目的:评价低分子肝素(Low molecular weight heparins,LMWH)皮下注射持续时间对注射后皮下出血和疼痛的影响。方法:纳入2003年~2004年3月于我院行LMWH皮下注射的住院患者52例,以肚脐两侧作为注射点,任选一侧行首次注射,12 h后于另一侧以相同剂量注射。脐右注射持续10秒(对照组),脐左持续30秒(实验组)。于注射后48 h、72 h观察注射点有无皮下出血,并用透明纸质毫米尺测量出血面积,用视觉类比量表(Visual analog scale,VAS)测量疼痛强度,记录疼痛持续时间。采用卡方检验及配对t检验对两组皮下出血发生率及面积、疼痛强度及持续时间等指标进行对比分析。结果:实验组和对照组皮下出血的发生率分别为38.5%(n=20)和61.5%(n=32)(P=0.035)。注射后48h、72h,实验组的出血面积均显著低于对照组(48h:17.5±7.3 mm2 VS 101.2±15.0 mm2,P=0.008;72h:20.7±8.0 mm2 VS 110.4±13.5 mm2,P=0.016)。实验组的注射后疼痛积分为13.0±6.4 mm,对照组为21.5±7.0 mm(P=0.021)。实验组疼痛持续时间显著低于对照组(42.5±14.2 s比73.2±20.0 s,P=0.030)。结论:肝素皮下注射持续时间能显著影响注射后皮下出血和疼痛形成,注射时间持续至30秒能有效降低皮下出血发生率及面积,并显著减轻疼痛强度、缩短疼痛时间。
Citation:
DENG Qianxi,LI Rongqiong,LI Xia. The Effect of the Duration of Subcutaneous Heparin Injection on Bruising and Pain. West China Medical Journal, 2009, 24(2): 300-302. doi:
Copy
Copyright © the editorial department of West China Medical Journal of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
1. |
Chan H.Effects of injection duration on site pain intensity and bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin[J].J Adv Nurs,2001,35:882-892..
|
2. |
Coley RM,Butler CD,Beck BI,Mullane J.Effect of needle size on pain and haematoma formation with subcutaneous injection of heparin sodium[J].Clin Pharmacol,1987,6:725-727..
|
3. |
Hadley S,Chang M,Rogers K.Effect of syringe size on bruising following subcutaneous heparin injection[J].Am Jo Crit Care,1996,5:271-276..
|
4. |
Jorgensen JT,Romsing J,Rasmussen M.Pain assessment of subcutaneous injections[J].Annals Pharmacother,1996,30:729-732..
|
5. |
McConnell EA.Do’s & don’ts:administering subcutaneous heparin[J].Nursing,2000,30:17-18..
|
6. |
Potter PA,Perry AN.Fundamentals of Nursing,Conceps,Process and Practice,2005[M],6th edn.The C.V.Mosby Company,St Louis..
|
7. |
McGowan S,Wood A.Administering heparin subcutaneously:an evaluation of techniques used and bruising at the injection site[J].Australian J Adv Nurs,1990,7:30-39..
|
8. |
VanBree N,Hollerbach AD,Brooks GP.Clinical evaluation of three techniques for administering lowdose heparin[J].Nursing Res,1984,33:15-19..
|
9. |
Klingman L.Effects of changing needles prior to administering heparin subcutaneously[J].Heart Lung,2000,29:70-75.
|
10. |
Ross S,Soltes D.Heparin and haematoma:does ice make a difference[J].J Adva Nurs,1995,21:434-439.
|
- 1. Chan H.Effects of injection duration on site pain intensity and bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin[J].J Adv Nurs,2001,35:882-892..
- 2. Coley RM,Butler CD,Beck BI,Mullane J.Effect of needle size on pain and haematoma formation with subcutaneous injection of heparin sodium[J].Clin Pharmacol,1987,6:725-727..
- 3. Hadley S,Chang M,Rogers K.Effect of syringe size on bruising following subcutaneous heparin injection[J].Am Jo Crit Care,1996,5:271-276..
- 4. Jorgensen JT,Romsing J,Rasmussen M.Pain assessment of subcutaneous injections[J].Annals Pharmacother,1996,30:729-732..
- 5. McConnell EA.Do’s & don’ts:administering subcutaneous heparin[J].Nursing,2000,30:17-18..
- 6. Potter PA,Perry AN.Fundamentals of Nursing,Conceps,Process and Practice,2005[M],6th edn.The C.V.Mosby Company,St Louis..
- 7. McGowan S,Wood A.Administering heparin subcutaneously:an evaluation of techniques used and bruising at the injection site[J].Australian J Adv Nurs,1990,7:30-39..
- 8. VanBree N,Hollerbach AD,Brooks GP.Clinical evaluation of three techniques for administering lowdose heparin[J].Nursing Res,1984,33:15-19..
- 9. Klingman L.Effects of changing needles prior to administering heparin subcutaneously[J].Heart Lung,2000,29:70-75.
- 10. Ross S,Soltes D.Heparin and haematoma:does ice make a difference[J].J Adva Nurs,1995,21:434-439.