Antiplatelet Therapy in the Secondary Prevention of Stroke_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

Graeme J. Hankey

Stroke Unit of Royal Perth Hospital,197 Wellington Street, Perth, Australia 6001;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Stroke; Antiplatelet therapy; Secondary prevention of serious vascular event; Clinical evidence; Aspirin

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Citation： Graeme J. Hankey. Antiplatelet Therapy in the Secondary Prevention of Stroke. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2004, 04(3): 150-156. doi: Copy

1.	［27］Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, MannJT III, Fry ET, Delago A,Wilmer C, Topol EJ. for the CREDO Invesrgators. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention. A randomized controlled trial[J]. JAMA, 2002; 288:2 411-2 420.
2.	［28］The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-Segment elevation[J]. N Engl J Med, 2001; 345(7) :494-502.
3.	［29］Second Chinese Cardiac Study (CCS-2) Collaborative Group.R ationale, design and organisation of the Second Chinese Cardiac Study (CCS-2): a randomised trial of clopidogrel plus aspirin, and nfmetoprolol, among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction [ J ]. J Cardiovasc Risk, 2000; 7(6): 435-441.
4.	［30］Hart RG, Benavente 0, McBride R, Pearce LA. Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1999; 131 (7): 492-501.
5.	［1］Gubitz G, Sandercock P, Counsell C. Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke ( Cochrane Review ) [ J ]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2003. Oxford: Update Software.
6.	［2］Chen Z, Sandercock P, Pan H, Counsell C, Collins R, Liu L, Xie JX, Warlow C, Peto R. Indications for early aspirin use in acute ischaemic stroke. A combined analysis of 40 000randomized patients from the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial[J]. Stroke, 2000; 31 (16): 1240-1 249.
7.	［3］Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative metaanalysis of randomised trials of anfiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients[J]. BMJ, 2002; 324:71-86.
8.	［4］Patrono C. Aspirin as an antiplatelet drug[ J ]. N Engl J Med,1994; 330(18): 1 287-1293.
9.	［5］Algra A , van Gijn J . Cumulative meta - analysis of aspirin efficacy after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin[J ]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1999; 66(2): 255.
10.	［6］Taylor DW, Barnett HJM, Haynes RB, Ferguson GG, Sackett DL, Thorpe KE, Simard D, Silver Fl, Hachinski V, Clagett GP, Barnes R, Spence JD. Low- dose and high-dose acetylsalicyclic acid for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a randomised controlled trial [ J ]. Lancet,1999; 353(9 117): 2 179-2 184.
11.	［7］Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30mg vs 283mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med,1991 ; 325(18): 1 261-1 266.
12.	［8］He J, Whelton PK, Vu B, Klag MJ. Aspirin and risk of hemorrhagic stroke. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. JAMA, 1998; 280(22): 1 930-1935.
13.	［9］UK - TIA Study Group . The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK- TIA) aspirin trial: final results[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1991; 54:1 044-1 054.
14.	［10］Thrift AG, McNeilJJ, Forbes A, Donnan GA. R isk factors for cerebral hemorrhage in the era of vell-controlled hypertension. Melbourne Risk Factor Study (MERFS)Group[J]. Stroke, 1996; 27(11): 2 020-2 025.
15.	［11］Iso H, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ, R exrode KM, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Man Son JE. Prospective study of aspirin use and risk of stroke in women [ J ]. Stroke 1999; 30(9): 1 764-1 771.
16.	［12］Derry S, Loke YK. Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis [ J ]. BM J, 2000; 321(7 270): 1 183-1 187.
17.	［13］Garcia Rodriguez LA , Hemandez - Diaz S , de Abajo FJ .Association between aspirin and upper gastrointestinal complications. Systematic review ofepidemiologic studies[J].Br J Clin Pharmacol , 2001; 52(5): 563-571.
18.	［14］Gent M, Beaumont D, Blanchard J, Janzon L, Kusmierek JJE,Panak E, et al. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk ofischaemic events (CAPRIE)[J]. Lancet, 1996; 348:1 329-1 338.
19.	［15］Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. European stroke prevention study 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicyclic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke[J].J Neurol Sci, 1996; 143(1-2): 1-13.
20.	［16］Hankey GJ, Sudlow CLM, Dunbabin DW. Thienopyridines or aspirin to prevent stroke and other serious vascular events in patients at high risk of vascular disease [ J ]. Stroke, 2000; 31(7): 1 779-1 784.
21.	［17］Moloney BA. An analysis of the side effects of ticlopidine. In:Hass WK, Easton JD, eds [ M ]. Ticlopidine, platelets and vascular disease. , 1993: 117-139.
22.	［18］Bennett CL , Davidson CJ , Raisch DW , Weinberg PD ,Bennett RH, Feldman MD. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ticlopidine in the setting of coronary artery stents and stroke prevention[J]. Arch Iht Med, 1999;159(21 ): 2 524-2 528.
23.	［19］Bennett CL, Cormors JM, Moake JL. Clopidogrel and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [ J ]. N Engl J Med, 2000; 343(25): 1 191-1 194.
24.	［20］Hankey GJ. Clopidogrel and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura[J]. Lancet, 2000; 356(9 226): 269-270.
25.	［21］De Schryver ELLM, on behalf of the European/Australian Stroke Prevention in R eversible Ischaemia Trial (ESPR IT )Group. Design of ESPRIT: an international randomised trial for secondary prevention after non-disabling cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin [J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2000; 10(2): 147-150.
26.	［22］BoersmaE , HarringtonRA , MolitemoDJ , White H ,Theroux P, Van de Weft F, de Torbal A, Aemstrong PW,Wallentiu LC, Wilcox RG, Simes J, Califf Rm, Topol EJ,Simoons ML. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a men-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials[J]. Lancet, 2002; 359(9 302): 189-198.
27.	［23］Karvouni E , Katritsis DG , Ioannidis JPA . Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists reduce mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2003; 41 ( 1 ): 26-32.
28.	［24］Chew DP, Bhatt DL, Sapp S, Topol EJ. Increased mortality with oral platelet glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa antagonists [ J ].Circulation, 2001; 103(2): 201-206.
29.	［25］Topol EJ, Easton JD, Amarenco P, Califf R, Harrington R,Graffagnino C, Davis S, Diener HC, Ferguson J, Fitzgerald D, Shuaib A, Koudstaal PJ, Theroux P, Van’ de Weft F,Willerson JT, Chan R, Samules R, Ilson B, Granett J.Design of the blockade of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion (BRAVO) trial [ J ]. Am Heart J,2000; 139(6): 927-933.
30.	［26］Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJG, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS,Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F,Chrolavisius S, Copland I, Fox KA. for the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE)Investigators. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study[J]. Lancet, 2001; 358:527-533.

1. ［27］Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, MannJT III, Fry ET, Delago A,Wilmer C, Topol EJ. for the CREDO Invesrgators. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention. A randomized controlled trial[J]. JAMA, 2002; 288:2 411-2 420.
2. ［28］The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-Segment elevation[J]. N Engl J Med, 2001; 345(7) :494-502.
3. ［29］Second Chinese Cardiac Study (CCS-2) Collaborative Group.R ationale, design and organisation of the Second Chinese Cardiac Study (CCS-2): a randomised trial of clopidogrel plus aspirin, and nfmetoprolol, among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction [ J ]. J Cardiovasc Risk, 2000; 7(6): 435-441.
4. ［30］Hart RG, Benavente 0, McBride R, Pearce LA. Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1999; 131 (7): 492-501.
5. ［1］Gubitz G, Sandercock P, Counsell C. Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke ( Cochrane Review ) [ J ]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2003. Oxford: Update Software.
6. ［2］Chen Z, Sandercock P, Pan H, Counsell C, Collins R, Liu L, Xie JX, Warlow C, Peto R. Indications for early aspirin use in acute ischaemic stroke. A combined analysis of 40 000randomized patients from the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial[J]. Stroke, 2000; 31 (16): 1240-1 249.
7. ［3］Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative metaanalysis of randomised trials of anfiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients[J]. BMJ, 2002; 324:71-86.
8. ［4］Patrono C. Aspirin as an antiplatelet drug[ J ]. N Engl J Med,1994; 330(18): 1 287-1293.
9. ［5］Algra A , van Gijn J . Cumulative meta - analysis of aspirin efficacy after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin[J ]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1999; 66(2): 255.
10. ［6］Taylor DW, Barnett HJM, Haynes RB, Ferguson GG, Sackett DL, Thorpe KE, Simard D, Silver Fl, Hachinski V, Clagett GP, Barnes R, Spence JD. Low- dose and high-dose acetylsalicyclic acid for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a randomised controlled trial [ J ]. Lancet,1999; 353(9 117): 2 179-2 184.
11. ［7］Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30mg vs 283mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med,1991 ; 325(18): 1 261-1 266.
12. ［8］He J, Whelton PK, Vu B, Klag MJ. Aspirin and risk of hemorrhagic stroke. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. JAMA, 1998; 280(22): 1 930-1935.
13. ［9］UK - TIA Study Group . The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK- TIA) aspirin trial: final results[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1991; 54:1 044-1 054.
14. ［10］Thrift AG, McNeilJJ, Forbes A, Donnan GA. R isk factors for cerebral hemorrhage in the era of vell-controlled hypertension. Melbourne Risk Factor Study (MERFS)Group[J]. Stroke, 1996; 27(11): 2 020-2 025.
15. ［11］Iso H, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ, R exrode KM, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Man Son JE. Prospective study of aspirin use and risk of stroke in women [ J ]. Stroke 1999; 30(9): 1 764-1 771.
16. ［12］Derry S, Loke YK. Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis [ J ]. BM J, 2000; 321(7 270): 1 183-1 187.
17. ［13］Garcia Rodriguez LA , Hemandez - Diaz S , de Abajo FJ .Association between aspirin and upper gastrointestinal complications. Systematic review ofepidemiologic studies[J].Br J Clin Pharmacol , 2001; 52(5): 563-571.
18. ［14］Gent M, Beaumont D, Blanchard J, Janzon L, Kusmierek JJE,Panak E, et al. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk ofischaemic events (CAPRIE)[J]. Lancet, 1996; 348:1 329-1 338.
19. ［15］Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. European stroke prevention study 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicyclic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke[J].J Neurol Sci, 1996; 143(1-2): 1-13.
20. ［16］Hankey GJ, Sudlow CLM, Dunbabin DW. Thienopyridines or aspirin to prevent stroke and other serious vascular events in patients at high risk of vascular disease [ J ]. Stroke, 2000; 31(7): 1 779-1 784.
21. ［17］Moloney BA. An analysis of the side effects of ticlopidine. In:Hass WK, Easton JD, eds [ M ]. Ticlopidine, platelets and vascular disease. , 1993: 117-139.
22. ［18］Bennett CL , Davidson CJ , Raisch DW , Weinberg PD ,Bennett RH, Feldman MD. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ticlopidine in the setting of coronary artery stents and stroke prevention[J]. Arch Iht Med, 1999;159(21 ): 2 524-2 528.
23. ［19］Bennett CL, Cormors JM, Moake JL. Clopidogrel and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [ J ]. N Engl J Med, 2000; 343(25): 1 191-1 194.
24. ［20］Hankey GJ. Clopidogrel and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura[J]. Lancet, 2000; 356(9 226): 269-270.
25. ［21］De Schryver ELLM, on behalf of the European/Australian Stroke Prevention in R eversible Ischaemia Trial (ESPR IT )Group. Design of ESPRIT: an international randomised trial for secondary prevention after non-disabling cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin [J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2000; 10(2): 147-150.
26. ［22］BoersmaE , HarringtonRA , MolitemoDJ , White H ,Theroux P, Van de Weft F, de Torbal A, Aemstrong PW,Wallentiu LC, Wilcox RG, Simes J, Califf Rm, Topol EJ,Simoons ML. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a men-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials[J]. Lancet, 2002; 359(9 302): 189-198.
27. ［23］Karvouni E , Katritsis DG , Ioannidis JPA . Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists reduce mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2003; 41 ( 1 ): 26-32.
28. ［24］Chew DP, Bhatt DL, Sapp S, Topol EJ. Increased mortality with oral platelet glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa antagonists [ J ].Circulation, 2001; 103(2): 201-206.
29. ［25］Topol EJ, Easton JD, Amarenco P, Califf R, Harrington R,Graffagnino C, Davis S, Diener HC, Ferguson J, Fitzgerald D, Shuaib A, Koudstaal PJ, Theroux P, Van’ de Weft F,Willerson JT, Chan R, Samules R, Ilson B, Granett J.Design of the blockade of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion (BRAVO) trial [ J ]. Am Heart J,2000; 139(6): 927-933.
30. ［26］Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJG, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS,Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F,Chrolavisius S, Copland I, Fox KA. for the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE)Investigators. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study[J]. Lancet, 2001; 358:527-533.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Antiplatelet Therapy in the Secondary Prevention of Stroke

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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