Review of Advances in Imaging Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

YANG Ningjing , ZHAO Liming , SONG Bin

Department of Radiology， West China Hospital of Sichuan University， Chengdu 610041， China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Liver fibrosis,Ultrasound,Computed tomography/X-ray,Magnetic resonance imaging

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【Abstract】 Objective To review the study of noninvasive imaging methods for evaluating liver fibrosis. Methods The current literatures on the use of the ultrasonography， CT and MRI for the evaluation of liver fibrosis were reviewed. The principles, applications and advancement of each imaging methods were described and summarized respectively. The features of the newly developed imaging techniques were also discussed. Results In addition to the morphologic information， the imaging examinations can also provide functional information about the circulation status， diffusion and metabolism features of liver. The potential diagnostic value of MR elastography for liver fibrosis has been addressed. Conclusion The imaging examinations, especially the functional MRI techniques, are reliable noninvasive alternatives for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, with bright potentiality for clinical application.

Citation： YANG Ningjing,ZHAO Liming,SONG Bin. Review of Advances in Imaging Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2008, 15(3): 218-222. doi: Copy

1.	Bedossa P, Poynard T. The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C [J]. Hepatology, 1996; 24(2)∶289.
2.	中华医学会传染病与寄生虫病学分会、肝病学分会联合修订. 病毒性肝炎防治方案 [J].中华肝脏病杂志, 2000; 8(6)∶324.
3.	孟繁坤, 郑颖, 丁蕾, 等. 高频超声检查与病理肝纤维化分期相关性的半定量研究 [J]. 中国超声医学杂志, 2007; 23(11)∶846.
4.	Ferral H, Male R, Cardiel M, et al. Cirrhosis: diagnosis by liver surface analysis with high-frequency ultrasound [J]. Gastrointest Radiol, 1992; 17(1)∶74.
5.	中华肝脏病学会肝纤维化学组. 肝纤维化诊断及疗效评估共识 [J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2002; 10(5)∶327.
6.	Weickert U, Buttmann A, Jakobs R, et al. Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis: a comparison of modified ultrasound and laparoscopy in 100 consecutive patients [J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2005; 39(6)∶529.
7.	Hirota M, Kaneko T, Sugimoto H, et al. Intrahepatic circulatory time analysis of an ultrasound contrast agent in liver cirrhosis [J]. Liver Int， 2005; 25(2)∶337.
8.	Sugimoto H, Kaneko T, Hirota M, et al. Earlier hepatic vein transit-time measured by contrast ultrasonography reflects intrahepatic hemodynamic changes accompanying cirrhosis [J].J Hepatol, 2002; 37(5)∶578.
9.	Ophir J, Céspedes I, Ponnekanti H, et al. Elastography: a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues [J]. Ultrason Imaging, 1991; 13(2)∶111.
10.	徐智章，俞清. 超声弹性成像原理及初步应用 [J]. 上海医学影像， 2005； 14（1）∶3.
11.	袁鹰, 龚渭冰, 张守华, 等. 超声弹性成像诊断大鼠部分淤胆型肝纤维化的初步研究 [J]. 临床超声医学杂志, 2007; 9(6)∶326.
12.	Sandrin L, Fourquet B, Hasquenoph JM, et al. Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis [J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2003; 29(12)∶1705.
13.	Castéra L, Vergniol J, Foucher J, et al. Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C [J]. Gastroenterology, 2005; 128(2)∶343.
14.	Nguyen-Khac E, Capron D. Noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis by ultrasonic transient elastography (Fibroscan) [J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2006; 18(12)∶1321.
15.	Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Herrmann E, et al. Real-time elastography for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2007; 188(3)∶758.
16.	上海市肝纤维化课题协作组. 肝纤维化的CT、MR 诊断初步探讨 [J]. 上海医学, 2002; 25(4)∶210.
17.	陆健, 王鸿帼, 张涛, 等. 螺旋CT三期扫描对肝纤维化诊断价值研究 [J]. 实用放射学杂志, 2006; 22(9)∶1075.
18.	Taura T, Nakamura K, Takashima S, et al.Heterogeneity of hepatic parenchymal enhancement on computed tomography during arterial portography: quantitative analysis of correlation with severity of hepatic fibrosis [J]. Hepatol Res, 2001; 20(2)∶182.
19.	陈海荣, 童隆正. 组合算法用于肝纤维化CT图像研究 [J]. 医疗设备信息, 2003; 18（6）∶9.
20.	童隆正, 王新光, 贺文. 关于CT 图像肝纤维化评定标准的研究 [J]. 医疗设备信息, 2001； 16(12)∶9.
21.	Valls C, Andía E, Roca Y, et al. CT in hepatic cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis [J]. Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 2002; 23(1)∶37.
22.	宋彬. CT灌注成像的原理、技术及在腹部影像诊断中的应用 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2004; 11（2）∶171.
23.	Tsushima Y, Unno Y, Koizumi J, et al. Measurement of human hepatic and splenic perfusion using dynamic computed tomography: a preliminary report [J]. Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 1998; 57(1-2)∶143.
24.	Miles KA, Hayball MP, Dixon AK. Functional images of hepatic perfusion obtained with dynamic CT [J]. Radiology, 1993; 188(2)∶405.
25.	Van Beers BE, Leconte I, Materne R, et al. Hepatic perfusion parameters in chronic liver disease: dynamic CT measurements correlated with disease severity [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2001; 176(3)∶667.
26.	Kapanen MK, Halavaara JT, Hkkinen AM. Open four-compartment model in the measurement of liver perfusion [J]. Acad Radiol, 2005; 12(12)∶1542.
27.	陈克敏，钟亮，柴维敏. 肝纤维化门脉血流的磁共振相位对比法测定 [J]. 临床放射学杂志, 2001; 20（1）∶53.
28.	Cho SG, Kim MY, Kim HJ, et al. Chronic hepatitis: in vivo proton MR spectroscopic evaluation of the liver and correlation with histopathologic findings [J]. Radiology, 2001; 221(3)∶740.
29.	胡晓峰. 肝纤维化及影像学评价 [J]. 国外医学·临床放射学分册, 2006; 29（4）∶258.
30.	杨洋，宋彬，吴苾. 慢性病毒性肝炎组织病理学分级和磁共振弥散成像的对照研究 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2006； 13(4)∶469.
31.	Muthupillai R, Lomas DJ, Rossman PJ, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography by direct visualization of propagating acoustic strain waves [J]. Science, 1995; 269(5232)∶1854.
32.	Rouvière O, Yin M, Dresner MA, et al. MR elastography of the liver: preliminary results [J]. Radiology, 2006; 240(2)∶440.
33.	Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, et al. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography [J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007; 5(10)∶1207.

1. Bedossa P, Poynard T. The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C [J]. Hepatology, 1996; 24(2)∶289.
2. 中华医学会传染病与寄生虫病学分会、肝病学分会联合修订. 病毒性肝炎防治方案 [J].中华肝脏病杂志, 2000; 8(6)∶324.
3. 孟繁坤, 郑颖, 丁蕾, 等. 高频超声检查与病理肝纤维化分期相关性的半定量研究 [J]. 中国超声医学杂志, 2007; 23(11)∶846.
4. Ferral H, Male R, Cardiel M, et al. Cirrhosis: diagnosis by liver surface analysis with high-frequency ultrasound [J]. Gastrointest Radiol, 1992; 17(1)∶74.
5. 中华肝脏病学会肝纤维化学组. 肝纤维化诊断及疗效评估共识 [J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2002; 10(5)∶327.
6. Weickert U, Buttmann A, Jakobs R, et al. Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis: a comparison of modified ultrasound and laparoscopy in 100 consecutive patients [J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2005; 39(6)∶529.
7. Hirota M, Kaneko T, Sugimoto H, et al. Intrahepatic circulatory time analysis of an ultrasound contrast agent in liver cirrhosis [J]. Liver Int， 2005; 25(2)∶337.
8. Sugimoto H, Kaneko T, Hirota M, et al. Earlier hepatic vein transit-time measured by contrast ultrasonography reflects intrahepatic hemodynamic changes accompanying cirrhosis [J].J Hepatol, 2002; 37(5)∶578.
9. Ophir J, Céspedes I, Ponnekanti H, et al. Elastography: a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues [J]. Ultrason Imaging, 1991; 13(2)∶111.
10. 徐智章，俞清. 超声弹性成像原理及初步应用 [J]. 上海医学影像， 2005； 14（1）∶3.
11. 袁鹰, 龚渭冰, 张守华, 等. 超声弹性成像诊断大鼠部分淤胆型肝纤维化的初步研究 [J]. 临床超声医学杂志, 2007; 9(6)∶326.
12. Sandrin L, Fourquet B, Hasquenoph JM, et al. Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis [J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2003; 29(12)∶1705.
13. Castéra L, Vergniol J, Foucher J, et al. Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C [J]. Gastroenterology, 2005; 128(2)∶343.
14. Nguyen-Khac E, Capron D. Noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis by ultrasonic transient elastography (Fibroscan) [J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2006; 18(12)∶1321.
15. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Herrmann E, et al. Real-time elastography for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2007; 188(3)∶758.
16. 上海市肝纤维化课题协作组. 肝纤维化的CT、MR 诊断初步探讨 [J]. 上海医学, 2002; 25(4)∶210.
17. 陆健, 王鸿帼, 张涛, 等. 螺旋CT三期扫描对肝纤维化诊断价值研究 [J]. 实用放射学杂志, 2006; 22(9)∶1075.
18. Taura T, Nakamura K, Takashima S, et al.Heterogeneity of hepatic parenchymal enhancement on computed tomography during arterial portography: quantitative analysis of correlation with severity of hepatic fibrosis [J]. Hepatol Res, 2001; 20(2)∶182.
19. 陈海荣, 童隆正. 组合算法用于肝纤维化CT图像研究 [J]. 医疗设备信息, 2003; 18（6）∶9.
20. 童隆正, 王新光, 贺文. 关于CT 图像肝纤维化评定标准的研究 [J]. 医疗设备信息, 2001； 16(12)∶9.
21. Valls C, Andía E, Roca Y, et al. CT in hepatic cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis [J]. Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 2002; 23(1)∶37.
22. 宋彬. CT灌注成像的原理、技术及在腹部影像诊断中的应用 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2004; 11（2）∶171.
23. Tsushima Y, Unno Y, Koizumi J, et al. Measurement of human hepatic and splenic perfusion using dynamic computed tomography: a preliminary report [J]. Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 1998; 57(1-2)∶143.
24. Miles KA, Hayball MP, Dixon AK. Functional images of hepatic perfusion obtained with dynamic CT [J]. Radiology, 1993; 188(2)∶405.
25. Van Beers BE, Leconte I, Materne R, et al. Hepatic perfusion parameters in chronic liver disease: dynamic CT measurements correlated with disease severity [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2001; 176(3)∶667.
26. Kapanen MK, Halavaara JT, Hkkinen AM. Open four-compartment model in the measurement of liver perfusion [J]. Acad Radiol, 2005; 12(12)∶1542.
27. 陈克敏，钟亮，柴维敏. 肝纤维化门脉血流的磁共振相位对比法测定 [J]. 临床放射学杂志, 2001; 20（1）∶53.
28. Cho SG, Kim MY, Kim HJ, et al. Chronic hepatitis: in vivo proton MR spectroscopic evaluation of the liver and correlation with histopathologic findings [J]. Radiology, 2001; 221(3)∶740.
29. 胡晓峰. 肝纤维化及影像学评价 [J]. 国外医学·临床放射学分册, 2006; 29（4）∶258.
30. 杨洋，宋彬，吴苾. 慢性病毒性肝炎组织病理学分级和磁共振弥散成像的对照研究 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2006； 13(4)∶469.
31. Muthupillai R, Lomas DJ, Rossman PJ, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography by direct visualization of propagating acoustic strain waves [J]. Science, 1995; 269(5232)∶1854.
32. Rouvière O, Yin M, Dresner MA, et al. MR elastography of the liver: preliminary results [J]. Radiology, 2006; 240(2)∶440.
33. Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, et al. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography [J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007; 5(10)∶1207.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Review of Advances in Imaging Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis

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