Update on Preoperative Staging Strategies in Rectal Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

YANG Jing ¹ , WANG Xiaodong ² , QIN Changlong ¹ , LI Li ²

1.West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital， Sichuan University， Chengdu 610041， China;;
2.Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery， West China Hospital, Sichuan University， Chengdu 610041， ChinaCorresponding Author: LI Li， E-mail: drlili116@126.com;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Rectal neoplasm; Preoperative staging; Multimodal preoperative evaluation; Transrectal ultrasound; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Multi-disciplinary team

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective 　To summarize recent advances on preoperative staging strategies in rectal cancer.
Methods 　Relevant references about preoperative staging strategies were collected and reviewed. The multimodal preoperative evaluation (MPE) system recently documented was focused on.
Results 　The comparably accurate T and M stage could be achieved preoperatively by following an appropriate available method; however, the N stage’s accuracy was still not satisfying. The MPE system， incorporating with the advantages of transrectal ultrasound， computerized tomography and serum amyloid A protein in a multi-disciplinary mode could display the most accurate preoperative staging for rectal cancer currently.
Conclusion 　The MPE has potential prospects in preoperative staging of rectal cancer， and can provide the most accurate preoperative staging for rectal cancer at present.

Citation： YANG Jing,WANG Xiaodong,QIN Changlong,LI Li. Update on Preoperative Staging Strategies in Rectal Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2009, 16(9): 714-717. doi: Copy

1.	汪晓东, 宋欢, 卢聪, 等. 骨盆测量在直肠癌手术中的应用进展 [Ｊ]. 医学与哲学, 2009; 30(4): 45-46.
2.	Thoeni RF. Colorectal cancer: cross-sectional imaging for staging of primary tumor and detection of local recurrence [Ｊ]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1991; 156(5): 909-915.
3.	Rotte KH, Klühs L, Kleinau H, et al. Computed tomography and endosonography in the preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma [Ｊ]. Eur J Radiol, 1989; 9(3): 187-190.
4.	Kim NK, Kim MJ, Yun SH, et al. Comparative study of transrectal ultrasonography, pelvic computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative staging of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1999; 42(6): 770-775.
5.	Gollub MJ, Schwartz LH, Akhurst T. Update on colorectal cancer imaging [Ｊ]. Radiol Clin North Am, 2007; 45(1): 85-118.
6.	Hodgman CG, MacCarty RL, Wolff BG, et al. Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma by computed tomography and 0.15 T magnetic resonance imaging. Preliminary report [Ｊ]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1986; 29(7): 446-450.
7.	Maldjian C, Smith R, Kilger A, et al. Endorectal surface coil MR imaging as a staging technique for rectal carcinoma: a comparison study to rectal endosonography[Ｊ]. Abdom Imaging, 2000; 25(1): 75-80.
8.	Beets-Tan RG, Beets GL. Rectal cancer: review with emphasis on MR imaging [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2004; 232(2): 335-346.
9.	Halefoglu AM, Yildirim S, Avlanmis O, et al. Endorectal ultrasonography versus phased-array magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative staging of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. World J Gastroenterol, 2008; 14(22): 3504-3510.
10.	Wiggers T, van de Velde CJ. The circumferential margin in rectal cancer. Recommendations based on the Dutch Total Mesorectal Excision Study[Ｊ]. Eur J Cancer, 2002; 38(7): 973-976.
11.	Mnig SP, Baldus SE, Zirbes TK, et al. Lymph node size and metastatic infiltration in colon cancer [Ｊ]. Ann Surg Oncol, 1999; 6(6): 579-581.
12.	Kwok H, Bissett IP, Hill GL. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2000; 15(1): 9-20.
13.	Lahaye MJ, Engelen SM, Kessels AG, et al. USPIO-enha-nced MR imaging for nodal staging in patients with primary rectal cancer: predictive criteria [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2008; 246(3): 804-811.
14.	Wolberink SV, Beets-Tan RG, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative assessment of the circumferential margin in rectal cancer is more informative in treatment planning than the T stage [Ｊ]. Tech Coloproctol, 2006; 10(3): 171-176.
15.	Wieder HA, Rosenberg R, Lordick F, et al. Rectal cancer: MR imaging before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for prediction of tumor-free circumferential resection margins and long-term survival [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2007; 243(3): 744-751.
16.	Brown G, Daniels IR. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer: the MERCURY research project [Ｊ]. Recent Results Cancer Res, 2005; 165: 58-74.
17.	Hildebrandt U, Feifel G. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by intrarectal ultrasound [Ｊ]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1985; 28(1): 42-46.
18.	Badea R, Badea G, Philippi W, et al. The value and limits of endorectal sonography in the preoperative stage classification of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Ultraschall Med, 1988; 9(6): 265-269.
19.	Siddiqui AA, Fayiga Y, Huerta S. The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Int Semin Surg Oncol, 2006; 3: 36.
20.	Kim JC, Kim HC, Yu CS, et al. Efficacy of 3-dimensional endorectal ultrasonography compared with conventional ultrasonography and computed tomography in preoperative rectal cancer staging [Ｊ]. Am J Surg, 2006; 192(1): 89-97.
21.	Wiersema MJ, Harewood GC. Endoscopic ultrasound for rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2002; 31(4): 1093-1105.
22.	Faneyte IF, Dresen RC, Edelbroek MA, et al. Pre-operative staging with positron emission tomography in patients with pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Dig Surg, 2008; 25(3): 202-207.
23.	汪晓东, 吕东昊, 崔贝贝, 等. 术前经直肠超声评估直肠癌手术方案的随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2008; 8(12): 1043-1046.
24.	吴俊华, 汪晓东, 高强, 等. 64排多层螺旋CT和血清淀粉样蛋白A联合评估下段直肠癌对手术方案选择的影响 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(2): 156-161.
25.	汪晓东, 尹源, 陆玫竹, 等. 经直肠超声联合血清淀粉样蛋白A术前评估中低位直肠癌与手术决策的随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(5): 407-412.
26.	汪晓东, 张琼文, 吕东昊, 等. 64排多层螺旋CT和血清淀粉样蛋白A联合评估结肠癌对手术方案选择的影响 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(3): 232-237.
27.	汪晓东, 吕东昊, 宋欢, 等. 多模式术前评估系统对中低位直肠癌手术方案选择的价值：一项随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(6): 487-492.
28.	汪晓东, 邓磊, 吕东昊, 等. 结直肠癌患者术前SAA、CRP、CEA和CA19-9水平的临床诊断价值 [Ｊ]. 四川医学, 2009; 30(3): 340-342.
29.	d’Eril GM, Anesi A, Maggiore M, et al. Biological variation of serum amyloid A in healthy subjects [Ｊ]. Clin Chem, 2001; 47(8): 1498-1499.
30.	汪晓东, 宋欢, 吕东昊, 等. 术前联合评估直肠上段癌与手术方案选择的随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(4): 322-326.

1. 汪晓东, 宋欢, 卢聪, 等. 骨盆测量在直肠癌手术中的应用进展 [Ｊ]. 医学与哲学, 2009; 30(4): 45-46.
2. Thoeni RF. Colorectal cancer: cross-sectional imaging for staging of primary tumor and detection of local recurrence [Ｊ]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1991; 156(5): 909-915.
3. Rotte KH, Klühs L, Kleinau H, et al. Computed tomography and endosonography in the preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma [Ｊ]. Eur J Radiol, 1989; 9(3): 187-190.
4. Kim NK, Kim MJ, Yun SH, et al. Comparative study of transrectal ultrasonography, pelvic computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative staging of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1999; 42(6): 770-775.
5. Gollub MJ, Schwartz LH, Akhurst T. Update on colorectal cancer imaging [Ｊ]. Radiol Clin North Am, 2007; 45(1): 85-118.
6. Hodgman CG, MacCarty RL, Wolff BG, et al. Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma by computed tomography and 0.15 T magnetic resonance imaging. Preliminary report [Ｊ]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1986; 29(7): 446-450.
7. Maldjian C, Smith R, Kilger A, et al. Endorectal surface coil MR imaging as a staging technique for rectal carcinoma: a comparison study to rectal endosonography[Ｊ]. Abdom Imaging, 2000; 25(1): 75-80.
8. Beets-Tan RG, Beets GL. Rectal cancer: review with emphasis on MR imaging [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2004; 232(2): 335-346.
9. Halefoglu AM, Yildirim S, Avlanmis O, et al. Endorectal ultrasonography versus phased-array magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative staging of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. World J Gastroenterol, 2008; 14(22): 3504-3510.
10. Wiggers T, van de Velde CJ. The circumferential margin in rectal cancer. Recommendations based on the Dutch Total Mesorectal Excision Study[Ｊ]. Eur J Cancer, 2002; 38(7): 973-976.
11. Mnig SP, Baldus SE, Zirbes TK, et al. Lymph node size and metastatic infiltration in colon cancer [Ｊ]. Ann Surg Oncol, 1999; 6(6): 579-581.
12. Kwok H, Bissett IP, Hill GL. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2000; 15(1): 9-20.
13. Lahaye MJ, Engelen SM, Kessels AG, et al. USPIO-enha-nced MR imaging for nodal staging in patients with primary rectal cancer: predictive criteria [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2008; 246(3): 804-811.
14. Wolberink SV, Beets-Tan RG, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative assessment of the circumferential margin in rectal cancer is more informative in treatment planning than the T stage [Ｊ]. Tech Coloproctol, 2006; 10(3): 171-176.
15. Wieder HA, Rosenberg R, Lordick F, et al. Rectal cancer: MR imaging before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for prediction of tumor-free circumferential resection margins and long-term survival [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2007; 243(3): 744-751.
16. Brown G, Daniels IR. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer: the MERCURY research project [Ｊ]. Recent Results Cancer Res, 2005; 165: 58-74.
17. Hildebrandt U, Feifel G. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by intrarectal ultrasound [Ｊ]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1985; 28(1): 42-46.
18. Badea R, Badea G, Philippi W, et al. The value and limits of endorectal sonography in the preoperative stage classification of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Ultraschall Med, 1988; 9(6): 265-269.
19. Siddiqui AA, Fayiga Y, Huerta S. The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Int Semin Surg Oncol, 2006; 3: 36.
20. Kim JC, Kim HC, Yu CS, et al. Efficacy of 3-dimensional endorectal ultrasonography compared with conventional ultrasonography and computed tomography in preoperative rectal cancer staging [Ｊ]. Am J Surg, 2006; 192(1): 89-97.
21. Wiersema MJ, Harewood GC. Endoscopic ultrasound for rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2002; 31(4): 1093-1105.
22. Faneyte IF, Dresen RC, Edelbroek MA, et al. Pre-operative staging with positron emission tomography in patients with pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Dig Surg, 2008; 25(3): 202-207.
23. 汪晓东, 吕东昊, 崔贝贝, 等. 术前经直肠超声评估直肠癌手术方案的随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2008; 8(12): 1043-1046.
24. 吴俊华, 汪晓东, 高强, 等. 64排多层螺旋CT和血清淀粉样蛋白A联合评估下段直肠癌对手术方案选择的影响 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(2): 156-161.
25. 汪晓东, 尹源, 陆玫竹, 等. 经直肠超声联合血清淀粉样蛋白A术前评估中低位直肠癌与手术决策的随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(5): 407-412.
26. 汪晓东, 张琼文, 吕东昊, 等. 64排多层螺旋CT和血清淀粉样蛋白A联合评估结肠癌对手术方案选择的影响 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(3): 232-237.
27. 汪晓东, 吕东昊, 宋欢, 等. 多模式术前评估系统对中低位直肠癌手术方案选择的价值：一项随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(6): 487-492.
28. 汪晓东, 邓磊, 吕东昊, 等. 结直肠癌患者术前SAA、CRP、CEA和CA19-9水平的临床诊断价值 [Ｊ]. 四川医学, 2009; 30(3): 340-342.
29. d’Eril GM, Anesi A, Maggiore M, et al. Biological variation of serum amyloid A in healthy subjects [Ｊ]. Clin Chem, 2001; 47(8): 1498-1499.
30. 汪晓东, 宋欢, 吕东昊, 等. 术前联合评估直肠上段癌与手术方案选择的随机对照试验 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(4): 322-326.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Update on Preoperative Staging Strategies in Rectal Cancer

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Format

Content