近年来国际糖尿病学领域发展迅速，尤其在2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）的流行病学、诊断和防治方面的理念不断推陈出新。如全球糖尿病发病剧增，糖化血红蛋白（hemoglobin A1c，HbA1c）之用于糖尿病诊断，糖尿病治疗靶目标的调整，治疗药物的安全性评价，预防治疗进展，生活方式干预可带来降糖外获益，强化降糖风险与获益新认知，重症患者血糖控制新证据、新标准，抗血小板治疗策略的调整;糖尿病与肿瘤、维生素D缺乏与糖尿病的关系以及新上市药物的研究进展等。现就上述各方面的研究进行简要评述，以期对临床医师的工作有所帮助。
Citation： 冉兴无. 盘点新知，辨析循证——2型糖尿病研究与防治. West China Medical Journal, 2011, 26(6): 801-806. doi: Copy
| 1. | Yang W, Lu J, Weng J, et al. China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(12): 1090-1101. |
| 2. | Mbanya JC. From yesterday to tomorrow: making a difference to global diabetes[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2010, 87(1): 132-135. |
| 3. | International Expert Committee. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(7): 1327-1334. |
| 4. | Alssema M, Vistisen D, Heymans MW, et al. The Evaluation of Screening and Early Detection Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (DETECT-2) update of the Finnish diabetes risk score for prediction of incident type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(5): 1004-1012. |
| 5. | Colagiuri S, Lee CM, Wong TY, et al. Glycemic thresholds for diabetes-specific retinopathy: implications for diagnostic criteria for diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2011, 34(1): 145-150. |
| 6. | World Health Organization. HbA1c in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review[EB/OL]. [2011-06-06]. http://www.who.int/entity/diabetes/publications/sys_rev_hba1c_web.pdf. |
| 7. | American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2010[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(Suppl 1): 11-61. |
| 8. | American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(Suppl 1): 62-69. |
| 9. | Seino Y, Nanjo K, Tajima N, et al. The Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society on the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus[J]. J Diabetes Invest, 2010, 1(5): 212-228. |
| 10. | Geiss LS, James C, Gregg EW, et al. Diabetes risk reduction behaviors among U.S. adults with prediabetes[J]. Am J Prev Med, 2010, 38(4): 403-409. |
| 11. | Karve A, Hayward RA. Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in nondiabetic U.S. adults[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(11): 2355-2359. |
| 12. | Tuomilehto J, Schwarz PE. Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes is advancing towards the mature stage in Europe[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2010, 42(Suppl 1): 1-2. |
| 13. | Paulweber B, Valensi P, Lindstrm J. A European evidence-based guideline for the prevention of type 2 diabetes[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2010, 42(Suppl 1): 3-36. |
| 14. | Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2007, 356(24): 2457-2471. |
| 15. | Woodcock J, Sharfstein JM, Hamburg M. Regulatory action on rosiglitazone by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(16): 1489-1491. |
| 16. | Blind E, Dunder K, de Graeff PA, et al. Rosiglitazone: a European regulatory perspective[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(2): 213-218. |
| 17. | 国家食品药监局. 国家食品药品监督管理局、卫生部要求加强罗格列酮及其复方制剂的使用管理[EB/OL]. (2010-10-16). [2011-06-06]. http://www.cdr.gov.cn/zxaqxx/gn/10/21156.shtml. |
| 18. | Bilik D, McEwen LN, Brown MB, et al. Thiazolidinediones and fractures: evidence from translating research into action for diabetes[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010, 95(10): 4560-4565. |
| 19. | Coppell KJ, Kataoka M, Williams SM, et al. Nutritional intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes who are hyperglycaemic despite optimised drug treatment--Lifestyle Over and Above Drugs in Diabetes (LOADD) study: randomised controlled trial[J]. BMJ, 2010, 341: c3337. |
| 20. | Look AHEAD Research Group, Wing RR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2010, 170(17): 1566-1575. |
| 21. | Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, et al. Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP). The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1) [J]. Diabetologia, 2006, 49(2): 289-297. |
| 22. | NAVIGATOR Study Group, McMurray JJ, Holman RR, et al. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(16): 1477-1490. |
| 23. | Nathan DM. Navigating the choices for diabetes prevention[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(16): 1533-1535. |
| 24. | Riddle MC, Ambrosius WT, Brillon DJ, et al. Epidemiologic relationships between A1C and all-cause mortality during a median 3.4-year follow-up of glycemic treatment in the ACCORD trial[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(5): 983-990. |
| 25. | Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA, et al. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2010, 376(9739): 419-430. |
| 26. | Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(15): 1410-1418. |
| 27. | NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(13): 1283-1297. |
| 28. | Ntaios G, Egli M, Faouzi M, et al. J-shaped association between serum glucose and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke[J]. Stroke, 2010, 41(10): 2366-2370. |
| 29. | Kosiborod M, Inzucchi SE, Krumholz HM, et al. Glucometrics in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: defining the optimal outcomes-based measure of risk[J]. Circulation, 2008, 117(8): 1018-1027. |
| 30. | Messerli FH, Mancia G, Conti CR, et al. Dogma disputed: can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous? [J]. Ann Intern Med, 2006, 144(12): 884-893. |
| 31. | ACCORD Study Group, Cushman WC, Evans GW, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(17): 1575-1585. |
| 32. | Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, et al. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document[J]. J Hypertens, 2009, 27(11): 2121-2158. |
| 33. | Antithrombotic Trialists’ (ATT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials[J]. Lancet, 2009, 373(9678): 1849-1860. |
| 34. | Pignone M, Alberts MJ, Colwell JA, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, a scientific statement of the American Heart Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(6): 1395-1402. |
| 35. | Waugh N, Cummins E, Royle P, et al. Newer agents for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation[J]. Health Technol Assess, 2010, 14(36): 1-248. |
| 36. | Gao Y, Yoon KH, Chuang LM, et al. Efficacy and safety of exenatide in patients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or metformin and a sulphonylurea[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2009, 83(1): 69-76. |
| 37. | Raz I, Hanefeld M, Xu L, et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Diabetologia, 2006, 49(11): 2564-2571. |
| 38. | Herman GA, Bergman A, Stevens C, et al. Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2006, 91(11): 4612-4619. |
| 39. | Mohan V, Yang W, Son HY, et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes in China, India, and Korea[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2009, 83(1): 106-116. |
| 40. | Arechavaleta R, Seck T, Chen Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2011, 13(2): 160-168. |
| 41. | Abbatecola AM, Maggi S, Paolisso G. New approaches to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly: role of incretin therapies[J]. Drugs Aging, 2008, 25(11): 913-925. |
- 1. Yang W, Lu J, Weng J, et al. China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(12): 1090-1101.
- 2. Mbanya JC. From yesterday to tomorrow: making a difference to global diabetes[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2010, 87(1): 132-135.
- 3. International Expert Committee. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(7): 1327-1334.
- 4. Alssema M, Vistisen D, Heymans MW, et al. The Evaluation of Screening and Early Detection Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (DETECT-2) update of the Finnish diabetes risk score for prediction of incident type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(5): 1004-1012.
- 5. Colagiuri S, Lee CM, Wong TY, et al. Glycemic thresholds for diabetes-specific retinopathy: implications for diagnostic criteria for diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2011, 34(1): 145-150.
- 6. World Health Organization. HbA1c in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review[EB/OL]. [2011-06-06]. http://www.who.int/entity/diabetes/publications/sys_rev_hba1c_web.pdf.
- 7. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2010[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(Suppl 1): 11-61.
- 8. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(Suppl 1): 62-69.
- 9. Seino Y, Nanjo K, Tajima N, et al. The Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society on the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus[J]. J Diabetes Invest, 2010, 1(5): 212-228.
- 10. Geiss LS, James C, Gregg EW, et al. Diabetes risk reduction behaviors among U.S. adults with prediabetes[J]. Am J Prev Med, 2010, 38(4): 403-409.
- 11. Karve A, Hayward RA. Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in nondiabetic U.S. adults[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(11): 2355-2359.
- 12. Tuomilehto J, Schwarz PE. Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes is advancing towards the mature stage in Europe[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2010, 42(Suppl 1): 1-2.
- 13. Paulweber B, Valensi P, Lindstrm J. A European evidence-based guideline for the prevention of type 2 diabetes[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2010, 42(Suppl 1): 3-36.
- 14. Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2007, 356(24): 2457-2471.
- 15. Woodcock J, Sharfstein JM, Hamburg M. Regulatory action on rosiglitazone by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(16): 1489-1491.
- 16. Blind E, Dunder K, de Graeff PA, et al. Rosiglitazone: a European regulatory perspective[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(2): 213-218.
- 17. 国家食品药监局. 国家食品药品监督管理局、卫生部要求加强罗格列酮及其复方制剂的使用管理[EB/OL]. (2010-10-16). [2011-06-06]. http://www.cdr.gov.cn/zxaqxx/gn/10/21156.shtml.
- 18. Bilik D, McEwen LN, Brown MB, et al. Thiazolidinediones and fractures: evidence from translating research into action for diabetes[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010, 95(10): 4560-4565.
- 19. Coppell KJ, Kataoka M, Williams SM, et al. Nutritional intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes who are hyperglycaemic despite optimised drug treatment--Lifestyle Over and Above Drugs in Diabetes (LOADD) study: randomised controlled trial[J]. BMJ, 2010, 341: c3337.
- 20. Look AHEAD Research Group, Wing RR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2010, 170(17): 1566-1575.
- 21. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, et al. Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP). The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1) [J]. Diabetologia, 2006, 49(2): 289-297.
- 22. NAVIGATOR Study Group, McMurray JJ, Holman RR, et al. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(16): 1477-1490.
- 23. Nathan DM. Navigating the choices for diabetes prevention[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(16): 1533-1535.
- 24. Riddle MC, Ambrosius WT, Brillon DJ, et al. Epidemiologic relationships between A1C and all-cause mortality during a median 3.4-year follow-up of glycemic treatment in the ACCORD trial[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(5): 983-990.
- 25. Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA, et al. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2010, 376(9739): 419-430.
- 26. Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(15): 1410-1418.
- 27. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(13): 1283-1297.
- 28. Ntaios G, Egli M, Faouzi M, et al. J-shaped association between serum glucose and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke[J]. Stroke, 2010, 41(10): 2366-2370.
- 29. Kosiborod M, Inzucchi SE, Krumholz HM, et al. Glucometrics in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: defining the optimal outcomes-based measure of risk[J]. Circulation, 2008, 117(8): 1018-1027.
- 30. Messerli FH, Mancia G, Conti CR, et al. Dogma disputed: can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous? [J]. Ann Intern Med, 2006, 144(12): 884-893.
- 31. ACCORD Study Group, Cushman WC, Evans GW, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(17): 1575-1585.
- 32. Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, et al. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document[J]. J Hypertens, 2009, 27(11): 2121-2158.
- 33. Antithrombotic Trialists’ (ATT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials[J]. Lancet, 2009, 373(9678): 1849-1860.
- 34. Pignone M, Alberts MJ, Colwell JA, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, a scientific statement of the American Heart Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(6): 1395-1402.
- 35. Waugh N, Cummins E, Royle P, et al. Newer agents for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation[J]. Health Technol Assess, 2010, 14(36): 1-248.
- 36. Gao Y, Yoon KH, Chuang LM, et al. Efficacy and safety of exenatide in patients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or metformin and a sulphonylurea[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2009, 83(1): 69-76.
- 37. Raz I, Hanefeld M, Xu L, et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Diabetologia, 2006, 49(11): 2564-2571.
- 38. Herman GA, Bergman A, Stevens C, et al. Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2006, 91(11): 4612-4619.
- 39. Mohan V, Yang W, Son HY, et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes in China, India, and Korea[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2009, 83(1): 106-116.
- 40. Arechavaleta R, Seck T, Chen Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2011, 13(2): 160-168.
- 41. Abbatecola AM, Maggi S, Paolisso G. New approaches to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly: role of incretin therapies[J]. Drugs Aging, 2008, 25(11): 913-925.