Current Status of Treatment and Progress of Radiotherapy for Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 许峰 , 周继陶

Corresponding author：

许峰, Email: fengxuster@mail.com

Keywords：

直肠癌; 局部复发; 放射治疗

Video：

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Citation： 许峰,周继陶. Current Status of Treatment and Progress of Radiotherapy for Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2013, 20(11): 1217-1221. doi: Copy

1.	Siegel R， Naishadham D， Jemal A. Cancer statistics， 2012[J]. CA Cancer J Clin， 2012， 62(1)：10-29. doi：10. 3322/caac. 20138.
2.	陈万青，郑荣寿，张思维，等. 2003～2007年中国癌症发病分析[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2012， 21(3)：161-170.
3.	吴菲，林国桢，张晋昕. 我国恶性肿瘤发病现状及趋势[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2012， 21(2)：81-85.
4.	赖少清，鞠凤环，王贵齐，等. 2004-2008年大肠癌临床流行特征[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2010， 19(2)：111-113.
5.	姜世雄，王锡山，耿长辉，等. 3 607例结直肠癌病例的临床特征变化分析[J]. 癌症， 2009， 28(1)：69-72.
6.	Douglass HO Jr， Moertel CG， Mayer RJ， et al. Survival after postoperative combination treatment of rectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 1986， 315(20)：1294-1295.
7.	Palmer G， Martling A， Cedermark B， et al. A population-based study on the management and outcome in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2007， 14(2)：447-454.
8.	Kapiteijn E， Marijnen CA， Nagtegaal ID， et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectablerectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 2001， 345(9)：638-646.
9.	Sauer R， Becker H， Hohenberger W， et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 2004， 351(17)：1731-1740.
10.	van den Brink M， Stiggelbout AM， van den Hout WB， et al. Clinical nature and prognosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer after total mesorectal excision with or without preoperative radiotherapy[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2004， 22(19)：3958-3964.
11.	Boyle KM， Sagar PM， Chalmers AG， et al. Surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Reetum， 2005， 48(5)：929-937.
12.	Huguier M， Houry S， Barrier A. Local recurrence of cancer of the rectum[J]. Am Surg， 2001， 182(5)：437-439.
13.	Bentzen SM， Balslev I， Pedersen M， et al. Time to loco-regional recurrence after resection of Dukes’ B and C colorectal cancerwith or without adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy. A multivar-iate regression analysis[J]. Br J Cancer， 1992， 65(1)：102-107.
14.	McCall JL， Cox MR， Wattchow DA. Analysis of local recurrencerates after surgery alone for rectal cancer[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis， 1995， 10(3)：126-132.
15.	den Dulk M， Marijnen CA， Putter H， et al. Risk factors for adverseoutcome in patients with rectal cancer treated with an abdominoperineal resection in the total mesorectal excision trial[J]. Ann Surg， 2007， 246(1)：83-90.
16.	Hahnloser D， Nelson H， Gunderson LL， et al. Curative potential of multimodality therapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg， 2003， 237(4)：502-508.
17.	Mohiuddin M， Marks G， Marks J. Long-term results of reirradiation for patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma[J]. Cancer， 2002， 95(5)：1144-1150.
18.	Kim YW， Kim NK， Min BS， et al. Factors associated with anastomotic recurrence after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients[J]. J Surg Oncol， 2009， 99(1)：58-64.
19.	Hashiguchi Y， Sekine T， Sakamoto H， et al. Intraoperative irra-diation after surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 1999， 42(7)：886-893.
20.	Markus J， Morrissey B， deGara C， et al. MRI of recurrent recto-sigmoid carcinoma[J]. Abdom Imaging， 1997， 22(3)：338-342.
21.	Giovannini M， Bernardini D， Seitz JF， et al. Value of endoscopicultrasonography for assessment of patients presenting elevatedtumor marker levels after surgery for colorectal cancers[J]. Endo-scopy， 1998， 30(5)：469-476.
22.	Nielsen MB， Laurberg S， Holm T. Current management of locallyrecurrent rectal cancer[J]. Colorectal Dis， 2011， 13(7)：732-742.
23.	Asoglu O， Karanlik H， Muslumanoglu M， et al. Prognostic and predictive factors after surgical treatment for locally recurrent rectalcancer：a single institute experience[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2007，.
24.	Zhao J， Du CZ， Sun YS， et al. Patterns and prognosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer following multidisciplinary treatment[J]. World J Gastroenterol， 2012， 18(47)：7015-7020. doi：10.3748/wjg. v18. i47. 7015.
25.	Dresen RC， Gosens MJ， Martijn H， et al. Radical resection after IORT-containing multimodality treatment is the most important determinant for outcome in patients treated for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(7)：1937-1947.
26.	Vermaas M， Ferenschild FT， Nuyttens JJ， et al. Preoperative radiotherapy improves outcome in recurrent rectal cancer[J]. DisColon Rectum， 2005， 48(5)：918-928.
27.	Hansen MH， Balteskard L， Dørum LM， et al. Locally recurrent rectal cancer in Norway[J]. Br J Surg， 2009， 96(10)：1176-1182.
28.	Kusters M， Dresen RC， Martijn H， et al. Radicality of resection and survival after multimodality treatment is influenced by subsite of locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2009， 75(5)：1444-1449.
29.	Bosset JF， Calais G， Mineur L， et al. Enhanced tumorocidal effect of chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer：preliminary results-EORTC 22921[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2005， 23(24)：5620-5627.
30.	Tulchinsky H， Shmueli E， Figer A， et al. An interval ＞7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locallyadvanced rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(10)：2661-2667.
31.	Valentini V， Morganti AG， Gambacorta MA， et al. Preoperative hyperfractionated chemoradiation for locally recurrent rectal cancerin patients previously irradiated to the pelvis：A multicentric phaseⅡstudy[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2006， 64(4)：1129-1139.
32.	Moriya Y. Treatment strategy for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol， 2006， 36(3)：127-131.
33.	(10)：1199-1206.
34.	Folkesson J， Birgisson H， Pahlman L， et al. Swedish rectal cancertrial：long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2005， 23(24)：5644-5650.
35.	Mohiuddin M， Marks GM， Lingareddy V， et al. Curative surgicalresection following reirradiation for recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 1997， 39(3)：643-649.
36.	Haddock MG， Gunderson LL， Nelson H， et al. Intraoperative irradiation for locally recurrent colorectal cancer in previouslyirradiated patients[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2001， 49(5)：.
37.	Glimelius B. Recurrent rectal cancer. The pre-irradiated primary tumour：can more radiotherapy be given?[J]. Colorectal Dis， 2003， 5(5)：501-503.
38.	Gunderson LL， Nelson H， Martenson JA， et al. Intraoperative electron and external beam irradiation with or without 5-fluorouraciland maximum surgical resection for previously unirradiated，locally recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 1996，.
39.	Alektiar KM， Zelefsky MJ， Paty PB， et al. High-dose-rate intraoperative brachytherapy for recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2000， 48(1)：219-226.
40.	(12)：1379-1395.
41.	Nuyttens JJ， Kolkman-Deurloo IK， Vermaas M， et al. High-dose-rate intraoperative radiotherapy for close or positive margins in patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2004， 58(1)：106-112.
42.	Mannaerts GH， Rutten HJ， Martijn H， et al. Comparison of intra-operative radiation therapy-containing multimodality treatment with historical treatment modalities for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2001， 44(12)：1749-1758.
43.	Shoup M， Guillem JG， Alektiar KM， et al. Predictors of survivalin recurrent rectal cancer after resection and intraoperative radiotherapy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2002， 45(5)：585-592.
44.	Treiber M， Lehnert T， Oertel S， et al. Intraoperative radiotherapy-special focus：recurrent rectal carcinoma[J]. Front Radiat Ther Oncol， 2004， 38：52-56.
45.	Wiig JN， Tveit KM， Poulsen JP， et al. Preoperative irradiation and surgery for recurrent rectal cancer. Will intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) be of additional benefit? A prospective study[J]. Radiother Oncol， 2002， 62(2)：207-213.
46.	Mannaerts GH， Martijn H， Crommelin MA， et al. Intraoperativeelectron beam radiation therapy for locally recurrent rectal carcinoma[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 1999， 45(2)：297-308.
47.	Lindel K， Willett CG， Shellito PC， et al. Intraoperative radiationtherapy for locally advanced recurrent rectal or rectosigmoid cancer[J]. Radiother Oncol， 2001， 58(1)：83-87．.
48.	Ellis RJ， Nag S， Kinsella TJ. Alternative techniques of intraoperative radiotherapy[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2000， 26 Suppl A：S25-S27.
49.	Harrison LB， Enker WE， Anderson LL. High-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy for colorectal cancer[J]. Oncology (Williston Park)， 1995， 9(8)：737-741.
50.	汪丽燕，李滨，庄丽维，等. 三维适形放疗联合化疗治疗术后复发性直肠癌的临床观察[J]. 中华肿瘤防治杂志， 2010， 17(18)：1473-1475.
51.	杨燕光，蔡晶，何晓军，等. 三维适形放疗联合同步化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发[J]. 肿瘤学杂志， 2012， 18(5)：349-352.
52.	张培良，张佃富. 简化调强放疗同步卡培他滨治疗直肠癌术后复发临床观察[J]. 中华肿瘤防治杂志， 2012， 19(14)：1103-1105.
53.	Kim MS， Choi C， Yoo S， et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with pelvic recurrence from rectal carcinoma[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol， 2008， 38(10)：695-700.
54.	Jingu K， Ariga H， Kaneta T， et al. Focal dose escalation using FDG-PET-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy boost for postoperative local recurrent rectal cancer：a planning study with comparison of DVH and NTCP[J]. BMC Cancer， 2010， 10：127. doi：10.1186/1471-2407-10-127.
55.	-1274.

1. Siegel R， Naishadham D， Jemal A. Cancer statistics， 2012[J]. CA Cancer J Clin， 2012， 62(1)：10-29. doi：10. 3322/caac. 20138.
2. 陈万青，郑荣寿，张思维，等. 2003～2007年中国癌症发病分析[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2012， 21(3)：161-170.
3. 吴菲，林国桢，张晋昕. 我国恶性肿瘤发病现状及趋势[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2012， 21(2)：81-85.
4. 赖少清，鞠凤环，王贵齐，等. 2004-2008年大肠癌临床流行特征[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2010， 19(2)：111-113.
5. 姜世雄，王锡山，耿长辉，等. 3 607例结直肠癌病例的临床特征变化分析[J]. 癌症， 2009， 28(1)：69-72.
6. Douglass HO Jr， Moertel CG， Mayer RJ， et al. Survival after postoperative combination treatment of rectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 1986， 315(20)：1294-1295.
7. Palmer G， Martling A， Cedermark B， et al. A population-based study on the management and outcome in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2007， 14(2)：447-454.
8. Kapiteijn E， Marijnen CA， Nagtegaal ID， et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectablerectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 2001， 345(9)：638-646.
9. Sauer R， Becker H， Hohenberger W， et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 2004， 351(17)：1731-1740.
10. van den Brink M， Stiggelbout AM， van den Hout WB， et al. Clinical nature and prognosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer after total mesorectal excision with or without preoperative radiotherapy[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2004， 22(19)：3958-3964.
11. Boyle KM， Sagar PM， Chalmers AG， et al. Surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Reetum， 2005， 48(5)：929-937.
12. Huguier M， Houry S， Barrier A. Local recurrence of cancer of the rectum[J]. Am Surg， 2001， 182(5)：437-439.
13. Bentzen SM， Balslev I， Pedersen M， et al. Time to loco-regional recurrence after resection of Dukes’ B and C colorectal cancerwith or without adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy. A multivar-iate regression analysis[J]. Br J Cancer， 1992， 65(1)：102-107.
14. McCall JL， Cox MR， Wattchow DA. Analysis of local recurrencerates after surgery alone for rectal cancer[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis， 1995， 10(3)：126-132.
15. den Dulk M， Marijnen CA， Putter H， et al. Risk factors for adverseoutcome in patients with rectal cancer treated with an abdominoperineal resection in the total mesorectal excision trial[J]. Ann Surg， 2007， 246(1)：83-90.
16. Hahnloser D， Nelson H， Gunderson LL， et al. Curative potential of multimodality therapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg， 2003， 237(4)：502-508.
17. Mohiuddin M， Marks G， Marks J. Long-term results of reirradiation for patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma[J]. Cancer， 2002， 95(5)：1144-1150.
18. Kim YW， Kim NK， Min BS， et al. Factors associated with anastomotic recurrence after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients[J]. J Surg Oncol， 2009， 99(1)：58-64.
19. Hashiguchi Y， Sekine T， Sakamoto H， et al. Intraoperative irra-diation after surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 1999， 42(7)：886-893.
20. Markus J， Morrissey B， deGara C， et al. MRI of recurrent recto-sigmoid carcinoma[J]. Abdom Imaging， 1997， 22(3)：338-342.
21. Giovannini M， Bernardini D， Seitz JF， et al. Value of endoscopicultrasonography for assessment of patients presenting elevatedtumor marker levels after surgery for colorectal cancers[J]. Endo-scopy， 1998， 30(5)：469-476.
22. Nielsen MB， Laurberg S， Holm T. Current management of locallyrecurrent rectal cancer[J]. Colorectal Dis， 2011， 13(7)：732-742.
23. Asoglu O， Karanlik H， Muslumanoglu M， et al. Prognostic and predictive factors after surgical treatment for locally recurrent rectalcancer：a single institute experience[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2007，.
24. Zhao J， Du CZ， Sun YS， et al. Patterns and prognosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer following multidisciplinary treatment[J]. World J Gastroenterol， 2012， 18(47)：7015-7020. doi：10.3748/wjg. v18. i47. 7015.
25. Dresen RC， Gosens MJ， Martijn H， et al. Radical resection after IORT-containing multimodality treatment is the most important determinant for outcome in patients treated for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(7)：1937-1947.
26. Vermaas M， Ferenschild FT， Nuyttens JJ， et al. Preoperative radiotherapy improves outcome in recurrent rectal cancer[J]. DisColon Rectum， 2005， 48(5)：918-928.
27. Hansen MH， Balteskard L， Dørum LM， et al. Locally recurrent rectal cancer in Norway[J]. Br J Surg， 2009， 96(10)：1176-1182.
28. Kusters M， Dresen RC， Martijn H， et al. Radicality of resection and survival after multimodality treatment is influenced by subsite of locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2009， 75(5)：1444-1449.
29. Bosset JF， Calais G， Mineur L， et al. Enhanced tumorocidal effect of chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer：preliminary results-EORTC 22921[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2005， 23(24)：5620-5627.
30. Tulchinsky H， Shmueli E， Figer A， et al. An interval ＞7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locallyadvanced rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(10)：2661-2667.
31. Valentini V， Morganti AG， Gambacorta MA， et al. Preoperative hyperfractionated chemoradiation for locally recurrent rectal cancerin patients previously irradiated to the pelvis：A multicentric phaseⅡstudy[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2006， 64(4)：1129-1139.
32. Moriya Y. Treatment strategy for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol， 2006， 36(3)：127-131.
33. (10)：1199-1206.
34. Folkesson J， Birgisson H， Pahlman L， et al. Swedish rectal cancertrial：long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate[J]. J Clin Oncol， 2005， 23(24)：5644-5650.
35. Mohiuddin M， Marks GM， Lingareddy V， et al. Curative surgicalresection following reirradiation for recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 1997， 39(3)：643-649.
36. Haddock MG， Gunderson LL， Nelson H， et al. Intraoperative irradiation for locally recurrent colorectal cancer in previouslyirradiated patients[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2001， 49(5)：.
37. Glimelius B. Recurrent rectal cancer. The pre-irradiated primary tumour：can more radiotherapy be given?[J]. Colorectal Dis， 2003， 5(5)：501-503.
38. Gunderson LL， Nelson H， Martenson JA， et al. Intraoperative electron and external beam irradiation with or without 5-fluorouraciland maximum surgical resection for previously unirradiated，locally recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 1996，.
39. Alektiar KM， Zelefsky MJ， Paty PB， et al. High-dose-rate intraoperative brachytherapy for recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2000， 48(1)：219-226.
40. (12)：1379-1395.
41. Nuyttens JJ， Kolkman-Deurloo IK， Vermaas M， et al. High-dose-rate intraoperative radiotherapy for close or positive margins in patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2004， 58(1)：106-112.
42. Mannaerts GH， Rutten HJ， Martijn H， et al. Comparison of intra-operative radiation therapy-containing multimodality treatment with historical treatment modalities for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2001， 44(12)：1749-1758.
43. Shoup M， Guillem JG， Alektiar KM， et al. Predictors of survivalin recurrent rectal cancer after resection and intraoperative radiotherapy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2002， 45(5)：585-592.
44. Treiber M， Lehnert T， Oertel S， et al. Intraoperative radiotherapy-special focus：recurrent rectal carcinoma[J]. Front Radiat Ther Oncol， 2004， 38：52-56.
45. Wiig JN， Tveit KM， Poulsen JP， et al. Preoperative irradiation and surgery for recurrent rectal cancer. Will intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) be of additional benefit? A prospective study[J]. Radiother Oncol， 2002， 62(2)：207-213.
46. Mannaerts GH， Martijn H， Crommelin MA， et al. Intraoperativeelectron beam radiation therapy for locally recurrent rectal carcinoma[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 1999， 45(2)：297-308.
47. Lindel K， Willett CG， Shellito PC， et al. Intraoperative radiationtherapy for locally advanced recurrent rectal or rectosigmoid cancer[J]. Radiother Oncol， 2001， 58(1)：83-87．.
48. Ellis RJ， Nag S， Kinsella TJ. Alternative techniques of intraoperative radiotherapy[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2000， 26 Suppl A：S25-S27.
49. Harrison LB， Enker WE， Anderson LL. High-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy for colorectal cancer[J]. Oncology (Williston Park)， 1995， 9(8)：737-741.
50. 汪丽燕，李滨，庄丽维，等. 三维适形放疗联合化疗治疗术后复发性直肠癌的临床观察[J]. 中华肿瘤防治杂志， 2010， 17(18)：1473-1475.
51. 杨燕光，蔡晶，何晓军，等. 三维适形放疗联合同步化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发[J]. 肿瘤学杂志， 2012， 18(5)：349-352.
52. 张培良，张佃富. 简化调强放疗同步卡培他滨治疗直肠癌术后复发临床观察[J]. 中华肿瘤防治杂志， 2012， 19(14)：1103-1105.
53. Kim MS， Choi C， Yoo S， et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with pelvic recurrence from rectal carcinoma[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol， 2008， 38(10)：695-700.
54. Jingu K， Ariga H， Kaneta T， et al. Focal dose escalation using FDG-PET-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy boost for postoperative local recurrent rectal cancer：a planning study with comparison of DVH and NTCP[J]. BMC Cancer， 2010， 10：127. doi：10.1186/1471-2407-10-127.
55. -1274.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Current Status of Treatment and Progress of Radiotherapy for Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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