Citation: 陈鑫,吴诚义. Diagnosis and Management of Rare Pancreatic Neuroendocine Tumors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2012, 19(10): 1039-1043. doi: Copy
1. | Mathur A, Gorden P, Libutti SK. Insulinoma[J]. Surg Clin North Am, 2009: 89(5):1105-1121. |
2. | Grant CS. Insulinoma[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2005, 19(5):783-798. |
3. | O’Grady HL, Conlon KC. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2008, 34(2): 324-332. |
4. | Jensen RT, Niederle B, Mitry E, et al. Gastrinoma (duodenal and pancreatic)[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2006, 84(3): 173-182. |
5. | Gibril F,Jensen RT. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome revisited:diagnosis, biologic markers, associated inherited disorders, and acid hypersecretion[J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2004, 6(6): 454-463. |
6. | Berna MJ, Hoffmann KM, Serrano J, et al. Serum gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:prospective study of fasting serum gastrin in 293 patients from the Nation Institutes of Health and comparison with 537 cases from the literature.evalution of diagnostic criteria, proposal of new criteria, and correlations with clinical and tumoral features[J]. Medicine(Baltimore),2006, 85(6):295-330. |
7. | Halfdanarson TR, Rubin J, Farnell MB, et al. Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: epidemiology and prognosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2008, 15(2): 409-427. |
8. | Xiang G, Liu X, Tan C, et al. Diagnosis and treatment ofVIPoma:a case report and literature review in China[J]. Pancreas, 2012, 41(5):806-807. |
9. | Song S, Shi R, Li B, et al. Diagnosis nd treatment of pancreatic vasoactive intestinal peptide endocrine tumors[J]. Pancreas, 2009, 38(7):811-814. |
10. | Eldor R, Glaser B, Fraenkel M, et al. Glucagonoma and the glucagonama syndrome-cumulative experience with an elusive endocrine tumor[J]. Clin Endocrinol, 2011, 74(5:) 593-598. |
11. | Williamson JM, Thorn CC, Spalding D, et al. Pancreatic and peripancreatic somatostatinomas[J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2011, 93(5):356-360. |
12. | Wang SE, Su CH, Kuo YJ, et al. Comparison of functional and nonfunctional neurorndocrine tumors in the pancreas and peripancreatic region[J]. Pancreas, 2011, 40(2): 253-259. |
13. | Franko J, Feng W, Yip L, et al. Non-functional neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas: incidence, tumor biology, and outcomes in 2 158 patients[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2010, 14(3): 541-548. |
14. | Nikou GC, Marinou K, Thomakos P, et al. Chromogranin a levelsLevels in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 42 patients with non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumours[J]. Pancreatology, 2008, 8(4-5):510-519. |
15. | De Herder WW. Biochemistry of neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Best Practice Res Clini Endoc Meta, 2007, 21(1): 33-41. |
16. | Anderson MA, Carpenter S, Thompson NW, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound is highly accurate and directs management in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2000, 95(9): 2271-2277. |
17. | Mason T, Berber E, Graybill JC, et al. Histological, CT, and intraoperative ultrasound appearance of hepatic tumors previously treated by laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2007, 11(10): 1333-1338. |
18. | Norton JA. Intra-operative procedures to localize endocrine tumoursof the pancreas and duodenum[J]. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1999, 31(Suppl 2):S195-S197. |
19. | Falconi M, Bettini R, Boninsegna L, et al. Surgical strategy in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. JOP, 2006, 7(1): 150-156. |
20. | Oberg K. Diagnostic pathways. //Caplin M, Kvols L, eds. Handbook of Neuroendocrine Tumors[M]. 1st ed. Bristol, UK: Bio-Scientifica, 2006:101-121. |
21. | Mintorovitch J, Shamsi K. Eovist injection and resovist injection: two new liver-specific contrast agents for MRI[J]. Oncology (Williston Park), 2000, 14(6 Suppl 3): 37-40. |
22. | Hyslop WB, Balci NC, Semelka RC. Future horizons in MR imaging[J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2005, 13(2): 211-224. |
23. | Funovics MA, Kapeller B, Hoeller C, et al. MR imaging of the her2/neu and 9. 2. 27 tumor antigens using immunospecific contrast agents[J]. Magn Reson Imaging, 2004, 22(6): 843-850. |
24. | Thorek DL, Chen AK, Czupryna J, et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle probes for molecular imaging[J]. Ann Biomed Eng, 2006, 34(1): 23-38. |
25. | Gibril F, Jensen RT. Diagnostic uses of radiolabelled somatostatin receptor analogues in gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2004, 36(Suppl 1): S106-S120. |
26. | Gibril F, Reynolds JC, Doppman JL, et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of other imaging methods in detecting primary and metastatic gastrinomas. A prospective study[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1996, 125(1): 26-34. |
27. | Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2008, 9(1): 61-72. |
28. | Montravers F, Grahek D, Kerrou K, et al. Can fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET replace somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with digestive endocrine tumors??[J]. J Nucl Med, 2006, 47(9): 1455-1462. |
29. | Orlefors H, Sundin A, Garske U, et al. Whole-body 11C-5-hydr-oxytryptophan positron emission tomography as a universal imaging technique for neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and computed tomography[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2005, 90(6): 3392-3400. |
30. | Modlin IM, Kidd M, Latich I, et al. Current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids[J]. Gastroenterology, 2005, 128(6):1717-1751. |
31. | Hodul PJ, Strosberg JR, Kvols LK. Aggressive surgical resection in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:when isit indicated??[J]. Cancer Control, 2008, 15(4): 314-321. |
32. | Hodul P, Malafa M, Choi J, et al. The role of cytoreductive hepatic surgery as an adjunct to the management of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas[J]. Cancer Control, 2006, 13(1):61-71. |
33. | Jensen EH, Kvols L, McLoughlin JM, et al. Biomarkers predict outcomes following cytoreductive surgery for hepatic metastases from functional carcinoid tumors[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(2):780-785. |
34. | McEntee GP, Nagorney DM, Kvols LK, et al. Cytoreductive hepatic surgery for neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Surgery, 1990, 108(6):1091-1096. |
35. | Osborne DA, Zervos EE, Strosberg J, et al. Improved outcome with cytoreduction versus embolization for symptomatic hepatic metastases of carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2006, 13(8):572-581. |
36. | Lott ST, Chandler DS, Curley SA, et al. High frequency loss of heterozygosity in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-associated and sporadic pancreatic islet cell tumors: evidence for a stepwise mechanism for malignant conversion in VHL tumorigenesis[J]. Cancer Res, 2002, 62(7):1952-1955. |
37. | Fendrich V, Waldmann J, Bartsch DK, et al. Surgical management of pancreatic endocrine tumors[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2009, 6(7):419-428. |
38. | Sabiston DC. The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice[M]. 15th ed. Science Press. Bei Jin, 1999:1180. |
39. | Jensen RT, Niederle B, Mitry E, et al. Gastrinoma (duodenal and pancreatic)[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2006, 84(3):173-182. |
40. | Pavel ME, Wiedenman B. Novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2011, 43(12): 844-853. |
41. | Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Barak D, Fraenkel M, et al. Peptide receptor radioligand therapy is an effective treatment for the long-term stabilization of malignant gastrinomas[J]. Cnacer, 2011, 117(7):1377-1385. |
42. | Modlin IM, Moss SF, Oberg K, et al. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours:current diagnosis and management[J]. Med J Aust, 2010, 193(1):46-52. |
43. | Kaltsas GA, Besser GM, Grossman AB. The diagnosis and medical management of advanced neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Endoer Rev, 2004, 25(3): 458-511. |
44. | Neuroendocrine Tumor. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. V. 2. 2010. |
- 1. Mathur A, Gorden P, Libutti SK. Insulinoma[J]. Surg Clin North Am, 2009: 89(5):1105-1121.
- 2. Grant CS. Insulinoma[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2005, 19(5):783-798.
- 3. O’Grady HL, Conlon KC. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2008, 34(2): 324-332.
- 4. Jensen RT, Niederle B, Mitry E, et al. Gastrinoma (duodenal and pancreatic)[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2006, 84(3): 173-182.
- 5. Gibril F,Jensen RT. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome revisited:diagnosis, biologic markers, associated inherited disorders, and acid hypersecretion[J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2004, 6(6): 454-463.
- 6. Berna MJ, Hoffmann KM, Serrano J, et al. Serum gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:prospective study of fasting serum gastrin in 293 patients from the Nation Institutes of Health and comparison with 537 cases from the literature.evalution of diagnostic criteria, proposal of new criteria, and correlations with clinical and tumoral features[J]. Medicine(Baltimore),2006, 85(6):295-330.
- 7. Halfdanarson TR, Rubin J, Farnell MB, et al. Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: epidemiology and prognosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2008, 15(2): 409-427.
- 8. Xiang G, Liu X, Tan C, et al. Diagnosis and treatment ofVIPoma:a case report and literature review in China[J]. Pancreas, 2012, 41(5):806-807.
- 9. Song S, Shi R, Li B, et al. Diagnosis nd treatment of pancreatic vasoactive intestinal peptide endocrine tumors[J]. Pancreas, 2009, 38(7):811-814.
- 10. Eldor R, Glaser B, Fraenkel M, et al. Glucagonoma and the glucagonama syndrome-cumulative experience with an elusive endocrine tumor[J]. Clin Endocrinol, 2011, 74(5:) 593-598.
- 11. Williamson JM, Thorn CC, Spalding D, et al. Pancreatic and peripancreatic somatostatinomas[J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2011, 93(5):356-360.
- 12. Wang SE, Su CH, Kuo YJ, et al. Comparison of functional and nonfunctional neurorndocrine tumors in the pancreas and peripancreatic region[J]. Pancreas, 2011, 40(2): 253-259.
- 13. Franko J, Feng W, Yip L, et al. Non-functional neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas: incidence, tumor biology, and outcomes in 2 158 patients[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2010, 14(3): 541-548.
- 14. Nikou GC, Marinou K, Thomakos P, et al. Chromogranin a levelsLevels in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 42 patients with non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumours[J]. Pancreatology, 2008, 8(4-5):510-519.
- 15. De Herder WW. Biochemistry of neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Best Practice Res Clini Endoc Meta, 2007, 21(1): 33-41.
- 16. Anderson MA, Carpenter S, Thompson NW, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound is highly accurate and directs management in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2000, 95(9): 2271-2277.
- 17. Mason T, Berber E, Graybill JC, et al. Histological, CT, and intraoperative ultrasound appearance of hepatic tumors previously treated by laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2007, 11(10): 1333-1338.
- 18. Norton JA. Intra-operative procedures to localize endocrine tumoursof the pancreas and duodenum[J]. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1999, 31(Suppl 2):S195-S197.
- 19. Falconi M, Bettini R, Boninsegna L, et al. Surgical strategy in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. JOP, 2006, 7(1): 150-156.
- 20. Oberg K. Diagnostic pathways. //Caplin M, Kvols L, eds. Handbook of Neuroendocrine Tumors[M]. 1st ed. Bristol, UK: Bio-Scientifica, 2006:101-121.
- 21. Mintorovitch J, Shamsi K. Eovist injection and resovist injection: two new liver-specific contrast agents for MRI[J]. Oncology (Williston Park), 2000, 14(6 Suppl 3): 37-40.
- 22. Hyslop WB, Balci NC, Semelka RC. Future horizons in MR imaging[J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2005, 13(2): 211-224.
- 23. Funovics MA, Kapeller B, Hoeller C, et al. MR imaging of the her2/neu and 9. 2. 27 tumor antigens using immunospecific contrast agents[J]. Magn Reson Imaging, 2004, 22(6): 843-850.
- 24. Thorek DL, Chen AK, Czupryna J, et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle probes for molecular imaging[J]. Ann Biomed Eng, 2006, 34(1): 23-38.
- 25. Gibril F, Jensen RT. Diagnostic uses of radiolabelled somatostatin receptor analogues in gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2004, 36(Suppl 1): S106-S120.
- 26. Gibril F, Reynolds JC, Doppman JL, et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of other imaging methods in detecting primary and metastatic gastrinomas. A prospective study[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1996, 125(1): 26-34.
- 27. Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2008, 9(1): 61-72.
- 28. Montravers F, Grahek D, Kerrou K, et al. Can fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET replace somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with digestive endocrine tumors??[J]. J Nucl Med, 2006, 47(9): 1455-1462.
- 29. Orlefors H, Sundin A, Garske U, et al. Whole-body 11C-5-hydr-oxytryptophan positron emission tomography as a universal imaging technique for neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and computed tomography[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2005, 90(6): 3392-3400.
- 30. Modlin IM, Kidd M, Latich I, et al. Current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids[J]. Gastroenterology, 2005, 128(6):1717-1751.
- 31. Hodul PJ, Strosberg JR, Kvols LK. Aggressive surgical resection in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:when isit indicated??[J]. Cancer Control, 2008, 15(4): 314-321.
- 32. Hodul P, Malafa M, Choi J, et al. The role of cytoreductive hepatic surgery as an adjunct to the management of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas[J]. Cancer Control, 2006, 13(1):61-71.
- 33. Jensen EH, Kvols L, McLoughlin JM, et al. Biomarkers predict outcomes following cytoreductive surgery for hepatic metastases from functional carcinoid tumors[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(2):780-785.
- 34. McEntee GP, Nagorney DM, Kvols LK, et al. Cytoreductive hepatic surgery for neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Surgery, 1990, 108(6):1091-1096.
- 35. Osborne DA, Zervos EE, Strosberg J, et al. Improved outcome with cytoreduction versus embolization for symptomatic hepatic metastases of carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2006, 13(8):572-581.
- 36. Lott ST, Chandler DS, Curley SA, et al. High frequency loss of heterozygosity in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-associated and sporadic pancreatic islet cell tumors: evidence for a stepwise mechanism for malignant conversion in VHL tumorigenesis[J]. Cancer Res, 2002, 62(7):1952-1955.
- 37. Fendrich V, Waldmann J, Bartsch DK, et al. Surgical management of pancreatic endocrine tumors[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2009, 6(7):419-428.
- 38. Sabiston DC. The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice[M]. 15th ed. Science Press. Bei Jin, 1999:1180.
- 39. Jensen RT, Niederle B, Mitry E, et al. Gastrinoma (duodenal and pancreatic)[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2006, 84(3):173-182.
- 40. Pavel ME, Wiedenman B. Novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2011, 43(12): 844-853.
- 41. Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Barak D, Fraenkel M, et al. Peptide receptor radioligand therapy is an effective treatment for the long-term stabilization of malignant gastrinomas[J]. Cnacer, 2011, 117(7):1377-1385.
- 42. Modlin IM, Moss SF, Oberg K, et al. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours:current diagnosis and management[J]. Med J Aust, 2010, 193(1):46-52.
- 43. Kaltsas GA, Besser GM, Grossman AB. The diagnosis and medical management of advanced neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Endoer Rev, 2004, 25(3): 458-511.
- 44. Neuroendocrine Tumor. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. V. 2. 2010.