Objective To summarize and analyze the different modality on molecular imaging of tracking and monitoring for islet transplantation．
Methods The current domestic and foreign reports on molecular imaging of islet transplantation were reviewed．
Results Magnetic resonance imaging has high sensitivity，high spatial resolution，no ionizing radiation，is clinically applicable，and could be used of real-time MR-guided injections，but can’t discriminate between liver and dead cells，difficult to do in patients with liver iron overload．Nuclear molecular imaging only displays liver cells generate signal，is clinically applicable，but disadvantage is genetic manipulation，ionizing radiation，no anatomical information，low spatial resolution．The advantage of in vivo optical imaging is only liver cells generate signal，widely available，no ionizing radiation，and the disadvantage is genetic manipulation，not clinically applicable，low spatial resolution．
Conclusions Islet imaging using magnetic resonance，nuclear molecular imaging，in vivo optical imaging，or multimodal imaging of microencapsulated islets may provide us with a direct means to interrogate islet cell distribution，survival，and function．Multimodal imaging of microencapsulated islets may be best way for tracking and monitoring in the future．
Citation：
HUANG Zixing,LIU Yangyang,SONGBin,.. Molecular Imaging of Islet Transplantation：Tracking and Monitoring. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2012, 19(2): 140-145. doi:
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Copyright © the editorial department of CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
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- 1. 145 capsules for immunoprotection and trimodal imaging[J]．Angew Chem Int Ed Engl，2011，50(10)：2317-2321．
[37] Toso C，Vallee JP，Morel P，et al．Clinical magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic islet grafts after Iron nanoparticle labeling[J]．Am J Transplant，2008，8(3)：701-706．.
- 2. 刘永锋，孟一曼．胰岛移植和胰岛干细胞研究现状[ J]．中华移植杂志（电子版），2009，3(1)：5-9．.
- 3. Shapiro AM，Lakey JR，Ryan EA，et al．Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoidfree immunosuppressive regimen[J]．N Engl J Med，2000， 343(4)：230-238．.
- 4. Medarova Z，Moore A．Non-invasive detection of transplanted pancreatic islets[J]．Diabetes Obes Metab，2008，10 Suppl 4(Suppl 4)：88-97．.
- 5. Weissleder R．Molecular imaging：exploring the next frontier[J]. Radiology，1999，212(3)：609-614．.
- 6. Jirák D，Kríz J，Herynek V，et al．MRI of transplanted pancreatic islets[J]．Magn Reson Med，2004，52(6)：1228-1233．.
- 7. Evgenov NV，Medarova Z，Dai G，et al．In vivo imaging of islet transplantation[J]．Nat Med，2006，12(1)：144-148．.
- 8. Chen X， Zhang X， Larson CS， et al． In vivo bioluminescence imaging of transplanted islets and early detection of graft rejection[ J]． Transplantation， 2006， 81(10)： 1421-1427．[ 34] Barnett BP， Kraitchman DL， Lauzon C， et al． Radiopaque alginate microcapsules for X-ray visualization and immunoprotection of cellular therapeutics[ J]． Mol Pharm， 2006， 3(5)： 531-538．[ 35] Barnett BP， Ruiz-Cabello J， Hota P， et al． Fluorocapsules for improved function， immunoprotection， and visualization of cellular therapeutics with MR， US， and CT imaging[ J]． Radiology， 2011，258(1）： 182-191．[ 36] Kim J， Arifin DR， Muja N， et al． Multifunctional capsule-in中国普外基础与临床杂志 2012年 2月第 19卷第 2期 Chin J Bases Clin General Surg, Vol. 19, No. 2, Feb. 2012 .
- 9. Saudek F，Jirák D，Girman P，et al．Magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic islets transplanted into the liver in humans[J]． Transplantation，2010，90(12)：1602-1606．.
