander J, et al. Expression of insulin growth factor-1 splice variants and structural genes in rabbit skeletal muscle induced by stretch and stimulation. J Physiol, 1999, 516(Pt 2): 583-592.
13.	D’Ercole AJ, Ye P, Calikoglu AS, et al. The role of the insulin-like growth factors in the central nervous system. Mol Neurobiol, 1996, 13(3): 227-255.
14.	Zhang B, Xian C, Luo Y, et al. Expression and subcellular localization of mechano-growth factor in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch. Sci China C Life Sci, 2009, 52(10): 928-934.
15.	Armakolas A, Philippou A, Panteleakou Z, et al. Preferential expression of IGF-1Ec (MGF) transcript in cancerous tissues of human prostate: evidence for a novel and autonomous growth factor activity of MGF E peptide in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate, 2010, 70(11): 1233-1242.
16.	Owino V, Yang SY, Goldspink G. Age-related loss of skeletal muscle function and the inability to express the autocrine form of insulin-like growth factor-1 (MGF) in response to mechanical overload. FEBS Lett, 2001, 505(2): 259-263.
17.	Hameed M, Orrell RW, Cobbold M, et al. Expression of IGF-I splice variants in young and old human skeletal muscle after high resistance exercise. J Physiol, 2003, 547(Pt 1): 247-254.
18.	Hameed M, Lange KH, Andersen JL, et al. The effect of recombinant human growth hormone and resistance training on IGF-I mRNA expression in the muscles of elderly men. J Physiol, 2004, 555(Pt 1): 231-240.
19.	Imanaka M, Iida K, Murawaki A, et al. Growth hormone stimulates mechano growth factor expression and activates myoblast transformation in C2C12 cells. Kobe J Med Sci, 2008, 54(1): E46-54.
20.	Kravchenko IV, Furalyov VA, Popov VO. Hyperthermia and acidification stimulate mechano-growth factor synthesis in murine myoblasts and myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008, 375(2): 271-274.
21.	van Dijk-Ottens M, Vos IH, Cornelissen PW, et al. Thyroid hormone-induced cardiac mechano growth factor expression depends on beating activity. Endocrinology, 2010, 151(2): 830-838.
22.	Kravchenko IV, Furalyov VA, Lisitsina ES, et al. Stimulation of mechano-growth factor expression by second messengers. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2010, 507(2): 323-331.
23.	Hill M, Goldspink G. Expression and splicing of the insulin-like growth factor gene in rodent muscle is associated with muscle satellite (stem) cell activation following local tissue damage. J Physiol, 2003, 549(2): 409-419.
24.	Ates K, Yang SY, Orrell RW, et al. The IGF-I splice variant MGF increases progenitor cells in ALS, dystrophic, and normal muscle. FEBS Lett, 2007, 581(14): 2727-2732.
25.	Aperghis M, Johnson IP, Cannon J, et al. Different levels of neuroprotection by two insulin-like growth factor-I splice variants. Brain Res, 2004, 1009(1-2): 213-218.
26.	Riddoch-Contreras J, Yang SY, Dick JR, et al. Mechano-growth factor, an IGF-I splice variant, rescues motoneurons and improves muscle function in SOD1 (G93A) mice. Exp Neurol, 2009, 215(2): 281-289.
27.	Quesada A, Micevych P, Handforth A. C-terminal mechano growth factor protects dopamine neurons: a novel peptide that induces heme oxygenase-1. Exp Neurol, 2009, 220(2): 255-266.
28.	Carpenter V, Matthews K, Devlin G, et al. Mechano-growth factor reduces loss of cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction. Heart Lung Circ, 2008, 17(1): 33-39.
29.	Shioura KM, Los T, Geenen DL, et al. The unique E-domain of an IGF-I isoform expressed in muscle preserves cardiac function and prevents apoptosis following myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2006, 114(18): 232-232.
30.	Tureckova J, Wilson EM, Cappalonga JL, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-mediated muscle differentiation: collaboration between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-signaling pathways and myogenin. J Biol Chem, 2001, 276(42): 39264-39270.
31.	Quesada A, Ogi J, Schultz J, et al. C-terminal mechano-growth factor induces heme oxygenase-1-mediated neuroprotection of SH-SY5Y cells via the protein kinase C/Nrf2 pathway. J Neurosci Res, 2011, 89(3): 394-405.

1. Yang S, Alnaqeeb M, Simpson H, et al. Cloning and characterization of an IGF-1 isoform expressed in skeletal muscle subjected to stretch. J Muscle Res Cell Motil, 1996, 17(4): 487-495.
2. Mills P, Dominique JC, Lafreniere JF, et al. A synthetic mechano growth factor E peptide enhances myogenic precursor cell transplantation success. Am J Transplant, 2007, 7(10): 2247-2259.
3. Deng M, Zhang B, Wang K, et al. Mechano growth factor E peptide promotes osteoblasts proliferation and bone-defect healing in rabbits. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(7): 1099-1006.
4. Stavropoulou A, Halapas A, Sourla A, et al. IGF-1 expression in infarcted myocardium and MGF E peptide actions in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mol Med, 2009, 15(5-6): 127-135.
5. Florini JR, Ewton DZ, Coolican SA. Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis. Endocr Rev, 1996, 17(5): 481-517.
6. Yang SY, Goldspink G. Different roles of the IGF-I Ec peptide (MGF) and mature IGF-I in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. FEBS Lett, 2002, 522(1-3): 156-160.
7. Jansen E, Steenbergh PH, LeRoith D, et al. Identification of multiple transcription start sites in the human insulin-like growth factor-I gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 1991, 78(1-2): 115-125.
8. Kim SW, Lajara R, Rotwein P. Structure and function of a human insulin-like growth factor-I gene promoter. Mol Endocrinol, 1991, 5(12): 1964-1972.
9. Greig CA, Hameed M, Young A, et al. Skeletal muscle IGF-I isoform expression in healthy women after isometric exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res, 2006, 16(5-6): 373-376.
10. Heinemeier KM, Olesen JL, Schjerling P, et al. Short-term strength training and the expression of myostatin and IGF-I isoforms in rat muscle and tendon: differential effects of specific contraction types. J Appl Physiol, 2007, 102(2): 573-581.
11. Liu Y, Heinichen M, Wirth K, et al. Response of growth and myogenic factors in human skeletal muscle to strength training. Br J Sports Med, 2008, 42(12): 989-993.
12. McKoy G, Ashley W, Mander J, et al. Expression of insulin growth factor-1 splice variants and structural genes in rabbit skeletal muscle induced by stretch and stimulation. J Physiol, 1999, 516(Pt 2): 583-592.
13. D’Ercole AJ, Ye P, Calikoglu AS, et al. The role of the insulin-like growth factors in the central nervous system. Mol Neurobiol, 1996, 13(3): 227-255.
14. Zhang B, Xian C, Luo Y, et al. Expression and subcellular localization of mechano-growth factor in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch. Sci China C Life Sci, 2009, 52(10): 928-934.
15. Armakolas A, Philippou A, Panteleakou Z, et al. Preferential expression of IGF-1Ec (MGF) transcript in cancerous tissues of human prostate: evidence for a novel and autonomous growth factor activity of MGF E peptide in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate, 2010, 70(11): 1233-1242.
16. Owino V, Yang SY, Goldspink G. Age-related loss of skeletal muscle function and the inability to express the autocrine form of insulin-like growth factor-1 (MGF) in response to mechanical overload. FEBS Lett, 2001, 505(2): 259-263.
17. Hameed M, Orrell RW, Cobbold M, et al. Expression of IGF-I splice variants in young and old human skeletal muscle after high resistance exercise. J Physiol, 2003, 547(Pt 1): 247-254.
18. Hameed M, Lange KH, Andersen JL, et al. The effect of recombinant human growth hormone and resistance training on IGF-I mRNA expression in the muscles of elderly men. J Physiol, 2004, 555(Pt 1): 231-240.
19. Imanaka M, Iida K, Murawaki A, et al. Growth hormone stimulates mechano growth factor expression and activates myoblast transformation in C2C12 cells. Kobe J Med Sci, 2008, 54(1): E46-54.
20. Kravchenko IV, Furalyov VA, Popov VO. Hyperthermia and acidification stimulate mechano-growth factor synthesis in murine myoblasts and myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008, 375(2): 271-274.
21. van Dijk-Ottens M, Vos IH, Cornelissen PW, et al. Thyroid hormone-induced cardiac mechano growth factor expression depends on beating activity. Endocrinology, 2010, 151(2): 830-838.
22. Kravchenko IV, Furalyov VA, Lisitsina ES, et al. Stimulation of mechano-growth factor expression by second messengers. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2010, 507(2): 323-331.
23. Hill M, Goldspink G. Expression and splicing of the insulin-like growth factor gene in rodent muscle is associated with muscle satellite (stem) cell activation following local tissue damage. J Physiol, 2003, 549(2): 409-419.
24. Ates K, Yang SY, Orrell RW, et al. The IGF-I splice variant MGF increases progenitor cells in ALS, dystrophic, and normal muscle. FEBS Lett, 2007, 581(14): 2727-2732.
25. Aperghis M, Johnson IP, Cannon J, et al. Different levels of neuroprotection by two insulin-like growth factor-I splice variants. Brain Res, 2004, 1009(1-2): 213-218.
26. Riddoch-Contreras J, Yang SY, Dick JR, et al. Mechano-growth factor, an IGF-I splice variant, rescues motoneurons and improves muscle function in SOD1 (G93A) mice. Exp Neurol, 2009, 215(2): 281-289.
27. Quesada A, Micevych P, Handforth A. C-terminal mechano growth factor protects dopamine neurons: a novel peptide that induces heme oxygenase-1. Exp Neurol, 2009, 220(2): 255-266.
28. Carpenter V, Matthews K, Devlin G, et al. Mechano-growth factor reduces loss of cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction. Heart Lung Circ, 2008, 17(1): 33-39.
29. Shioura KM, Los T, Geenen DL, et al. The unique E-domain of an IGF-I isoform expressed in muscle preserves cardiac function and prevents apoptosis following myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2006, 114(18): 232-232.
30. Tureckova J, Wilson EM, Cappalonga JL, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-mediated muscle differentiation: collaboration between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-signaling pathways and myogenin. J Biol Chem, 2001, 276(42): 39264-39270.
31. Quesada A, Ogi J, Schultz J, et al. C-terminal mechano-growth factor induces heme oxygenase-1-mediated neuroprotection of SH-SY5Y cells via the protein kinase C/Nrf2 pathway. J Neurosci Res, 2011, 89(3): 394-405.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

EXPRESSION OF MECHANO-GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS ROLES IN TISSUE REPAIRS AND REGENERATION/

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