皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的治疗与研究现状_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

刘晓玲 ,  邹立群

Corresponding author：

邹立群, Email: xiaoling6100@163.com

Keywords：

皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤; 化学治疗; 分子靶向治疗

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结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤（ENKTCL）是一种少见疾病，其分布具有明显的地域和种族特征，西方国家比较少见，多发生于亚洲、墨西哥及中南美洲，占所有非霍奇金淋巴瘤的5%～18%。按解剖部位被划分为上呼吸消化道NK/T细胞淋巴瘤（UAT-NKTCL）和非上呼吸消化道NK/T细胞淋巴瘤（NUAT-NKTCL）。在非上呼吸消化道病例中，皮肤往往是瘤体最常侵犯的器官。皮肤受累的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤称为皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤（CNKTCL），包括了原发于皮肤以及原发于皮肤外的晚期ENKTCL皮肤浸润，但是不论是疾病原发或是继发的晚期皮肤浸润，其病程进展快，预后差，中位生存时间＜12个月。侵袭性淋巴瘤常用的化学疗法方案如CHOP（环磷酰胺+多柔比星+长春新碱+泼尼松）或者CHOP类似方案以及对鼻部早期患者证实有效的局部放射治疗在皮肤NK/T患者中并未带来明显的生存获益，目前新的治疗方案还在探索中。随着肿瘤分子生物学的标靶干预和基因组研究的深入进展，靶向治疗有望为CNKTCL患者带来福音。本文将着重就CNKTCL治疗现状和预后加以综述。

Citation： 刘晓玲,邹立群. 皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的治疗与研究现状. West China Medical Journal, 2012, 27(11): 1745-1750. doi: Copy

1.	Isobe K, Uno T, Tamaru J, et al. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the significance of radiotherapeutic parameters[J]. Cancer, 2006, 106(3): 609-615.
2.	Anonymous. The world health organization classification of malignant lymphomas in Japan: incidence of recently recognized entities. Lymphoma Study Group of Japanese Pathologists[J]. Pathol Int, 2000, 50(9): 696-702.
3.	Oshimi‌ K, Kawa K, Nakamura S, et al. NK-cell neoplasms in Japan[J]. Hematology, 2005, 10(3): 237-245 .
4.	Kim TM, Heo DS. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: new staging system and treatment strategies[J]. Cancer Sci, 2009, 100(12): 2242-2248.
5.	Aoki P, Karube K, Sugita Y, et al. Distribution of malignant lymphoma in Japan: analysis of 2 260 cases, 2001-2006[J]. Pathol Int, 2008, 58(3): 174-182.
6.	Berti E, Recalcati S, Girgenti V, et al. Cutaneous extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 5 patients with array-based comparative genomic hybridization[J]. Blood, 2010, 116(2): 165-170.
7.	Jian B, Zhuo Z, Yuan T, et al. Extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of the skin: a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases in China[J]. Hum Pathol, 2009, 40(6): 807-816.
8.	邹长武，邹生彬. 原发皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤1例 [J]. 广东医学，2009, 30(12): 1880.
9.	JAu‌ WY, Weisenburger D, Intragumtornchai T, et al. Clinical differences between nasal and extranasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a study of 136 cases from the international peripheral t-cell lymphoma project[J]. Blood, 2009, 113(17): 3931-3937.
10.	Au WY, Pang A, Choy C, et al. Quantiﬁcation of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the diagnosis and monitoring of natural killer cell and EBV-positive lymphomasin immunocompetent patients[J]. Blood 2004, 104(1): 243-249.
11.	Suzuki R, Yamaguchi M, Izutsu K, et al. Prospective measurement of Epstein-Barr virus-DNA in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Blood, 2011, 118(23): 6018-6022.
12.	杨翰君，万川，王婷婷, 等. 皮下脂膜炎样,T细胞淋巴瘤与皮肤的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的对比研究[J]. 肿瘤, 2010(30): 143-145.
13.	Huang MJ, Jiang Y, Liu WP, et al. Early or up-front radiotherapy improve survival of localized extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type in the upper aerodigestive tract[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2008, 70(1): 166-174.
14.	Li YX, Yao B, Jin J ,et al. Radiotherapy as primary treatment for stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2006, 24(1): 181-189.
15.	You JY, Chi KH, Yang MH, et al. Radiation therapy versus chemotherapy as initial treatment for localized nasal natural killer (NK) ⁄ T-cell lymphoma: a single institute survey in Taiwan[J]. Ann Oncol, 2004, 15(4): 618-625.
16.	Jiang M, Zhang H, Jiang Y, et al . Phase 2 trial of “Sandwich” L-asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Cancer, 2011, 118(13): 3294-3301.
17.	Lee J, Park YH, Kim WS, et al. Extranodal nasal type NK ⁄ T-cell lymphoma:elucidating clinical prognostic factors for risk-based stratiﬁcation of therapy[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2005, 41(10): 1402-1408.
18.	Armitage J, Vose J, Weisenburger D, et al. International peripheral T-cell and natural killer ⁄ T-cell lymphoma study: pathology ﬁndings and clinical outcomes[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(25): 4124-4130.
19.	Yamaguchi‌ M, Tobinai K, Oguchi M, et al. Phase I/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: final results of JCOG0211[J]. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts), 2009, 27(15): 8549 .
20.	Suzuki R. Treatment of advanced extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal-type and aggressive NK-cell leukemia[J]. Int J Hematol, 2010, 92(5): 697-701.
21.	Kwong‌ YL, Chan AC, Liang R, et al. CD56+ NK lymphomas: clinicopathological features and prognosis [J]. Br J Haematol, 1997, 97(4): 821-829 .
22.	Wang‌ B, Li XQ, Ma X, et al . Immunohistochemical expression and clinical significance of P-glycoprotein in previously untreated extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Am J Hematol, 2008, 83(10): 795-799.
23.	Lee KW, Yun T, Kim DW, et al. First-line ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide and prednisolone chemotherapy+radiotherapy is active in stageⅠ/Ⅱextranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2006, 47(7): 1274-1282.
24.	Yamaguchi‌ M, Kwong Y, Kim W, et al. Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly-diagnosed stage IV, relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the NK-Cell Tumor Study Group Study [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(33): 4410-4416.
25.	Yamaguchi M, Suzuki R, Kwong YL, et al. Phase I study of dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide(SMILE) chemotherapy for advanced-stage, relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma and leukemia[J]. Cancer Sci, 2008, 99(5): 1016-1020.
26.	Imashuku S, Kuriyama K, Teramura T, et al. Requirement for etoposide in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19(10): 2665-2673.
27.	Arnaud J, Nathalie G, Benoit M, et al. Efficacy of L-asparaginase with methotrexate and dexamethasone(AspaMetDex regimen) in patients with refractory or relapsing extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, a phase 2 study[J]. Blood, 2011, 117(6): 1834-1839.
28.	Nowak-Gottl U, Ahlke E, Fleischhack G, et al. Thromboembolic events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BFM protocols): prednisone versus dexamethasone administration[J]. Blood, 2003, 101(7): 2529-2533.
29.	Kwong Y, Kim W, Lim S, et al. SMILE for natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma: analysis of safety and efficacy from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group[J]. Blood, 2012, 120(15): 2973-1980.
30.	Kim K, Ryu K, Ko Y, et al. Effects of nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors and its implication on natural killer T-cell lymphoma cells [J]. Br J Haematol, 2005, 131(1): 59-66.
31.	Shen L, Au WY, Guo T, et al. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib-induced apoptosis in natural killer(NK)-cell leukemia and lymphoma: an in vitro and in vivo preclinical evaluation[J]. Blood, 2007, 110(1): 469-470.
32.	Lee J, Suh C, Kang HJ, et al. Phase I study of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib plus CHOP in patients with advanced, aggressive T-cell or NK ⁄ T-cell lymphoma[J]. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(12): 2079-2083.
33.	Au WY, Lie AK, Liang R, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a progress report on its value[J]. Ann Oncol , 2003，14(11): 1673-1676.
34.	Murashige N, Kami M, Kishi Y, et al. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a promising treatment for natural killer-cell neoplasms[J]. Br J Haematol, 2005, 130(4): 561-567.
35.	Kwong YL. High-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic SCT in the managementof natural killer-cell malignancies[J]. Bone Marrow Transplant, 2009, 44(11): 709-714.
36.	Mori Y, Aoki T, Takenaka K, et al. Successful treatment of refractory advanced nasal NK/T cell lymphoma with unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation incorporating focal irradiation [J]. Int J Hematol, 2010, 91(1): 107-111.
37.	高素芝. 硼酸湿敷加氦氖激光照射治疗阴囊接触性皮炎30例效果观察[J]齐鲁护理杂志, 2007, 1 (15): 32-33.
38.	许璧瑜，欧树玉，陈木开. 5例皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的护理[J]. 当代医学，2009，15(27): 139.
39.	Ng SB, Selvarajan V, Huang G, et al. Activated oncogenic pathways and therapeutic targets in extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma revealed by gene expression profiling[J]. J Pathol, 2011, 223(4): 496-510.
40.	Ohshima K, Haraokaa S, Ishihara S, et al. Analysis of chromosome 6q deletion in EBV-associated NK cell leukaemia/lymphoma[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2002, 43(2): 293-300.
41.	Huang Y, de Reyniès A, de Leval L , et al. Gene expression profiling identifies emerging oncogenic pathways operating in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Blood， 2010, 115(6): 1226-1237.
42.	Siu LL, Chan V, Chan JK, et al.Consistent patterns of allelic loss in natural killer cell lymphoma[J]. Am J Pathol, 2000, 157(6): 1803-1809.
43.	Paik J, Ji YJ, Jeon YK, et al. MicroRNA-146a downregulates NF-κB activity via targeting TRAF6 and functions as a tumor suppressor having strong prognostic implications in NK/T cell lymphoma[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2011, 17(14): 4761-4771.
44.	Lister TA, Crowther D, Sutcliffe SB. Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with H odgkin’s disease: Cotswolds meeting[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1989, 7(11): 1630-1636.
45.	Gisselbrecht C, Gaulard P, Lepage E, et al. Prognostic significance of T-cell phenotype in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lym phomas[J]. Blood, 1998, 92(1): 76-82.
46.	Lee J, Suh C, Park YH, et al. Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a prognostic model from a retrospective multicenter study[J]. J ClinOncol, 2006, 24(4): 612-618.
47.	Fujiwara H, Maeda Y, Nawa Y N, et al. The utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Eur J Haematol , 2011, 87(2): 123-129.
48.	Chim CS, Ma SY, Au WY, et al. Primary nasalnatural killer cell lymphoma: long-term treatment outcome and relationship with the international prognostic index[J]. Blood, 2004, 103(1): 216-221.
49.	Kim TM, Park YH, Lee SY, et al. Local tumor invasiveness is more predictive of survival than International Prognostic Index in stage I(E)/II(E) extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Blood, 2005, 106(12): 3785-3790.
50.	Au WY, Weisenburger DD, Intragumtornchai T , et al. Clinical differences between nasal and extranasal natural killer/T-cell ymphoma: a study of 136 cases from the International Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Project[J]. Blood, 2009 , 113(17): 3931-3937.

1. 　Isobe K, Uno T, Tamaru J, et al. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the significance of radiotherapeutic parameters[J]. Cancer, 2006, 106(3): 609-615.
2. 　Anonymous. The world health organization classification of malignant lymphomas in Japan: incidence of recently recognized entities. Lymphoma Study Group of Japanese Pathologists[J]. Pathol Int, 2000, 50(9): 696-702.
3. 　Oshimi‌ K, Kawa K, Nakamura S, et al. NK-cell neoplasms in Japan[J]. Hematology, 2005, 10(3): 237-245 .
4. 　Kim TM, Heo DS. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: new staging system and treatment strategies[J]. Cancer Sci, 2009, 100(12): 2242-2248.
5. 　Aoki P, Karube K, Sugita Y, et al. Distribution of malignant lymphoma in Japan: analysis of 2 260 cases, 2001-2006[J]. Pathol Int, 2008, 58(3): 174-182.
6. 　Berti E, Recalcati S, Girgenti V, et al. Cutaneous extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 5 patients with array-based comparative genomic hybridization[J]. Blood, 2010, 116(2): 165-170.
7. 　Jian B, Zhuo Z, Yuan T, et al. Extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of the skin: a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases in China[J]. Hum Pathol, 2009, 40(6): 807-816.
8. 　邹长武，邹生彬. 原发皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤1例 [J]. 广东医学，2009, 30(12): 1880.
9. 　JAu‌ WY, Weisenburger D, Intragumtornchai T, et al. Clinical differences between nasal and extranasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a study of 136 cases from the international peripheral t-cell lymphoma project[J]. Blood, 2009, 113(17): 3931-3937.
10. 　Au WY, Pang A, Choy C, et al. Quantiﬁcation of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the diagnosis and monitoring of natural killer cell and EBV-positive lymphomasin immunocompetent patients[J]. Blood 2004, 104(1): 243-249.
11. 　Suzuki R, Yamaguchi M, Izutsu K, et al. Prospective measurement of Epstein-Barr virus-DNA in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Blood, 2011, 118(23): 6018-6022.
12. 　杨翰君，万川，王婷婷, 等. 皮下脂膜炎样,T细胞淋巴瘤与皮肤的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的对比研究[J]. 肿瘤, 2010(30): 143-145.
13. 　Huang MJ, Jiang Y, Liu WP, et al. Early or up-front radiotherapy improve survival of localized extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type in the upper aerodigestive tract[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2008, 70(1): 166-174.
14. 　Li YX, Yao B, Jin J ,et al. Radiotherapy as primary treatment for stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2006, 24(1): 181-189.
15. 　You JY, Chi KH, Yang MH, et al. Radiation therapy versus chemotherapy as initial treatment for localized nasal natural killer (NK) ⁄ T-cell lymphoma: a single institute survey in Taiwan[J]. Ann Oncol, 2004, 15(4): 618-625.
16. 　Jiang M, Zhang H, Jiang Y, et al . Phase 2 trial of “Sandwich” L-asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Cancer, 2011, 118(13): 3294-3301.
17. 　Lee J, Park YH, Kim WS, et al. Extranodal nasal type NK ⁄ T-cell lymphoma:elucidating clinical prognostic factors for risk-based stratiﬁcation of therapy[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2005, 41(10): 1402-1408.
18. 　Armitage J, Vose J, Weisenburger D, et al. International peripheral T-cell and natural killer ⁄ T-cell lymphoma study: pathology ﬁndings and clinical outcomes[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(25): 4124-4130.
19. 　Yamaguchi‌ M, Tobinai K, Oguchi M, et al. Phase I/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: final results of JCOG0211[J]. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts), 2009, 27(15): 8549 .
20. 　Suzuki R. Treatment of advanced extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal-type and aggressive NK-cell leukemia[J]. Int J Hematol, 2010, 92(5): 697-701.
21. 　Kwong‌ YL, Chan AC, Liang R, et al. CD56+ NK lymphomas: clinicopathological features and prognosis [J]. Br J Haematol, 1997, 97(4): 821-829 .
22. 　Wang‌ B, Li XQ, Ma X, et al . Immunohistochemical expression and clinical significance of P-glycoprotein in previously untreated extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Am J Hematol, 2008, 83(10): 795-799.
23. 　Lee KW, Yun T, Kim DW, et al. First-line ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide and prednisolone chemotherapy+radiotherapy is active in stageⅠ/Ⅱextranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2006, 47(7): 1274-1282.
24. 　Yamaguchi‌ M, Kwong Y, Kim W, et al. Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly-diagnosed stage IV, relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the NK-Cell Tumor Study Group Study [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(33): 4410-4416.
25. 　Yamaguchi M, Suzuki R, Kwong YL, et al. Phase I study of dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide(SMILE) chemotherapy for advanced-stage, relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma and leukemia[J]. Cancer Sci, 2008, 99(5): 1016-1020.
26. 　Imashuku S, Kuriyama K, Teramura T, et al. Requirement for etoposide in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19(10): 2665-2673.
27. 　Arnaud J, Nathalie G, Benoit M, et al. Efficacy of L-asparaginase with methotrexate and dexamethasone(AspaMetDex regimen) in patients with refractory or relapsing extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, a phase 2 study[J]. Blood, 2011, 117(6): 1834-1839.
28. 　Nowak-Gottl U, Ahlke E, Fleischhack G, et al. Thromboembolic events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BFM protocols): prednisone versus dexamethasone administration[J]. Blood, 2003, 101(7): 2529-2533.
29. 　Kwong Y, Kim W, Lim S, et al. SMILE for natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma: analysis of safety and efficacy from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group[J]. Blood, 2012, 120(15): 2973-1980.
30. 　Kim K, Ryu K, Ko Y, et al. Effects of nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors and its implication on natural killer T-cell lymphoma cells [J]. Br J Haematol, 2005, 131(1): 59-66.
31. 　Shen L, Au WY, Guo T, et al. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib-induced apoptosis in natural killer(NK)-cell leukemia and lymphoma: an in vitro and in vivo preclinical evaluation[J]. Blood, 2007, 110(1): 469-470.
32. 　Lee J, Suh C, Kang HJ, et al. Phase I study of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib plus CHOP in patients with advanced, aggressive T-cell or NK ⁄ T-cell lymphoma[J]. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(12): 2079-2083.
33. 　Au WY, Lie AK, Liang R, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a progress report on its value[J]. Ann Oncol , 2003，14(11): 1673-1676.
34. 　Murashige N, Kami M, Kishi Y, et al. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a promising treatment for natural killer-cell neoplasms[J]. Br J Haematol, 2005, 130(4): 561-567.
35. 　Kwong YL. High-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic SCT in the managementof natural killer-cell malignancies[J]. Bone Marrow Transplant, 2009, 44(11): 709-714.
36. 　Mori Y, Aoki T, Takenaka K, et al. Successful treatment of refractory advanced nasal NK/T cell lymphoma with unrelated cord blood stem cell transplantation incorporating focal irradiation [J]. Int J Hematol, 2010, 91(1): 107-111.
37. 　高素芝. 硼酸湿敷加氦氖激光照射治疗阴囊接触性皮炎30例效果观察[J]齐鲁护理杂志, 2007, 1 (15): 32-33.
38. 　许璧瑜，欧树玉，陈木开. 5例皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的护理[J]. 当代医学，2009，15(27): 139.
39. 　Ng SB, Selvarajan V, Huang G, et al. Activated oncogenic pathways and therapeutic targets in extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma revealed by gene expression profiling[J]. J Pathol, 2011, 223(4): 496-510.
40. 　Ohshima K, Haraokaa S, Ishihara S, et al. Analysis of chromosome 6q deletion in EBV-associated NK cell leukaemia/lymphoma[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2002, 43(2): 293-300.
41. 　Huang Y, de Reyniès A, de Leval L , et al. Gene expression profiling identifies emerging oncogenic pathways operating in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Blood， 2010, 115(6): 1226-1237.
42. 　Siu LL, Chan V, Chan JK, et al.Consistent patterns of allelic loss in natural killer cell lymphoma[J]. Am J Pathol, 2000, 157(6): 1803-1809.
43. 　Paik J, Ji YJ, Jeon YK, et al. MicroRNA-146a downregulates NF-κB activity via targeting TRAF6 and functions as a tumor suppressor having strong prognostic implications in NK/T cell lymphoma[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2011, 17(14): 4761-4771.
44. 　Lister TA, Crowther D, Sutcliffe SB. Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with H odgkin’s disease: Cotswolds meeting[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1989, 7(11): 1630-1636.
45. 　Gisselbrecht C, Gaulard P, Lepage E, et al. Prognostic significance of T-cell phenotype in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lym phomas[J]. Blood, 1998, 92(1): 76-82.
46. 　Lee J, Suh C, Park YH, et al. Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a prognostic model from a retrospective multicenter study[J]. J ClinOncol, 2006, 24(4): 612-618.
47. 　Fujiwara H, Maeda Y, Nawa Y N, et al. The utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Eur J Haematol , 2011, 87(2): 123-129.
48. 　Chim CS, Ma SY, Au WY, et al. Primary nasalnatural killer cell lymphoma: long-term treatment outcome and relationship with the international prognostic index[J]. Blood, 2004, 103(1): 216-221.
49. 　Kim TM, Park YH, Lee SY, et al. Local tumor invasiveness is more predictive of survival than International Prognostic Index in stage I(E)/II(E) extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type[J]. Blood, 2005, 106(12): 3785-3790.
50. 　Au WY, Weisenburger DD, Intragumtornchai T , et al. Clinical differences between nasal and extranasal natural killer/T-cell ymphoma: a study of 136 cases from the International Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Project[J]. Blood, 2009 , 113(17): 3931-3937.

West China Medical Journal

皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的治疗与研究现状

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